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In this paper, we propose a reference-modulated permutation index differential chaos shift keying (RM-PI-DCSK) over multipath fading channels. Due to quasi-orthogonal property between different permutated chaotic signals, the proposed scheme can remarkably suppress the inter-sequence interference to recover the desired information. Moreover, the proposed RM-PI-DCSK has one more modulation bit in the reference segment than the conventional permutation index differential chaos shift keying (PI-DCSK). Both the reference signal in the first time-slot and a permuted replica of the reference in the second time-slot are modulated for efficient transmission. The theoretical bit-error-rate (BER) performance and the highly consistent simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RM-PI-DCSK can achieve a performance gain 3 dB over the conventional PI-DCSK at a BER of $10^{-4}$ , and this gain becomes larger in a high-delay-spread channel. In particular, the performance superiority of the RM-PI-DCSK is further demonstrated in a typical ultra-wideband (UWB) channel with narrow-band interference. Therefore, this proposed scheme can be deemed as an efficient transmission alternative for chaotic-based wireless communications, such as in wireless local area network (WLAN) applications and indoor applications of the transmitted-reference UWB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]