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13. An Overview of Surface Modifications of Titanium and its Alloys for Biomedical Applications.

Author

Sharan, Jitendra, Lale, Shantanu V., Koul, Veena, Mishra, Monu, and Kharbanda, O. P.

Subjects
*TITANIUM, *TITANIUM alloys, *CORROSION resistance, *CORROSION & anti-corrosives, *BIOMATERIALS
Abstract

Currently titanium and its alloys are the metal of choice in medical and dental applications due to their improved mechanical and chemical properties like excellent corrosion resistance, high specific strength and light weight. In this review, the literature was screened for studies on various aspects of surface modifications techniques (mechanical, physical, chemical, biological and any combinations) for titanium and its alloys to make it more biocompatible for biomedical applications. Technical aspects of such techniques and their modifications are being discussed along with the surface features of the modified titanium alloys. Using appropriate surface modification method, it is possible to expand the arena of biomedical application of titanium and its alloys for long term uses while retaining the most of the desired features which make it a clinical success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015

14. Development of lyophilization cycle and effect of excipients on the stability of catalase during lyophilization.

Author

Lale, Shantanu V., Goyal, Monu, and Bansal, Arvind K.

Subjects
*FREEZE-drying, *CRYOBIOLOGY, *PROTEIN stability, *AMINO acids, *SOLVENTS, *CATALASE
Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to screen excipients such as amino acids and non-aqueous solvents for their stabilizing effect on catalase, a model protein, for lyophilization. The present study also includes optimization of lyophilization cycle for catalase formulations, which is essential from the commercial point of view, since lyophilization is an extremely costly process. Materials and Methods: Activity of catalase was determined using catalase activity assay. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine eutectic melting temperature of the frozen catalase solution, which is essential for the optimization of lyophilization cycle. Results: When catalase was lyophilized without excipients, it was found that about 65-78% of the initial activity of catalase was lost during the lyophilization process in a concentration dependent manner. The maximum stability of catalase during lyophilization was observed at pH 7.0. Amino acids like alanine, glycine, lysine, serine and 4-hydroxy proline showed strong stabilizing effect on catalase during lyophilization by protecting catalase activity above 95%, whereas valine and cysteine hydrochloride showed destabilizing effect on catalase. Non-aqueous solvents such as dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200, PEG 400, PEG 600 and ethylene glycol also showed destabilizing effect on catalase during lyophilization. Conclusions: In order to prevent loss of catalase activity during lyophilization of catalase, use of amino acids like alanine, glycine, lysine, serine and 4-hydroxy proline in optimum concentration is highly advisable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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15. AS1411 aptamer and folic acid functionalized pH-responsive ATRP fabricated pPEGMA-PCL-pPEGMA polymeric nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy

Author

Veena Koul, Shantanu V. Lale, Aswathy R G, Athulya Aravind, D. Sakthi Kumar, Lale, Shantanu V, Aswathy, RG, Aravind, Athulya, Kumar, D Sakthi, and Koul, Veena

Subjects
Polymers and Plastics, Biocompatibility, Cell Survival, Surface Properties, Bioengineering, Antineoplastic Agents, Apoptosis, Biocompatible Materials, Methacrylate, targeted drug delivery, Cell Line, Polymerization, Biomaterials, epithelial cancer cells, chemistry.chemical_compound, Structure-Activity Relationship, Drug Delivery Systems, Folic Acid, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Copolymer, Humans, Doxorubicin, Particle Size, Cell Proliferation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Molecular Structure, Aptamers, Nucleotide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Combinatorial chemistry, polymeric nanoparticles, chemistry, Targeted drug delivery, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, MCF-7 Cells, Nanoparticles, nanoparticles, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Caprolactone, Ethylene glycol, Protein adsorption, medicine.drug
Abstract

Nonspecificity and cardiotoxicity are the primary limitations of current doxorubicin chemotherapy. To minimize side effects and to enhance bioavailability of doxorubicin to cancer cells, a dual-targeted pH-sensitive biocompatible polymeric nanosystem was designed and developed. An ATRP-based biodegradable triblock copolymer, poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)-poly(caprolactone)-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (pPEGMA-PCL-pPEGMA), conjugated with doxorubicin via an acid-labile hydrazone bond was synthesized and characterized. Dual targeting was achieved by attaching folic acid and the AS1411 aptamer through EDC-NHS coupling. Nanoparticles of the functionalized triblock copolymer were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method, resulting in an average particle size of ∼140 nm. The biocompatibility of the nanoparticles was evaluated using MTT cytotoxicity assays, blood compatibility studies, and protein adsorption studies. In vitro drug release studies showed a higher cumulative doxorubicin release at pH 5.0 (∼70%) compared to pH 7.4 (∼25%) owing to the presence of the acid-sensitive hydrazone linkage. Dual targeting with folate and the AS1411 aptamer increased the cancer-targeting efficiency of the nanoparticles, resulting in enhanced cellular uptake (10-and 100-fold increase in uptake compared to single-targeted NPs and non-targeted NPs, respectively) and a higher payload of doxorubicin in epithelial cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and PANC-1), with subsequent higher apoptosis, whereas a normal (noncancerous) cell line (L929) was spared from the adverse effects of doxorubicin. The results indicate that the dual-targeted pH-sensitive biocompatible polymeric nanosystem can act as a potential drug delivery vehicle against various epithelial cancers such as those of the breast, ovary, pancreas, lung, and others. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Published
2014

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