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Pontederia crassipes is an invasive plant in all aquatic environment, especially in stagnant water such as lakes. This plant contains bioactive compounds with environmentally friendly antifungal properties. Researchers can isolate these compounds using chemical extraction and pyrolysis methods. This review article comprehensively examines research that focuses on the extraction and pyrolysis of water hyacinth stems and other biomass to create antifungal products. A review of related research from 2010 to 2023 was carried out. Research has proven water hyacinth's potential as an effective and sustainable antifungal. Apart from that, the use of water hyacinth extract plays a important role in managing water hyacinth as a nuisance water weed. The antifungal formulation from water hyacinth is expected to increase agricultural needs while protecting the environment.

This paper reviews the epistemological planning and the different approaches that, starting with Humboldt, have approached the study of landscape in the disciplinary field of human geography. Then, the transformation of the natural environment of the Basin of Mexico is addressed, starting with the organization of the economic and social life of the peoples who have inhabited it, covering a long time span that allows us to understand the impact of the actions of men at small and large scales, in the scenario of a basin of great physiographic and biological contrasts. Past legacies and contemporary dynamics merge in the landscapes that the inhabitants of one of the most populated regions in the world today look at, enjoy, suffer and, in any case, give them identity roots and are part of their individual and collective memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hapcheon impact crater is the only meteorite impact crater identified on the Korean peninsula. However, the morphology of the impact crater and the nature of the meteorite collision are unknown. In this study, we analyzed the sedimentary facies using grain size data; computed tomography images, 14C, 10Be, and optically stimulated luminescence dating on a >66-m-long sediment core (20HCL04) recovered from the Hapcheon Basin. Four sedimentary units and 10 types of facies were documented in the Hapcheon Basin sediment core. The sedimentary units comprise 1) a lower part (unit 1) that is dominated by moderately to well-sorted coarse gravel, which contains some impact-related sediments; 2) a middle part (units 2 and 3) dominated by well-laminated mud; and 3) an upper part (Unit 4) that is dominated by poorly sorted coarse gravel supplied from the surrounding mountain slopes by alluvial and fluvial processes. After the meteorite impact, the Hapcheon impact crater was filled with deposits from the crater wall after ca. 1.3 Ma and the Hapcheon Basin became a deep lake environment. After ca. 0.5 Ma, sediments were supplied from the surrounding mountains until the lake was filled. Finally, sediments were deposited in an alluvial fan setting. In addition, the Hapcheon Basin sedimentary cores contain a tephra layer and deformed soft sediments that can be used to investigate volcanic and seismic events on the Korean Peninsula over the past 1.3 Ma.

Abstract To utilize woody waste for the inhibition of harmful algae, we examined the growth inhibitory activities of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) bark powder against Microcystis aeruginosa, which is a cyanobacteria species that causes algal blooms in lake or pond areas. The growth of M. aeruginosa was inhibited by the direct mixing of sugi bark powder into media in flasks. The inhibitory activity against M. aeruginosa was decreased when the bark underwent organic solvent extractions. Thus, the inhibitory activity was promoted by the extract components. After solvent extraction, the bark maintained a level of inhibitory activity suggestive of both chemical and physical effects. These results show that the growth of M. aeruginosa can be suppressed by directly using sugi bark with no extraction treatment.

Pig farming is practiced in lake environments of Benin despite a high presence of surface water. The study aims to identify risk factors for spreading of African swine fever (ASF) in lake environment breeding practices to propose biosecurity measures adapted to these environments. Data were collected by interview with 48 pig farmers in the communes of Aguégués and Sô-Ava. A typology of these farms has allowed us to identify three types of farms that differ in the type of housing, the genetic types reared, the feed types used, and the management of waste and dead animals. The first type corresponds to farms in total confinement that have pigs of exotic genetic type fed with mixtures of raw materials. These farmers throw the waste and dead animals into the river water. The other two types of farms are partially confined and free-range farms that have local genetic type animals fed with kitchen scraps and fodder. The waste is discharged into the space not occupied by water, but dead animals are sometimes buried (partial confinement). Breeding practices in all three types do not protect them from ASF. The vulnerability of the farms to ASF varies between types, and the free-ranging makes them more vulnerable to ASF. The study allowed us to identify a relationship between the different types of farms and the risks of ASF spreading, which led us to develop a series of biosecurity measures adapted to each type, both for farmers and authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract This study presents 1) the results of a stable isotope and subfossil Cladocera analyses of lacustrine sediments from Maliszewskie Lake (E Poland) and next 2) different reaction of the lake environments depending on the lake's localization. Maliszewskie Lake is located in North Podlasie Lowland ca. 30 km to the south of the Vistulian ice sheet limit. The approximately 4.80-m-thick sediments (Maliszewo I profile) are mainly comprised of calcareous gyttja covered by peat and organic detritus gyttja. Pollen analysis documents that the sediments accumulated from the Late Glacial (Allerød period) to recent times. Based on the results of stable isotope and subfossil Cladocera analyses of sediments, the lake environmental changes were reconstructed. A positive trend in δ18O and δ13C values documents a gradual climatic warming. The fluctuations of the oxygen isotopic values suggest the multiple oscillation of water level due to a change in the evaporation/precipitation ratio. The subfossil cladoceran fauna in the Maliszewo I profile is represented by 21 species belonging to five families. Three zones of Cladocera development were distinguished. The Cladocera species indicate the initial oligotrophic status of the lake and its subsequent increase of trophic status. Currently, Maliszewskie Lake is a very shallow, declining reservoir. The initial period of its existence probably saw its maximal depth. In presented studies we compared our results with data from three other sites documenting the reaction of the lake environment during the Late Glacial and Holocene transformation. At that time we observed different reactions to the climate amelioration. In the northern, postglacial lakes, the Holocene warming at first provoked an input cold melting water characterized by more negative oxygen isotope values and then a rise in water temperature. In the lakes further away from the glaciation border (periglacial lakes), the increase in water temperature, documented by e.g. more positive oxygen isotopic immediately occurred. The climate warming is commonly manifested by a significant increase of number of species and individuals of Cladocera. Highlights • Reaction of the lake environment during the Late Glacial/Holocene transformation depends on the distance from the ice sheet. • Isotopic records are different in the postglacial and periglacial lake sediments. • Cladocera do not prefer the rich‑carbonate deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structure of the helminth community of Megaleporinus obtusidens collected in Lake Guaíba was evaluated, and the results indicated that the diversity of helminth species was probably determined by fish behavior and eating habits. The influence of sex, weight, and standard length of hosts for parasitic indices was also analyzed. Sixteen helminth species were found parasitizing M. obtusidens, including the following: platyhelminths, with the highest richness, represented by one species of Aspidobothrea; four species of Digenea; and eight species of Monogenea; the latter, presented the highest prevalence. Rhinoxenus arietinus, found in nasal cavities, had the greater abundance, and was the only species classified as core. The prevalence of Urocleidoides paradoxus was significantly influenced by the sex of the host; females had the highest values. Abundance was weakly influenced by fish weight and the body length of the hosts. Urocleidoides sp. had its abundance weakly influenced by the host weight. The other helminths were not influenced by biometric characteristics of the hosts. The total species richness was similar between male and female fish, and both had 14 helminth species of parasites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lakes are a common water resource. This study analyzed residents' concerns regarding their lake environments to help solve lake environmental problems. The study area comprised three lakes in Japan-Kasumigaura, Suwa, and Biwa-which have different tendencies to change in water quality. A sample of 1200 respondents was evenly distributed among the three lake regions. A questionnaire survey asked about respondents' proximity to the lake, their concerns about the lakes' uses and environments, their evaluations of the lakes, and their opinions regarding environmental improvements. The number of options chosen in response to the multiple-answer questions was used to measure the extent of concern. The results found that knowledge of the water environment, general environmental concerns, the amount of travel time to the lake, and the visiting interval were significantly related to concerns about the lake environment. The results of logistic regression analysis found that high environmental concerns positively influenced attitudes toward lake use. Ways to increase concerns for lake environmental problems and the relationship between concerns and attitudes toward solving lake environmental problems are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wular lake, located at an elevation of 1520 m above sea level in Kashmir valley, India. In the present study, the immediate and long term impact of flood (2014) over the Wular lake environs was analyzed by using satellite images and employing supervised classification technique in GIS environment. The LULC classification was performed on the images of 25th August 2014 (pre flood) and 13th September 2015 (post flood) and was compared, which indicated marked decrease in terrestrial vegetation (23.7%), agriculture (43.7%) and water bodies (39.9%). Overlaying analysis was performed with pre and post flood classified images with reference to the satellite image of 10th September 2014(during flood) which indicated total area inundated during flood was 88.77 km². With the pre-flood situation, the aquatic vegetation of 34.06 km², 13.89 km² of agriculture land and terrestrial vegetation of 3.13 km² was inundated. In the post flood situation, it was also came into focus that more than the half of the area under water bodies was converted into sand deposits (22.76 km²) due to anomalous increase in siltation. The overlay analysis on post flood classified image indicated that aquatic vegetation followed by agriculture and sand deposits lie within the flood inundated area. Further spatial analysis was performed within the flood inundated area (88.77 km²) with pre and post classified image to understand the situation before and after the flood and to calculate the changes. These land use-land cover transformations signifies the ill effect of flooding on the biodiversity of Wular Lake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of isotopic investigations of the Skaliska Basin sediments are presented. Stable isotope analyses were done for authigenic carbonates from three profiles: W1 - Piotrowo-Ławniki, W2 - Sąkieły Małe, and W4 - Budzewo. The profiles contain carbonate silts at the bottom, then calcareous detritus gyttja and organic silts and peat at the top. Palynological data indicate that sediment were accumulated in the Skaliska Basin from the final phase of the Younger Dryas to the Subboreal period. The values δ18O change from ca −9.4 to −4.5‰, and δ13C values varies from −5.1 to +0.1‰. Such a large range of isotopic data reflects changing conditions in the basin during accumulation of deposits (different water levels, water temperatures, and bioproduction). Based on the results of stable isotope analyses of the carbonates, isotopic zones (Is) were defined and characterized for each profile. The results of isotopic analysis enabled reconstruction of varying environmental conditions connected with lake deepening and/or influx of water enriched in light isotopes, climatic warming, and increase of biological activity. The Late Glacial deposits are characterized by δ18O values of ca −6.5-6‰ and δ13C of ca −1‰. In the transitional time between the Late Glacial and the Holocene, δ18O systematically falls below −8‰, reflecting a substantial change in the isotopic composition of the lake water, likely caused by to inflow of melt water. During the Preboreal period the δ18O as well as the δ13C values systematically decrease and reach minima (−8.4-9.4‰ for δ18O and ca −3.5-4.7‰ for δ13C). At the beginning of the Boreal period, an increase of ca 2‰ in δ18O is noted and is associated with climatic warming. During the Atlantic period the varying trends in the δ18O record are likely connected with changing precipitation/evaporation ratios, causing changes in the isotope composition of the water. The fluctuations of the isotopic values in the upper parts of the successions probably point to shallowing of the lake due to sedimentary infill.

Local environmental boundaries play an important role in determining microclimate conditions affecting thermal-energy behavior of buildings. In this scenario, the purpose of the present work is to investigate how residential buildings are affected by different local microclimate conditions. To this aim, the continuous microclimate monitoring of (i) a rural area; (ii) a suburban area; and (iii) an urban area is carried out, and the comparative analysis of the different boundary conditions is performed. In particular, the effect of the presence of a large lake in the rural area on building energy demand for heating and cooling is evaluated, both in winter and summer. Coupled degree hour method and numerical analysis are performed in order to predict the energy requirement of buildings subject to local microclimate boundary conditions. The main results show higher air temperature and relative humidity values for the rural area. No significant mitigation effect due to the lake presence is found in urban and suburban areas because of the peculiar wind regime of the region. Additionally, the dynamic thermal-energy simulation shows a decrease of 14% and 25% in the heating consumption and an increase of 58% and 194% in cooling requirements of buildings situated in the rural area around the lake compared to the urban and suburban areas, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The free-floating aquatic plant Utricularia australis has typically subsurface shoots and subaerial showy inflorescences. To find it growing with large populations among benthic Chara stands at 4–6 m depth in two Central Italian lakes, is a phenomenon that was never previously reported. Production of showy chasmogamous flowers at this depth makes such finding yet increasingly intriguing. Here we make quantitative-qualitative comparisons of morphological characters among subaerial and underwater flowers taken from diverse sites in Central Italy. Environmental data were used to delineate differences between superficial and underwater habitats where flowering U. australis populations were found, and to help explain these extraordinary findings. Although similar, the subaerial and underwater flowers did show some differences, the most important being the length of the floral scape. Underwater scapes were around three times longer than those emerged. This might be a typical phototropic-response or a failed attempt to get flowers above water surface for allowing entomophilous pollination, or a redundant morpho-physiological trait as a result of a recent ecological move. Underwater flowers were generally smaller, but they did have longer styles, nectar signalling was less obvious, thinner petals, mucous-coated pollen (subaerial pollen is dry and grainy). Both types of flower were sterile, producing abortive fruits. Possibility of underwater ecological conditions causing stress-induced flowering is also proposed. A lack of water movement is an important ecological requirement for U. australis growth and could explain why large populations have been found in deep water far from its typical habitat. • Utricularia australis large benthic populations found at 4–6 m depth at the first time. • Surprising production of U. australis showy chasmogamous flowers at this depth. • Morphological differences among U. australis typical emerged and underwater flowers. • Underwater inflorescences had longer scapes and flowers smaller and longer styles. • They had thinner petals, nectar signalling less obvious and mucous-not grainy pollen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Quaternary overburden of Bełchatów outcrop contains five glaciolacustrine units. The three most widespread are presented. They originated during the advance of the Sanian (=Elsterian), Odranian (=Drenthian) and Wartanian (=Warthian) ice sheets. The following lake environments are distinguished: lake-bottom plain, tectonically active subaqueous slope, subaqueous fan, terminoglacial subaqueous fan and prodelta fan. The lakes formed under changing conditions; the most significant tectonic activity of the graben took place during the Odranian and the lake deposits from this glaciation represent terminoglacial conditions. The Wartanian lake deposits are the only ones that show a shallow-water facies that has not been eroded, because it has not been overridden by an ice sheet. Sedimentation conditions changed during the succeeding glaciations. Endogenic factors affecting sedimentation (i.e. tectonic activity of the graben) complemented some exogenic controls, such as the distance from the ice sheet, the thermal conditions of the lake, and the type of sediment supply. Tectonics changed the style of deposition so much that the lakes, although situated in a lowland area, displayed characteristics of deep valleys. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The distribution of stable isotopes (18O and 13C) and radiocarbon in organic materials, carbonates and water samples collected from the environment of lacustrine sediments in Gosciąż Lake (Central Poland) and Wigry Lake (NE Poland) were investigated. The oxygen and carbon isotopic analysis of terrestrial semi submerged and submerged plants, shells and water samples were compared with the results of the uppermost sediments from lakes. It was found that the concentration of isotopes in different components of organic and carbonate materials in lakes and their environments are reflected in isotope composition averaging of lakes sediments, whereas the isotope composition of plants and carbonate depends on biogeochemical factors. The research carried out revealed significant variations in the distribution of the stable isotopes and 14C in different elements of lacustrine ecosystem. We have analyzed mean values and variations of 14C concentration, ◻18O, ◻13C of plants, carbonates and the relationship between the total content of carbon and ◻13C. In the case of plants, the isotope composition depends also on the physiognomy and the photosynthesis pathway. We noticed variations in ◻13C and ◻18O within plant tissues, variations in ◻13C among whole tissue material and alpha-cellulose, carbon isotopic composition of photosynthetically fixed carbon and syntaxonomic dependences and then we compared the results of isotope composition of plants and carbonates in Wigry Lake and Gośeciąż Lake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systemic analyses have been carried out in this paper to the paleolake shorelines, paleolake sediments and paleoclimatic proxies of 20 lakes, in which there were 12 kaBP dating data on the Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the paleolake level had apparently risen during 14-11 kaBP, the glaciers melting period, in the Tibetan area and Northwest China. Especially, much more increasing amplitude supplied by thawy glaciers water occurred than in the best period of Holocene. The temperate-humid climate around 12 kaBP appeared in the Tibetan area and even in the whole China. This event may be compared with the Bolling/Allerod warm period which was reflected by Europe and Greenland ice core records. It showed that the B/A event was not a regional one in the North Atlantic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) plays a key role in the environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in lake environment. However, less is known about the occurrence, compositions and sources of SPM-bound PAHs as well as the correlations between SPM-bound PAHs and different suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) on large geographical scale. In this study, we focused on the SPM-bound PAHs in 46 lakes and reservoirs across China to fill this gap. Our results showed that the concentrations of Σ 20 PAHs ranged from 334 to 38427 ng·g−1 with a geometric mean (GM) of 3915 ng·g−1. The occurrence of SPM-bound PAHs in this study was at a moderate level with large variations, which was associated with location and water depth according to linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Phenanthrene (Phe) was investigated as the overwhelming species with a GM of 1777 ng·g−1, and was followed by fluoranthene (Fla), fluorene (Flu) and pyrene (Pyr) with GMs of 499 ng·g−1, 276 ng·g−1 and 184 ng·g−1, respectively. The profiles of SPM-bound PAHs were primarily dominated by low-ring PAHs ranging from 56.0% to 97.1% (85.5% ± 7.7%, mean ± standard deviation). Four diagnostic ratios were applied for preliminary diagnoses, but inconsistent results were obtained in most samples. Ridge regression was applied to ascertain the potential influences of different SPOM on SPM-bound PAHs. The results revealed that the presence of SPM-bound PAHs was not only influenced by anthropogenic emissions, but also associated with biogenic organic matter. Our results provided a higher explanation than those just preliminarily estimated by total organic carbon (TOC). Nevertheless, there still exist over 50% of variance unexplained for most PAHs, and further study could focus more on the information of SPOM structures and potential local effects. Unlabelled Image • SPM-bound PAHs in lakes and reservoirs across China were studied. • The occurrence of SPM-bound PAHs was location- and water depth-dependent. • SPM-bound PAH profiles in lakes and reservoirs were primarily dominated by low-ring PAHs. • The presence of SPM-bound PAHs was highly associated with anthropogenic emissions. • Significantly positive correlations between PAHs and biogenic SPOM were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) plays a connective role in global biogeochemical carbon cycles and energy flows in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the occurrence and source of SPOM in lake environment and their driving factors across nationwide scale. Here, we utilize the molecular markers of n -alkanes and their fingerprints in 46 typical lakes and reservoirs with different water depths across China from both sides of the Hu Line to study this issue. Σ 29 n -alkanes, Σ biogenic n -alkanes and Σ anthropogenic n -alkanes ranged from 104.8 to 10332 ng·L−1, from 88.5 to 4843 ng·L−1, and from 16.2 to 5488 ng·L−1, respectively. Their occurrences were only associated with water depth. Then, we compared the differences of carbon-chain distribution of both biogenic and anthropogenic n -alkanes and related proxies in different lake groups. The profiles of different biogenic and anthropogenic n -alkanes posed large differences in different lake groups. Finally, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was applied to test the possible effects of geographical location and water depth on the holistic differences of SPOM in different lakes and reservoirs across China. The results illustrated that both geographical location and water depth were important driving factors for the holistic differences of SPOM in different lakes and reservoirs across China. Intensive anthropogenic activities narrowed the differences between shallow and deep lakes in eastern China. In conclusion, this study provided new insights into the driving factor analysis of SPOM in lakes and reservoirs on large scale. Unlabelled Image • N -alkane fingerprints revealed the differences of SPOM in lake environment. • The profiles of SPOM varied in different lakes and reservoirs across China. • Geographical location and water depth are important driving factors. • Intensive anthropogenic activities narrowed the SPOM differences between shallow and deep lakes in eastern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To utilize woody waste for the inhibition of harmful algae, we examined the growth inhibitory activities of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) bark powder against Microcystis aeruginosa, which is a cyanobacteria species that causes algal blooms in lake or pond areas. The growth of M. aeruginosa was inhibited by the direct mixing of sugi bark powder into media in flasks. The inhibitory activity against M. aeruginosa was decreased when the bark underwent organic solvent extractions. Thus, the inhibitory activity was promoted by the extract components. After solvent extraction, the bark maintained a level of inhibitory activity suggestive of both chemical and physical effects. These results show that the growth of M. aeruginosa can be suppressed by directly using sugi bark with no extraction treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bølling-Allerød complex shows climatic heterogeneity and includes cold events. • Deglaciation passed 3 cold (GS-2a, GI-1d, GS-1) and 2 warm periods (GI-1e, GI-1a-c) • Traces of cold oscillation (GI-1b) within the Allerød were found. This study presents the results and interpretations of biological (floral and faunal) and geochemical (isotopic and chemical element composition) investigations of the Late Glacial and Holocene sediment accumulated in the Kaniewo palaeolake. These data allowed us to determine the indicators of environmental changes in this lake ecosystem, such as zooplankton and vegetation development, trophic state, water temperature, and water level. We documented the three cold periods (Oldest, Older, and Younger Dryas) separated by two warm periods (Bølling, Allerød). Additionally, we found traces of cold oscillations within the Allerød, lasting approximately 150 years, probably the Intra-Allerød-Gerzensee oscillation, recorded in western and southern Europe. Our data show that sediment accumulation began at the end of the Oldest Dryas period before ca. 13,900 yr cal BP. The top of the studied sediments represented the transition from the Late Glacial to the early Holocene (Preboreal period, ca.10,500 yr cal BP). The lithology of the sediments changed from silty sands at the bottom, then calcareous detritus gyttja partially interbedded by lake marl to peat at the top. Organic matter occurring in the deposits reflects algae and terrestrial sources. In the cold periods, small number of both Cladocera individuals and species (e.g. Bosmina (E.) longispina , Chydorus sphaericus , Alona affinis), corroborate the unfavourable conditions for the development of zooplankton. Cladocera species indicated the initial oligotrophic status of the lake and the subsequent increase in trophic status. Plant and animal macrofossils indicate initial shallow lake ecosystem. Chara meadow developed at the bottom of the lake with a belt of vascular plants (Carex sp., Hippuris vulgaris , Scirpus sp.) in the littoral zone of the lake. Rich shallow vegetation was accompanied by animals, such as Mollusca (e.g. Valvata piscinalis, Pisidium obtusale, Bithynia tentaculata) and Oribatidae sp., Cristatella mucedo , and Plumatella type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Response of Lake Environment to Climatic Changes on The Tibetan Plateau,Western China," by Li Shijie, Jaing Yongjian, and Luo Rongqin is presented.