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Indole alkaloids are a class of alkaloids enclosing a structural moiety of indole; numerous indole alkaloids also comprise isoprene groups and are thus named terpene indole or secologanin tryptamine alkaloids and have more than 4100 identified diverse compounds. Indole alkaloids are one of the main classes of alkaloids identified in several significant plant groups, mainly Catharanthus and Rauvolfia plants from Apocynaceae family. The pharmacological actions of these plants have been studied scientifically, with some undergoing clinical trials while others were already approved for medicinal use. This review aimed at the fundamental objective of summarizing the developed analytical methods for quantification of indole alkaloids obtained from plants and complete examination of their present quantification method, which may result in the identification of alternative method developments for the effective and accurate quantification of indole alkaloids by considering the green method. This systematic review was conducted from January 2006 to June 2022, using electronic databases like PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. Several studies in the literature have been reported for quantitative estimation of indole alkaloids using different techniques including the spectrophotometric methods, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Most of the studies reported HPLC analysis for quantification. This review will offer a greater understanding of the available methods to develop a more precise and sensitive quantification method for indole alkaloids with the cost-effectiveness that is expected to emerge in line with clinical usage and to promote the development of the pharmaceutical industry for routine quality control analysis.

Modern batteries are highly complex devices. The cells contain many components—which in turn all have many variations, both in terms of chemistry and physical properties. A few examples: the active materials making the electrodes are coated on current collectors using solvents, binders and additives; the multicomponent electrolyte, contains salts, solvents, and additives; the electrolyte can also be a solid ceramic, polymer or a glass material; batteries also contain a separator, which can be made of glass fibres, polymeric, ceramic, composite, etc. Moving up in scale all these components are assembled in cells of different formats and geometries, coin cells and Swagelok cells for funamental testing and understanding, and pouch, prismatic and cylindrical cells for application. Given this complexity dictated by so many components and variations, there is no wonder that addressing the crucial issue of true sustainability is an extremely challenging task. How can we make sure that each component is sustainable? How can the performance can be delivered using more sustainable battery components? What actions do we need to take to address battery sustainability properly? How do we actually qualify and quantify the sustainability in the best way possible? And perhaps most importantly; how can we all work—academia and battery industry together—to enable the latter to manufacture more sustainable batteries for a truly cleaner future? This Roadmap assembles views from experts from academia, industry, research institutes, and other organisations on how we could and should achieve a more sustainable battery future. The palette has many colours: it discusses the very definition of a sustainable battery, the need for diversification beyond lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the importance of sustainability assessments, the threat of scarcity of raw materials and the possible impact on future manufacturing of LIBs, the possibility of more sustainable cells by electrode and electrolyte chemistries as well as manufacturing, the important role of new battery chemistries, the crucial role of AI and automation in the discovery of the truly sustainable batteries of the future and the importance of developimg a circular battery economy.