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This study explores the instructional leadership (IL) role of primary school principals in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this study was to examine the practices of primary school principal’s role as instructional leader. The main research questions of the study were to find out what roles principal’s play as instructional leader in primary schools; Identify how primary school principal fulfill his/her instructional leadership role? And which activities do principals as instructional leaders engage in promoting the education of students and upgrading the pedagogy of teachers in primary schools. The multiple case study method was used in the current study. Accordingly, Semi-structured interview, focus group discussion, observation and document analyses were used as data collecting tools. As the study sample four principals, and four teachers were selected using purposive sampling for interviews. The study found that all principals in the sample experienced in implementing instructional leadership roles. Also, the study shows that the traditional role of principals as school leaders has been changed to instructional leaders. All the primary school principals mentioned that they implement innovative methodologies to overcome challenges that they face when implementing instructional leadership roles in their schools. Also the study found that a significsnt attention was paid on instructional supervision, giving feedback on instruction, provision of instructional materials and incentives for teaching and learning and protection of instructional time by primary schools principals as instructional leaders. The study further revealed that the opportunities available for primary school principals to acquire leadership training at an appropriate stage in their career are limited. It was further revelaed that Irrespective of education Zone the management of curriculum and instructional programs is a shared responsibility of principals and teachers in schools. However, principals should engage in all the roles related to instructional leadership in order to promote effective teaching and learning and thereby transform the school as an organisation into an environment where teachers and students reach their full potential. Therefore it is recommended that the primary school principals need to be trained in school management and leadership in order to be further competent as instructional leaders in primary schools in Sri Lanka.

Due to its intricacy, dermatology presents the most challenging and uncertain terrain for diagnosis. Skin conditions like Carcinoma and Melanoma are frequently very challenging to identify in the early stages and are much more challenging to define independently. The use of pattern recognition models to automate detection has been studied by a number of writers. This research describes a novel Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) for Skin Disease Detection. The photographs of skin would undergo processing to remove unwanted noise as well as to improve the photos. The performance of classification will be greatly impacted by the pixel values of a picture. The picture is classified using the softmax classifier method by feature extraction utilising DCCN, and a diagnosis report is produced as the result. In comparison to more classic approaches like KNN (K-Nearest Neighbour) and CNN, this methodology will provide results faster and with improved accuracy, precision, and recall. With a detection time of 10,000 milliseconds, DCNN achieved accuracy, precision, and recall percentages of 98.4%, 96.3%, and 97.2%, respectively.

The growth of microblogging sites such as Biomedical, biomedical, defect, or bug databases makes it difficult for web users to share and express their context identification of sequential key phrases and their categories on text clustering applications. In the traditional document classification and clustering models, the features associated with TREC texts are more complex to analyze. Finding relevant feature-based key phrase patterns in the large collection of unstructured documents is becoming increasingly difficult, as the repository's size increases. The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a new hierarchical document clustering framework on a large TREC data repository. A document feature selection and clustered model are used to identify and extract MeSH related documents from TREC biomedical clinical benchmark datasets. Efficiencies of the proposed model are indicated in terms of computational memory, accuracy, and error rate, as demonstrated by experimental results.

Health care prosperity is the most challenging task for human being in the present dangerous COVID scenario and the discovery proposes an augmented reality based personalized smart diet assistance system which provides diet recommendations, appropriate time, type, quantity and method of consumption of a food item diet based on user health parameters based on location and event activities. The augmented reality based system comprises a user data input, an image processing, food consumption assistance, transmissible disease information retrieval and diet planning modules. The system incorporates an AI based camera to scan a food item before or after cooking and utilizes augmented reality to indicate the nutritional information. The proposed system provides personalized diet recommendations to the user based on personal data such as height, weight, existing medical conditions and thereof of a user. The system retrieves existing transmissible diseases data from world health organizations and data from news articles about any viral infections or diseases to suggest immunity boosting foods to the user to thereby safeguard the user against such diseases or infections.

Consider the (p,q) simple connected graph . The sum absolute values of the spectrum of quotient matrix of a graph make up the graph's quotient energy. The objective of this study is to examine the quotient energy of identity graphs and zero-divisor graphs of commutative rings using group theory, graph theory, and applications. In this study, the identity graphs derived from the group and a few classes of zero-divisor graphs of the commutative ring R are examined.

The urease enzyme activity in different polluted and control soils in Warangal city were analyzed during 2014 -2015. The minimum and maximum urease enzyme levels were 0.15 to 114 µg/g in the near Kumarpally sewage canal, while this range was 0.10 to 1.10 mg/L in the soils amended with dairy industry waste water flooded soil. The minimum and maximum range of urease enzyme activity was 0.21 to 1.13 µg/g in industrial estate waste water flooded soil. The urease enzyme activity range in soil amended with tannery industry waste water flooded soil was 0.10 to 1.12 µg/g, while the range of activity was 0.17 to 1.2 µg/g in control soils. Key words: Urease, Polluted soil, Warangal, Telangana REFERENCES Barush, m. And R.R Mishra (1984). Dehydrogenase and urease activities in rice field soils. Soils Biol. Biochem., 16:423-424. Bremner, J.M. and L.A. Douglas (1971). Inhibition of urease activity in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem., 3: 297-307. Bronger, A. And T. Heinkele (1989). Micro-morophology and genesis of paleosols in the Luochuan locus section. China: peolostriatigraphic and environmental implications, Geoderma. 45: 123-143. Burns, R. G., A. H. Pukite and A.D. Mc laren (1972). Concerning the location and persistence of soil urease. Soil sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 36 : 308-311. Burns, R.G. (1978). Soil Enzymes, Academic press, New York. Chen, S.K., C.A. Edwards and S. Subler (2001). Amicrocosm approach for evaluating the effect of the fungicides benomyl and captan on soil ecological processes and plant growth. Applied soil ecology, 18: 69-82. Jezierska-Tys, S. And M. Frac (2009). Impact of dairy sewage sludge on enzymatic activity and inorganic nitrogen concentration in the soils. International Agrophysics, 23: 31-37. Kizilkaya, R. And B. Bayrakli (2005) Effects of N-enriched sewage sludge on soil enzyme activities. Appl. Soil Ecol., 30: 192-202. Moe, P.G. 1967). Nitrogen losses from urease affected by altering soil urease activity in soil. Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 31: 380-382. Sateesh Pujari, & Estari Mamidala. (2015). Anti-diabetic activity of Physagulin-F isolated from Physalis angulata fruits. The American Journal of Science and Medical Research, 1(2), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352308 Nannipieri, P., B. Ceccanti, S. Cervelli and E. Matarese (1980). Extraction of Phosphatase, Urease, Protease, Organic Carbon, and Nitrogen from soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44 : 1001 – 1016. Pancholy, S.K. and E.L. Rice (1973). Soil enzymes in relation to old field succession amylase, cellulase, invertase, dehydrogenase and urease. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 37: 47-50. Retallack, G.J. (1990). Soils of the past an introduction to plactopedology, Harper Collins, London. Sheela, M.a., R. Shanmugasundaram and M.D. Sundaram (2003). Change in dehydrogenase enzyme activity of the Ash pond of Neyveli thermal power plant. Indian J. Environ. And Ecoplan., 7: 423-426. Zantua, M.I. and J. M. Bremner (1975). Preservation of soil samples for easy of urease activity. Soil Biol. Biochem., 7 : 297- 299. Zantua, M.I. and J.m. Bremner (1976). Comparision of method of assaying urease activity in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem., 8 : 369-374 Zantua, M.J., L.C. Dumenil and J.M. Bremner (1977). Relationship between soil urease activity and other soil properties. Soil Sci. Soc., 46 : 350-352. Zantua, M.J., L.C. Dumenil and J.M. Bremner (1997). Relationship between soil urease activity and other soil properties. Soil properties. Soil Sci. Soc., 46 : 350-352.

The characterization of sewage irrigated soils in Warangal city, was undertaken during July 2014 to June 2015. Various physico chemical and biological characteristics were assessed and analyzed to understand the pollution in the soil. Soil colour varied from light red to dark brown. The field capacity, % of pore space, conductivity was maximum during winter. The pH range was 7.0 to 7.5 slight alkaline natures. The chemical characters like total alkalinity, chlorides, phosphorus, nitrates, sulphates were maximum during summer. The maximum organic matter percentage in sewage sample is 7.66%. Marginal variation in the chemical constituents were recorded between sewage irrigated and control soils. The heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Mn, Zn, Pb, Co, Cu) concentrations were very meager in these soils. In sewage irrigated soils, the bacterial populations were maximum during March and April. Key words: Sewage Irrigated Soils, Physico Chemical and Biological Characterization, Heavy Metals. REFERENCES Anderson, A. and Nilsson K.O. 1973 Enrichment of Trace elements from sewage sludge fertilizers in soils and plants. Ambio 1: 176-179. Bellakki M.A. and Badanur, UP 1998. Decomposition of organic residues by microbial activity. J. Indian Soc. Sci. 46:176-180. Bhanu Prakash, U.H. Ramakrishna, V R., Rashmi MA, 2010 . Heavy metals contamination in soils of periuban Bangalore iriigated with sewage and industrial effluents. J Soil Crop 20(1):10-15. Bhardwaj A, Singh R, Agarwal A K Singh S, 2007. Comparative efficacy of compost and vermi compost of physico chemical characteristics of salt effect soils Flora Fauna , 13 335-339. Brady N C 1995 The nature and properties of soils p.253-277.Prentice Hall.IndiaPvt.Ltd.,New Delhi. Bremner, J.M., and L.A. Douglas 1971. Inhibition of Urease Activity in Soils. Biol. Bio Chem. 3: 297-307. Broadbent ,F.E, Pall , D . and Aref, K 1977. Nitrification and De nitrification in soils receiving municipal water. In waste water renovation and reuse (ED frank, MD)P:321. Dermenderdashe, E L. S., Dahdohand Hascan, F.A. 1995. Sequential Extraction of nine trace elements from sludge amended soils, Fert. Res., 41: 77-85. Eaton, F.M. 1990. Significance of Carbonate in Irrigation waters. Soil. Sci 69:123-133. Jimenz, M.P. , Horra , A.M. and Palma, L.P.RM. 2002 Soil quality a new index based on microbiological and biochemical parameters. Biol and Fertility of soil, 35:302-306. Jeevan Rao, K., Vimaladevi Y.S.S. and Sreenivasa Raju ,. A 2003. Physical properties and elemental analysis of urban solid wastes of Hyderabad. Indian J. Environ. & Ecoplan, 7:543-548. Kulkarni, N. S. Jaiswal, J V., Bodhankar, M G. 2007. Influence of agro waste amendment on soil microbial population in relation to plant growth response. J. Environ. Biol, 28 :623-626. Lee, K.E. and Foster, R.C. 1991. Soil fauna and soil structure. Aust. J. Soil Res. 29: 745-755. Mudarsar Hassan Arsalan, AGIS 2004. Appraisal of Heavy metals concentration in soil. GIS @ Development, 8 : 113-116. Narwal R.P., A.P. Gupta, Singh A and. Karwasva, S.P.S. 1993. Composition of some city waste waters and their effect on soil characteristics. Ann Biol., 9: 239-245. Olaniya, M.S. 1998. Heavy metal pollution agricultural soil vegetation due to application of municipal solid waste – A case study, I.J. Environ Health 40 ; 160-168. Rao, P.S, Sreenivas, P.L, Prameela Devi Y, Lakshminarasu M. 2006. Screeing and preliminary characterization of a protease producing moderately holophilic Bacillns, sp. from solar salterna of water. J. Agri Biol. 21 : 129-133. Singh, V, Singh Chandel, C P 2006. Evaluate the quality of effluent irrigated soils from assorted farms of Jaipur city, Rajasthan. Pollut Res 25 : 867-870. Sharma, D.R. and Minhas, P.S., 2004, Soil properties and yields of upland crops on influenced by the long term use of waters having variable residual alkalinity, salinity and sodicity. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 52: 100. Sateesh Pujari, & Estari Mamidala. (2015). Anti-diabetic activity of Physagulin-F isolated from Physalis angulata fruits. The American Journal of Science and Medical Research, 1(2), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352308 Srinvias, B, Sastry, R S N. 2007. Quality of wet precipitation in the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad. J. Appl Geo Chem, 9 : 150-152. Trivedi, R.K., Goel, P.K. and Trisal C.L.1987. Practical methods in Ecology and Environmental Science. Environ media publications, KARAD (Iindia). Thomas, M, Devi Prasad, A.G. Hosmani, S,P. 2007. Physico chemical parameters and plankton communities in the wet land of Mysore district. J. Eco Toxic Envir Monit 77: 91-96. Yadav, K, Jha, K K, Prasad, C R and Sinha, L. 1989. Kinetics of carbon mineralization from poultry manured sewage sludge in two soils at field capacity and submergence moisture . J.Indian Soil Soc.37:240-243.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to findout the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed in city waste water of Khammam city Telangana. This water has different pollution parameters i.e., Organic pollutants like dissolved oxygen, bio-chemical oxygen and chemical oxygen demand,Free carbon dioxide, organic matter, In-organic pollutants-electrical conductivity, turbidity, pH , total alkalinity, chloride, etc.,Temperature range from 23oC to 33oCThe minimum and maximum pH range from 6.4 to 7.4. The minimum and maximum total alkalinity range from 42 mg/L to 154 mg/L, The minimum and maximum chloride from 136.9 to 278.9 mg/Lwere found. Eutrophic factors like phosphates, nitrates, nitrites were analyzed. The microbiological parameters, total coliform bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes colonies were also analyzed. Keywords: physical, Chemical, Microbial, Sewage waste water, Khammam REFERENCES APHA, AWAA, WPCF, 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washington D.C., USA. Balwinder Singh, S.P.S Bar and S.R. Bishons (1989). Quality of sewage waters of Punjab. Indian J. environ. Health, 31:262-266. Berrow, M.C. and J.Webber (1972). Trace elements in sewage waters. J.Sci. Forv. Agric.,, 23:93-100. Chona M.K 1990 Preliminary study in variation in quality of sewage at Chandigarh. Himalayan Envi Zoo, 4; 55-57. Chitra and Vittal 1989. Lingaiah, Estari Mamidala and P. Nagaraja Rao (2015). An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants extracts used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the Utnoor Mandal of Adilabad dist, Telangana, India. Biolife. 3(4); 937-945. DOI: 10.17812/blj.2015.3429 Chitra.R and B.P.R Vittal 1989 Fungi associated with raw and treated sewage in oxidation ponds and aerated lagoons,IndianEnuiron 31:363-366. Gautham, A, N.SinghandC.P.Juyal 1989 Chemical parameters and role of sewage as pollutant in river Bhagirathi at Utterkaghi (GarhwalHimalayas). J.Env.Zoo., 3:262-264. Gupta.B and S.Kumar 1991 self-purification of flowing sewage water of Aligarh polln.res. 10:209-2013. Khulbe R.D and A.Durgapal 1994 sewage mycoflora in relation to pollutants in Nainital, Kumaun Himalaya, pollu.Res 13:53-58. Manian.s.,Udaiyan and N.Subramanian 1991 Effect of municipal sewage on the bacteriological quality of the river Kaveri, Tamilnadu, ActaBotanica, Indica 19:162-167. Pandya.G ., U.Tuteja , A.M. Jam and K.M.Rao 1992 Prevalance of entero viruses in the sewage samples of Gwalior, Indian J.Environ. Hlth.34; 15-19. Selvan.V, V.Hariprasad., R.Mohan and Ramasubramaniam 1994. Diurnal variations in the water quality of sewage polluted Adyar Mangrove water east coast of India. Singh, K.R.,B.K.Mishra and G.Singh 1991 Water quality sewage drains entering Ganga at Patna. J.Mendel: 8:65-68 Sivakumar A A. Rajasree P V 2016Efficiency of water hyacinth in the removal of nutrients from polluted water of Coimbatore. J Aquacult Trop, 31(1-2, 85-9). Von Sperling. M., Chernicharo.C.A.L.(2002). Urban waste water treatment technologies and the implementation of discharge standards in developing countries. Urban water, 4 PP. 105-114. Wasay ., S.A and P.K Jain 1988 Heavy metals in raw sewage entering river Yamuna at Delhi and their treatment by natural poly electrolyte. J. Iustn. Bugors. (India) enviEngng 68:81-85.

The cellulose activity in different polluted and control soils in Warangal city are analyzed during June 2013 to May, 2014. The minimum and maximum cellulase enzyme levels were 10.13 mg/L to 26.32 mg/L in the near nayeem nagar sewage canal, while this range was 13.17mg/L to 29.12 mg/L in the soils amended with dairy industry waste water flooded soil. The minimum and maximum range of cellulose activity was 13.9 mg/L to 24.84 mg/L in aluminum industry waste water flooded soil. The cellulose enzyme activity range in soil amended with tannery industry waste water flooded soil was 10.91 mg/L to 16.5 mg/L, while the range of activity was 14.3 mg/L to 31.21 mg/L in control soils.&nbsp

Objective: the main intention of this research is to prepare a curcumin based herbal gel sanitizer by minimizing the alcoholic usage and to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of this herbal sanitizer. Methods: curcumin gel sanitizer was prepared from the ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa along with addition of gel base prepared from the combination of carbapol-940 and HPMC-E15. Results: The curcumin gel sanitizer was formulated and evaluated for its phytochemical constituents present in curcumin, detection of active constituent of curcumin which was majorly responsible for the anti-microbial activity through HPTLC, organoleptic properties, irritancy test and the efficiency of anti-bacterial activity of curcumin was also evaluated and it is safe and effective against pathogens. Conclusion: As a natural herb, curcumin which was a household ingredient could also be effectively formulated as a sanitizer that reduces the side effects of alcoholic sanitizer products and is a best source that acts effectively against a numerous pathogens. Keywords: curcumin, carbapol-940, Ethanolic extract, HPMC-E15 (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), HPTLC, Pathogens

School leadership has become very popular in the current educational discourse. Distributed leadership has been identified as one of the most important leadership practices in terms of enhancing the quality of teaching and learning since it involves many members of the school. Also, it has been found that the main purpose of distributed leadership is to create secondary level leaders within the school and thus give more opportunities for teachers to improve their leadership skills. This study focused on investigating the distributed leadership practices and their impact on teaching and learning in type 1C and type 2 schools in Sri Lanka. The objectives of this study were to identify how principals and teachers understand the concept of distributed leadership; how distributed leadership practices enhance teaching and learning; and what challenges principals and teachers face when devolving and practicing leadership responsibilities in their schools. Altogether 8 schools, 8 principals, 10 sectional heads, and 200 teachers were selected for the study. Both questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to gather the data necessary. The findings revealed that all the principals and a significant number of teachers in the type 1C and type two schools fully understood the concept of distributed leadership and have linked it with teaching and learning. The study further revealed that the distributed leadership practices contributed to enhancing the quality of teaching and learning in both types’ schools to some level. However, it was revealed from this study that a significant number of teachers and principals in both types’ schools face a number of challenges when practicing distributed leadership roles in their schools due to the major challenge of not having a collaborative working environment.

PurposeIn recent years, multiuser-multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO)-based wireless communication system has emerged as a prominent 5G technique that has several advantages over conventional MIMO systems such as high data rate and channel capacity. In this paper, the authors introduce a novel low-complexity radix factorization-based fast Fourier transform (FFT) as a multibeamformer and maximal likelihood-MU detection (ML-MUD) techniques as an optimal signal subdetector which results with considerable complexity reduction with intolerable error rate performance.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed radix-factorized FFT-multibeamforming (RF-FFT-MBF) architectures have the potential to reduce both hardware complexity and energy consumptions as compared to its state-of-the-art methods while meeting the throughput requirements of emerging 5G devices. Here through simulation results, the efficiency of the scaled ML subdetector system is compared with the conventional ML detectors.FindingsHere through simulation results, the efficiency of the scaled ML subdetector system is compared with the conventional ML detectors. Through experimental results, it is well proved that the proposed detector offers significant hardware and energy efficiency with the least possible error rate performance overhead.Originality/valueHere through simulation results, the efficiency of the scaled ML subdetector system is compared with the conventional ML detectors. Through experimental results, it is well proved that the proposed detector offers significant hardware and energy efficiency with the least possible error rate performance overhead.

Introduction: The spleen is a largest collection of lymphoid tissue with diverse hemopoietic and phagocytic function. Recent experimental data have clearly defined immunological functions of spleen in innate and adaptive immunity, as a frontline of host defense against various infections. A comprehensive knowledge of splenic anatomical variations and morphometric dimensions is crucial in deciphering the role of spleen in health & infirmity. Aim: The aim of the study is to perform detailed morphometric analysis human splenic specimens with relation to age & gender differences and compare the findings with earlier studies. Materials and Methods: The present study included 40 cadaveric spleen and morphometric features i.e., length, breadth, width and weight of spleen were measured. Results: The average splenic weight observed was 178.5 gm and range was 100 to 300 gm. The average length, breadth and width of spleen were 11.9 cm, 7.33 cm and 3.4 cm respectively. The average splenic volume in the present study was 167.27 cc. There was a significant increase in splenic volume till 40-49 years followed by steady decline. Conclusion: The awareness of the morphology and dimensions of the spleen is of fundamental importance to the hematologists, clinicians, radiologists, prosectors and surgeons while performing surgical procedures on spleen. Keywords: Spleen, Morphometric, Dimensions.