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Redevelopment of industrial land is an essential component of urban regeneration in China, which has profound implications for promoting urban sustainable development. Therefore, quantitative evaluations of the spatial variation of industrial land transformation and its influencing factors are required. This study explores the spatial patterns of industrial land transformation using overlay analysis. Then, it establishes a multinomial logistic regression model to explore their influential factors by collecting empirical data, including of the industrial renewal projects from 2010 to 2018 in Shenzhen, China. The findings show that urban redevelopment practices have profoundly transformed industrial land use in the recent urban renewal process. Market actors implement industrial land redevelopment projects with policy guidance. These actors with diversified redevelopment goals have directly shaped the spatial outcomes of industrial land transformation. A small portion of industrial sites has been transformed into public facilities and open space as required by redevelopment policies. At the same time, the majority have been converted into residential and commercial spaces, as well as new industrial spaces for innovative industries under market orientation. Significant spatial differences in regeneration outcomes exist at the urban level. The regression results indicate that policy and planning regulations, and land ownership, are the critical factors affecting the transformation of urban industrial land into different types of land uses. A favorable plot location tends to promote the transition of industrial parcels for commercial functions, with less impact on other options. The impact of public demand is almost negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of rail transit is expected to gather housing and jobs around metro stations to improve the urban spatial structure for sustainable development. However, evaluations of the effects of transit-oriented development (TOD) practices in Chinese cities remain limited. Based on 2019 mobile phone signaling data, this study analyzed the spatial relationship between metro station areas, urban population density, and employment density in Tianjin City, China. Kernel density estimation, the coverage rate of population and employment, and the envelope range density method for rail transit networks were used to describe the spatial relationships between rail transit and the distribution of population and employment. The concentric circle method was used to analyze the spatial variation of residential population density and employment density within the station surrounding areas. Multiple linear regressions, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and geographically weighted regression analysis were established to quantitatively evaluate the effects of metro stations on the residential population density and employment density around the stations. Results show that: (1) population and employment are significantly concentrated along the rail transit area; (2) metro stations within the suburban area, which are roughly 10 km away from the center, have the most significant aggregation effect on population and employment; and (3) employment density and the proportion of residential and commercial lands are the most influential factors in residential population density within the station's surrounding areas. These findings contribute to comprehensive spatial analysis on population and employment densities around metro stations and provide scientific support for sustainable urban development. Based on the research results, policy implications are proposed to better guide the coordinated development of rail transit and urban spatial structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to enrich our understanding of the concept of growth coalition through analyzing the extended and changeable composition of the urban redevelopment growth coalition and its dynamic operation within the context of market-oriented urban village redevelopment in China. An analytical framework which combines growth coalition theory with the varieties of urban entrepreneurialism is developed. An in-depth investigation of a representative case of urban village renewal projects in Shenzhen has been further conducted to reveal the complex and dynamic processes of cooperating and competing for land-based interests within the coalition. Results show that the coalition of the Village Shareholding Companies (VSCs) and developers has become the key actor in initiating and implementing urban village redevelopment. Competition and cooperation between the cooperative developers and the local governments on provision of public infrastructures and between developers and the VSCs on the distribution proportion of land-based interests are key determinants in implementing the redevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal housing accommodates a large number of populations in the worldwide and has received considerable attention. However, there is still a lack of understanding on the diversified informal settlers and their housing incentives, constraints, and risks they face. Based on existing research on property rights and informal settlements, this study presents a conceptual framework that includes four dimensions of property rights (the right of possession, the right of use, the right to earn rental income and the right of transfer) to explore the de facto property rights of Small Property Rights Housing (SPRH) owners for a better understanding on informal housing ownership and its relationship with formal and informal institutional arrangements in China. In-depth interviews with SPRH owners were conducted to explore the de facto property rights of SPRH ownership. Findings reveal that the “small” property rights shaped by formal and informal institutional arrangements have resulted in unique housing values of SPRH. Such housing values have met a wide range of housing needs and motivated heterogeneous social groups to obtain SPRH ownership in urbanizing China. Constructive attempts to clarify the “small” property rights of SPRH should consider the different social groups of informal housing owners and their diversified housing needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As urban redevelopment becomes an essential instrument for further urban development, the spatial outcomes of these redevelopment activities exert an increasingly profound impact on urban development. Unlike past state-dominated urban redevelopment, current market-oriented redevelopment activities are becoming more active, while the government continues to play an important role through various forms of intervention. To optimise the development of urban space, a comprehensive understanding of the effect of government interventions on the spatial variations of market-oriented redevelopment activities is required. Against the background of Shenzhen's market-oriented urban village redevelopment, this study formulated a theoretical framework to identify the core government interventions in terms of urban planning, development intensity control, and decentralisation, and then analysed how they affect the market-oriented redevelopment activities from a spatial perspective. Ordinary least squares regression and geographically weighted regression models were employed to conduct an empirical analysis to measure the specific impact of diverse government interventions. The results show that the planned transport routes, public facilities, and density zones can effectively guide the urban village redevelopment projects towards the future core development areas of a city. The introduction and implementation of Shenzhen's decentralisation of urban redevelopment have promoted urban village redevelopment and have resulted in significant differences in redevelopment activities dominated by market forces across administrative districts. It provides practical implications for implementing proper government interventions for the sustainable spatial development of redevelopment activities. • A theoretical framework was formulated to identify the core government interventions affecting market-oriented urban redevelopment. • The impact of government interventions on market-oriented urban redevelopment activities was measured quantitatively. • Planned public facilities, transport routes, and density zones exerted significant influence. • Shenzhen's decentralisation policy has resulted in significant spatial differences in redevelopment activities. • The evaluation and recommendation on government intervention in the market-oriented redevelopment were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing appreciation of the potential benefits of experimentation to tame the complexities of urban transformation has led to an increase in related research activity. Building on a "practice-to-policy" experimentation-based framework, this paper investigates the adaptive policymaking process for urban regeneration in Shenzhen since the 2000s. It finds that "explorative experimentation" is used to identify a general direction in the absence of a clear route for the policy process, while "generative experimentation" is sequentially dedicated to specific issues for the improvement of the entire policy package within a particular reform. We argue that understanding the successive roles or hybrid functions of these two types of experiment adds new insights to the development rationales for Shenzhen's urban regeneration and provides inspiration for an experimental model of urban governance. Governments and policymakers can benefit from the experimentation-based approach, as presented in the Shenzhen case, to pursue policy innovation embedded in local contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a unique phenomenon of urbanisation in China, the emergence of urban villages has attracted considerable attention from the academic community. Adopting an institutional approach on land development, this study analyses how the land property rights regime affects village-led land development behaviours and spatial outcomes in urban villages. Using a set of reliable data from Shenzhen, the empirical study shows that, although unequal land rights under the current land property rights regime impose severe institutional constraints to the development of urban villages, they actually play a much more important and diversified role in China’s urbanisation than previously recognised. As the primary developers of urban villages, villagers have adopted various land development strategies in response to the changing market environment and internal economic conditions in the dynamic urbanisation process. These dynamic strategies have contributed to the coexistence of sub-optimal industrial development and high-quality housing development in urban villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is facing the challenge of sustainable urban redevelopment due to its massive economic transformation process. As a unique product of the rapid urbanization of past decades, urban village has become a major obstacle for sustainable redevelopment because of its sub-standard infrastructure and disordered built environment. Redevelopment of ‘villages in the city’ (ViCs) is distinct from normal urban redevelopment because it involves the change of collective land ownership without de jure property rights to state land ownership with de jure property rights. What site characteristics, what ownership type, what geographical characteristics, make village sites more likely to be redeveloped? This study addresses this question with particular reference to industrial sites in Shenzhen. An analytical framework is developed based on the concept of rent gap to analyze the possible effects of these factors. An empirical investigation is conducted based on a set of data that covers all 44 village-owned industrial sites in the Nanshan District in Shenzhen. The findings suggest that village sites with better accessibility to good transportation facilities and the city centre are significantly more likely to be redeveloped and thus will be integrated into formal urban areas earlier than those located in less accessible areas. It is also demonstrated that fragmented land ownership and lack of legal land rights are not significant barriers for the sustainable redevelopment of such sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing awareness of the need to improve built environments in declined urban areas worldwide has raised the popularity of urban regeneration as a research topic. Various tools, such as questionnaire surveys, analytic hierarchy process, and fuzzy set theory, have been developed to measure the sustainability of urban regeneration and ensure that it follows the principles of sustainable development. However, these studies, which rely on the indicator system, assume that urban regeneration is a static and isolated state during the assessment process. Hence, this study aims to provide an alternative model for measuring sustainability of urban regeneration. Fuzzy set theory and Monte Carlo simulation were introduced to solicit critical measurement indicators that would lay a unified basis for comparison. Entropy method was also used to determine the weights of relevant critical measurement indicators to avoid subjective judgment. A general decision-making framework for dynamic monitoring of urban regeneration was developed based on the dynamic change of sustainability of urban regeneration ( V k ) and urgency of urban regeneration ( U k ). Four scenarios were discussed based on the four quadrants generated by V k and U k . Therefore, sustainable urban regeneration can be identified and compared through the V k – U k coordinate system, and the best practices of urban regeneration can be determined for global promotion. This model has the advantages to process the fuzzy and subjective nature in indicator assessment of sustainability of urban regeneration, which is an improvement compared with existing studies. As well, the decision-making framework could assist policy-makers in determining the sustainability of an ongoing urban regeneration as well in performing a dynamic and long-term monitoring of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The rapid urbanization of China during the past decades has led to the emergence and development of urban villages. Existing literature has largely focused on the lack of state regulations in the development of urban villages. This paper comprehensively identifies and investigates the institutional constraints on land development in urban villages in China based on a property rights framework and a comparative study on two representative cases in Shenzhen. The key institutional constraints on the land development in urban villages include 1) land insecurity caused by the possibility of government expropriation, 2) unequal access to credit because of unequal land rights, and 3) absence of state regulations on collective land transactions because of the lack of de jure property rights. These institutional constraints weakened the land-related investment incentives and ability of villagers, and resulted in inferior infrastructure and poorly constructed environment in urban villages. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The study investigates the economic performance of industrial development in the Chinese urbanization process under two different property rights arrangements. Industrial development contributes significantly to China's economic growth in the urbanization process. As one of the most fundamental institutional arrangements, the urban–rural dual land system is important in urbanization and industrial development in China. Two types of land system including state and collective ownership coexist in the current land administration system. According to the law, the state owns the urban land, whereas the village collective owns the rural land. State requisition is the only channel to convert rural land to urban land. Village collectives are not allowed to transfer their land for urban use. Therefore, the property rights on collective land are incomplete in the urbanization process. Do incomplete property rights cause unsatisfactory economic performance of industrial development on collective land? Based on community-level data from two districts with an area of 1557 km2 in Shenzhen in 2006, a regression analysis shows that incomplete property rights have caused significant land use inefficiency in industrial development in terms of lower land rental value and lower industrial value added per unit of land. The findings suggest that monthly rental prices of industrial plants on collective land were approximately 57% less than those on state land in 2006. The industrial value produced on collective land was RMB 6.624 billion less than on state land per km2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The necessity for low-carbon underground structure construction in urban sustainable development is clear. Despite widespread green construction techniques, cast-in-situ (CIS) construction is still common in underground projects, presenting significant environmental challenges. Consequently, this study presents the Prefabricated Two-wall-in-one Diaphragm Wall (PTDW), a single-walled scheme, and investigates its GHG reduction efficiency. First, the technical advantages of PTDW were introduced in detail. Second, the Carbon-mechanics Dual-control Assessment Model (CDAM) was constructed to evaluate the GHG reduction efficiency of underground construction techniques. Finally, CDAM was used for a comparative analysis of single-walled and traditional double-walled schemes. The research findings are as follows: (1) The vulnerability of the prefabricated single-walled scheme is not inferior to the CIS double-walled scheme. (2) PTDW technology reduces GHG emissions intensity by 24.96% compared to traditional CIS construction. This reduction mainly results from avoiding traditional CIS temporary measures. (3) Across all restoration levels and areas, the single-walled scheme's GHG reduction efficiency consistently exceeds that of the double-walled scheme. PTDW technology offers significant advantages in structural resilience and GHG reduction efficiency. It also reveals that PTDW technology not only reduces GHG emissions intensity but also enhances the GHG reduction efficiency. These findings provide both a theoretical foundation and a practical tool for evaluating the GHG reduction efficiency of underground structural construction technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A hybrid trilogy is proposed to predict large-scale demolition waste generation. • Waste generation rate is measured on site with industry data. • Image recognition technology and Google Earth are used to obtain gross floor area. As a result of land resources constraining in China, demolition and reconstruction of existing buildings become an important means to meet the requirement of urban renewal, in which a large amount of demolition waste is generated. However, it is difficult to predict the generation of large-scale demolition waste with high efficiency due to the lack of basic data and technical support. This study aims to propose a hybrid trilogy method for predicting the generation of large-scale demolition waste during urban renewal based on two indicators of waste generation rate (WGR) and gross floor area (GFA). WGR was measured based on on-site measurement and existing industry standard data according to different building types and structure types. Composition and proportion of demolition waste were correspondingly analyzed. GFA was obtained based on image recognition technology and Google Earth. Two hundred buildings were selected as samples to verify GFA accuracy, whose error ranges were mostly controlled within 10%. Finally, prediction of large-scale demolition waste generation in Shenzhen was conducted as a case study during urban renewal for verification of the hybrid trilogy method proposed. Results show that 49.40 million tons of demolition waste will be generated. Findings of this study improve the accuracy and speed of existing prediction methods for large-scale demolition waste, indicating great potential for wide application. The current research provides guidance for demolition enterprises, transportation enterprises, recycling enterprises, and government departments to manage large-scale demolition waste precisely during urban renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The article takes Beijing as a case study. [•] Rural migrants are marginal in the system of social housing supply. [•] The problems and opportunities of ViCs are studied. [•] A critical evaluation of the redevelopment of Tangjialing village is conducted. [•] 1. Public rental housing construction can combine with ViC’s incremental upgrading. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Three alternative urban datasets are presented to portray urban vibrancy. • A comparative empirical study is conducted to examine multisource urban big data. • The results demonstrate the commonalities and differences in urban vibrancy proxies. Understanding urban vibrancy aids policy-making to foster urban space and therefore has long been a goal of urban studies. Recently, the emerging urban big data and urban analytic methods have enabled us to portray citywide vibrancy. From the social sensing perspective, this study presents a comprehensive and comparative framework to cross-validate urban vibrancy and uncover associated spatial effects. Spatial patterns of urban vibrancy indicated by multisource urban sensing data (points-of-interest, social media check-ins, and mobile phone records) were investigated. A comprehensive urban vibrancy metric was formed by adaptively weighting these metrics. The association between urban vibrancy and demographic, economic, and built environmental factors was revealed with global regression models and local regression models. An empirical experiment was conducted in Shenzhen. The results demonstrate that four urban vibrancy metrics are all higher in the special economic zone (SEZ) and lower in non-SEZs but with different degrees of spatial aggregation. The influences of employment and road density on all vibrancy metrics are significant and positive. However, the effects of metro stations, land use mix, building footprints, and distance to district center depend on the vibrancy indicator and location. These findings unravel the commonalities and differences in urban vibrancy metrics derived from multisource urban big data and the hidden spatial dynamics of the influences of associated factors. They further suggest that urban policies should be proposed to foster vibrancy in Shenzhen therefore benefit social wellbeing and urban development in the long term. They also provide valuable insights into the reliability of urban big data-driven urban studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]