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9. Ethnic differences in the characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer in the Te Manawa Taki region of New Zealand.

Author

Nguyen, Ha, Lao, Chunhuan, Keenan, Rawiri, Laking, George, Elwood, Mark, McKeage, Mark, Wong, Janice, Aitken, Denise, Chepulis, Lynne, and Lawrenson, Ross

Subjects
ETHNIC groups, T-test (Statistics), RESEARCH funding, LOGISTIC regression analysis, SEX distribution, SMOKING, EARLY detection of cancer, POPULATION geography, REPORTING of diseases, CHI-squared test, AGE distribution, LUNG tumors, CANCER patient psychology, COMPARATIVE studies, TUMOR classification, PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, DISEASE incidence, COMORBIDITY, SOCIAL isolation, SYMPTOMS
Abstract

Background: Māori have three times the mortality from lung cancer compared with non‐Māori. The Te Manawa Taki region has a population of 900 000, of whom 30% are Māori. We have little understanding of the factors associated with developing and diagnosing lung cancer and ethnic differences in these characteristics. Aims: To explore the differences in the incidence and characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer between Māori and non‐Māori. Methods: Patients were identified from the regional register. Incidence rates were calculated based on population data from the 2013 and 2018 censuses. The patient and tumour characteristics of Māori and non‐Māori were compared. The analysis used Χ2 tests and logistic models for categorical variables and Student t tests for continuous variables. Results: A total of 4933 patients were included, with 1575 Māori and 3358 non‐Māori. The age‐standardised incidence of Māori (236 per 100 000) was 3.3 times higher than that of non‐Māori. Māori were 1.3 times more likely to have an advanced stage of disease and 1.97 times more likely to have small cell lung cancer. Māori were more likely to have comorbidities, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. They also had higher levels of social deprivation and tended to be younger, female and current smokers. Conclusions: The findings point to the need to address barriers to early diagnosis and the need for system change including the need to introduce a lung cancer screening focussing on Māori. There is also the need for preventive programmes to address comorbidities that impact lung cancer outcomes as well as a continued emphasis on creating a smoke‐free New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. In vivo tumour perfusion studies using positron emission tomography : relevance and implications for quality assurance

Author

Laking, George Robert

Subjects
616.99407575
Abstract

Using [¹⁵O]-water pet it is possible to estimate tumour vascular physiological parameters including blood flow and the volume of distribution of water. My project investigated the way in which vascular physiology could be modified by anticancer treatments of (1) cytostatic and (2) cytotoxic nature. This thesis reports a series of studies using positron emission tomography (pet) and water labelled with radioactive oxygen-15. I also report some results with the tracers [¹⁵O]-carbon monoxide, [¹¹c]-thymidine and [11c]-bicarbonate. In practice, the studies revealed unanticipated potential for error in the methods used. Therefore this thesis has focused in large part on quality assurance of [¹⁵O]-water pet methods as used by the clinician researcher.

Published
2008

20. 'Run out of puff': Survey of techniques to quit nicotine vaping

Author

Walker, Natalie, Bullen, Christopher, Lang, Bodo, Parag, Varsha, Nosa, Vili, Laking, George, Kemper, Joya, Brown, Jamie, Shahab, Lion, Palmer, Amanda, and Rahimi, Mehdi

Subjects
Medicine and Health Sciences, Public Health
Abstract

The New Zealand (NZ) government quickly identified the role e-cigarettes (ECs) have as a reduced-harm product to help smokers switch away from tobacco. ECs are included as an option in NZs smoking cessation treatment guidelines, and clear messaging regarding their use is promoted by NZ health authorities (https://vapingfacts.health.nz). The first ECs delivered nicotine at similar levels to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products, but with rapid product innovation, new pod-based devices using nicotine salts deliver nicotine at levels comparable to that of smoked tobacco. Given the long-term health effects of EC use remain uncertain and that not vaping (use of an EC) or smoking is ideal from a public health perspective, it’s important to offer support to people who wish to switch from ECs to no product use. However, little evidence exists on the best way to support people to move away from ECs, and no data exists for NZ. We have therefore designed a survey to collect information from vapers and ex-vapers about enablers and barriers to becoming vape-free.

Published
2022
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22. The impact of COVID-19 on lung cancer detection, diagnosis and treatment for Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand

Author

Gurney, Jason K, Dunn, Alex, Liu, Michelle, Mako, Michelle, Millar, Elinor, Ruka, Myra, Crengle, Sue, Dawkins, Paul, Jackson, Christopher, Laking, George, and Sarfati, Diana

Subjects
Uncategorized
Abstract

AIM: The purpose of this article is to examine disparities in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to lung cancer diagnosis and access to clinical services between Māori and non-Māori. METHODS: Using national-level data, we examined age-standardised lung cancer registrations, diagnostic procedures (bronchoscopy) and lung surgeries separately by ethnic group for the years 2018-2020, as well as patterns of stage of diagnosis. RESULTS: We found a trend toward a reduction in rates of lung cancer registration in Māori (but not non-Māori/non-Pacific) New Zealanders in 2020 compared to 2018 and 2019, but no apparent shift in the distribution of stage at diagnosis. We found a trend toward a reduction in rates of bronchoscopy for both Māori and non-Māori/non-Pacific patients, with the largest reduction observed for Māori. Rates of lung cancer surgery appeared to have reduced for Māori patients, although this was based on a small number of procedures. CONCLUSIONS: We observed disparities between Māori and non-Māori/non-Pacific patients in lung cancer registration and bronchoscopy as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2022
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25. Prescribed exercise regimen versus usual care and hypochlorous acid wound solution versus placebo for treating venous leg ulcers : Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (Factorial4VLU)

Author

Jull, Andrew, Wadham, Angela, Bullen, Chris, Parag, Varsha, Parsons, John G.M., Laking, George, Waters, Jill, Klonizakis, Markos, O'Brien, Jane, Jull, Andrew, Wadham, Angela, Bullen, Chris, Parag, Varsha, Parsons, John G.M., Laking, George, Waters, Jill, Klonizakis, Markos, and O'Brien, Jane

Abstract

Introduction Compression is the mainstay of treatment for venous leg ulcers (VLUs) and there are few effective adjuvant treatments. There is only observational evidence supporting the use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as a topical wound solution on VLU and some limited randomised evidence for the effect of a prescribed regimen of exercise. Methods and analysis The Factorial4VLU trial is a pragmatic, blinded, factorial randomised controlled trial, with 380 participants receiving either a prescribed exercise regimen compared with usual care and either active HOCl wound solution or placebo wound solution at each dressing change for up to 24 weeks. All participants will receive compression therapy. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants with healed VLU at 12 weeks after randomisation as adjudicated by blinded review of ulcer photographs. Secondary outcomes are proportion healed at 24 weeks, time to healing, estimated change in ulcer area, change in 2-Minute Walk Test, change in health-related quality of life, incidence of infection and incidence of all-cause adverse events. If either of the interventions shows a statistically significant positive difference on healing outcomes, cost-effectiveness will be modelled using a health service perspective. Ethics and dissemination The Factorial4VLU trial received ethical approval from the Northern B Health and Disability Ethics Committee. We plan to publish the results within 1 year of trial completion and will include the results on the trial registration page. Trial registration numbers Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (http://www.anzctr.org.au) (ACTRN12620000116921); Universal Trial Number (WHO) (U1111-1236-2997).

Published
2021

29. Prescribed exercise regimen versus usual care and hypochlorous acid wound solution versus placebo for treating venous leg ulcers: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (Factorial4VLU)

Author

Jull, Andrew, primary, Wadham, Angela, additional, Bullen, Chris, additional, Parag, Varsha, additional, Parsons, John G M, additional, Laking, George, additional, Waters, Jill, additional, Klonizakis, Markos, additional, and O'Brien, Jane, additional

Published
2021
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30. Lessons from Cyclone Gabrielle: 5 key health priorities for future disaster response.

Author

Thorpe, Holly, Langridge, Fiona, Laking, George, and McCool, Judith

Subjects
EXTREME weather, CLIMATE change, SLEEP interruptions, TROPICAL cyclones, EMERGENCY management, VOLUNTEER service
Abstract

A recently published report highlights the lessons learned from the impacts of Cyclone Gabrielle in the South-west Pacific and northern New Zealand in 2023. The report emphasizes five key health priorities for future disaster response. These priorities include prioritizing vulnerable people, investing in mental health support and trauma recovery, ensuring medical supplies can reach remote areas, resource and coordinating local support networks, and shifting resources and building common will for climate action. The report emphasizes the importance of community connections, trust, and relationships in climate change resilience and recovery. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

31. Screening for anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) gene rearrangements in non‐small‐cell lung cancer in New Zealand

Author

McKeage, Mark J., primary, Tin Tin, Sandar, additional, Khwaounjoo, Prashannata, additional, Sheath, Karen, additional, Dixon‐McIver, Amanda, additional, Ng, Daniel, additional, Sullivan, Richard, additional, Cameron, Laird, additional, Shepherd, Philip, additional, Laking, George R., additional, Kingston, Nicola, additional, Strauss, Magreet, additional, Lewis, Christopher, additional, Elwood, Mark, additional, and Love, Donald R., additional

Published
2020
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45. Lung cancer mutation testing: a clinical retesting study of agreement between a real-time PCR and a mass spectrometry test

Author

Shepherd, Phillip, primary, Sheath, Karen L., additional, Tin, Sandar Tin, additional, Khwaounjoo, Prashannata, additional, Aye, Phyu S., additional, Li, Angie, additional, Laking, George R., additional, Kingston, Nicola J., additional, Lewis, Christopher A., additional, Mark Elwood, J., additional, Love, Donald R., additional, and McKeage, Mark J., additional

Published
2017
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