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1. Competitiveness and employment in the French cattle sectors

Author

Marc Moraine, Emmanuel Beguin, Christophe Perrot, Patrick Veysset, Vincent Chatellier, Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SFER, INRAE, CIRAD, Lallemant, Pascal, KALK, MURIELLE, Conception, modélisation et évaluation des systèmes d’élevage d’herbivores (COMETE), and VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Compétitivité, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing • Cooperatives • Agribusiness, Farms, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0211 other engineering and technologies, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets, Secteur bovin, 02 engineering and technology, 0502 economics and business, Commerce extérieur, Exploitations agricoles, 2. Zero hunger, Animal sectors, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], 05 social sciences, RICA, 021107 urban & regional planning, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade, [QFIN] Quantitative Finance [q-fin], Competitiveness, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Filières animales, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Foreign trade, France, FADN, Cattle sector
Abstract

In a context characterized by the existence of economic, social and environmental difficulties, this paper aims to present, in a synthetic way, a quantified inventory of the French cattle sector (milk and meat). It is based on the use of various sources of available information, including data from customs, the Farm Accounting Data Network and the Mutualité Sociale Agricole. The first two parts address the question of the dynamics of the dairy and beef markets (production, consumption and trade) by distinguishing successively between the external market (external competitiveness during the period 2000-2019) and the internal market (adequacy between supply and demand, end users of the products); a complementary analysis of the differentiation of supply makes it possible to address the place of the various signs of quality and new forms of commercial demarcation based on a reference to the territory. The last two parts deal with upstream players, focusing first on the competitiveness of French farms over the long term (1990-2018), then on jobs on farms (generational renewal, transformation of farm setting-up)., Dans un contexte caractérisé par l’existence de difficultés d’ordre économique, social et environnemental, cette communication a pour ambition de présenter, de façon synthétique, un état des lieux chiffré des secteurs bovins (lait et viande) français. Elle s’appuie pour ce faire sur l’utilisation de différentes sources d’informations disponibles, dont les données des douanes, du Réseau d’Information Comptable Agricole et de la Mutualité Sociale Agricole. Les deux premières parties abordent la question de la dynamique des marchés en produits laitiers et en viande bovine (production, consommation et échanges) en distinguant successivement le marché extérieur (compétitivité externe au cours de la période 2000-2019) puis le marché intérieur (adéquation entre l’offre et la demande, utilisateurs finaux des produits) ; une analyse portant sur la différenciation de l’offre permet également d’aborder la place des différents signes de qualité et de nouvelles formes de démarcations commerciales s’appuyant sur une référence au territoire. Les deux dernières parties traitent de l’évolution de l’organisation de la production, en s’intéressant d’abord à la compétitivité des exploitations françaises sur longue période (1990-2018), puis aux emplois dans les exploitations (renouvellement des générations ou plutôt des actifs, transformation des formes d’installation).

Published
2021

2. Programme National Nutrition Santé - guidelines score 2 (PNNS-GS2): development and validation of a diet quality score reflecting the 2017 French dietary guidelines

Author

Mathilde Touvier, Dan Chaltiel, Chantal Julia, Valérie Deschamps, Serge Hercberg, Moufidath Adjibade, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), French Ministry of Health (DGS), French Public Health Agency, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Paris 13 University, Ecole Doctorale Galilee, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Lallemant, Pascal, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153))

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Physical activity, Nutritional Status, Medicine (miscellaneous), University level, Guidelines as Topic, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Guidelines, Nutrition, Mean difference, Nutrition Policy, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Negatively associated, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Quality of Health Care, 2. Zero hunger, Internet, 0303 health sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietary indices, business.industry, Data Collection, Cholesterol, LDL, Middle Aged, Physical activity level, Diet, 3. Good health, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Social Class, Diet quality, Adherence, Patient Compliance, Female, France, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Biomarkers, Demography
Abstract

Following the revision of the French dietary guidelines in 2017, the Programme National Nutrition Santé – guidelines score (PNNS-GS), built upon previous recommendations released in 2001, needed to be updated. This cross-sectional study thus aimed to develop and validate the PNNS-GS2, a predefined food-based dietary index based on the 2017-revised French nutritional guidelines. A total of 80 965 participants recruited among French adults (≥18 years old) in the NutriNet-Santé web-based prospective cohort were included. Collected data included repeated 24 h-dietary records over a 2-year period, sociodemographic and, for 16 938 subjects, clinical and biological data. Weighting and cut-offs of the PNNS-GS2 components were collegially arbitrated by nutrition experts who participated in the 2017 revision of the guidelines. Sociodemographic, nutritional and clinical and biological factors were investigated according to quintiles (Q) of PNNS-GS2 (theoretical ranging −17 to +13·5). Mean PNNS-GS2 was 2·1 (sd3·1) in women and −0·3 (sd3·6) in men. Higher PNNS-GS2 (higher adherence to 2017 dietary guidelines) was positively associated with (mean difference between Q5 and Q1 in women/men) age (+8·4/+4·7 years), education (+3·9/+7·4 % of university level), physical activity (+13·3/+3·5 % of ≥60 min/d) and non-smoking (+9·7/+13·7 %), and was negatively associated with mean blood pressure (−3·0/−2·8 mmHg), plasma LDL-cholesterol (−0·07/−0·06 g/l) and TAG (−0·10/−0·16 g/l) concentrations. Higher PNNS-GS2 was also associated with higher intake of favourable nutrients, e.g.n-3 PUFA (+0·2/+0·2 % of energy intake), fibres (+8·7/+10·7 g) and vitamin C (+36·6/+43·8 mg). Associations between PNNS-GS2 and sociodemographic and nutritional factors arguing for its validation are coherent. Further studies are needed to evaluate its association with mortality and morbidity.

Published
2020
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3. Lipoprotein(a) Cellular Uptake Ex Vivo and Hepatic Capture In Vivo Is Insensitive to PCSK9 Inhibition With Alirocumab

Author

Jean-Christophe Le Bail, BS Valentin Blanchard, Sophie Ho-Van-Guimbal, Sandra Beeské, Gihad Dargazanli, Thi Thu Trang Tran, Marie-Pierre Pruniaux, Mikaël Croyal, Olivier Bergis, Etienne Guillot, Denis Boulay, Gilles Lambert, BS Kévin Chemello, Philip Janiak, Elise F. Villard, Bruno Poirier, Lallemant, Pascal, CHOPIN - - CHOPIN2016 - ANR-16-RHUS-0007 - RHUS - VALID, Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sanofi Aventis R&D [Chilly-Mazarin], ANR-16-RHUS-0007,CHOPIN,CHOPIN(2016), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, biology, Chemistry, PCSK9, liver-humanized mice, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Endogeny, Lipoprotein(a), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pharmacology, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, low-density lipoprotein receptor, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, In vivo, lipoprotein(a), LDL receptor, biology.protein, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Ex vivo, Alirocumab, Lipoprotein
Abstract

International audience; Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is the most common genetically inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Many aspects of Lp(a) metabolism remain unknown. We assessed the uptake of fluorescent Lp(a) in primary human lymphocytes as well as Lp(a) hepatic capture in a mouse model in which endogenous hepatocytes have been ablated and replaced with human ones. Modulation of LDLR expression with the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab did not alter the cellular or the hepatic uptake of Lp(a), demonstrating that the LDL receptor is not a major route for Lp(a) plasma clearance. These results have clinical implications because they underpin why statins are not efficient at reducing Lp(a). (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

Published
2020
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4. La qualité des aliments d'origine animale selon les conditions de production et de transformation. Synthèse de l'Expertise scientifique collective

Author

Prache, Sophie, Sante-Lhoutellier, Veronique, Adamiec, Camille, Astruc, Thierry, Baéza, Elisabeth, Bouillot, Pierre-Etienne, Clinquart, Antoine, Feidt, Cyril, Fourat, Estelle, Gautron, Joël, Guillier, Laurent, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, Lebret, Bénédicte, Lefèvre, Florence, Martin, Bruno, Mirade, Pierre-Sylvain, Pierre, Fabrice H.F., Remond, Didier, Sans, Pierre, Souchon, Isabelle, Girard, Agnès, Le Perchec, Sophie, Donnars, Catherine, Raulet, Mégane, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Maison Interuniversitaire des Sciences de l'Homme - Alsace (MISHA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Institut de Recherche juridique de la Sorbonne André Tunc (IRJS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Institut de recherche en droit privé (IRDP), Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Liège - Gembloux, Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux Sociaux - sciences sociales, politique, santé (IRIS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Prévention et promotion de la cancérogénèse par les aliments (ToxAlim-PPCA), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Direction pour la Science Ouverte (DipSO), Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes, DGALFranceAgriMer, INRAE, VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), and Lallemant, Pascal

Subjects
[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Qualité alimentaire, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Aliment, Transformation
Published
2020

5. Contribution of Capillary Refilling Time and Skin Mottling Score to Predict ICU Admission of Patients with Septic or haemorrhagic Shock Admitted to the Emergency Department: A TRCMARBSAU Study

Author

Maignan M, Le Borgne P, Lafon T, Thomas L, Bloch-Laine E, Dehdar S, Michelet P, Romain Jouffroy, Marjanovic N, Benoît Vivien, Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], CHU Grenoble, Regenerative NanoMedicine [Strasbourg] (RNM), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Limoges (CIC1435), CHU Limoges-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, Hôpital d'instruction des Armées Percy, Service de Santé des Armées, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Limoges, and Lallemant, Pascal

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Capillary refill time, intensive care unit, law.invention, Skin mottling, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, medicine, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030504 nursing, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, emergency, Emergency department, prediction, Capillary refill, Triage, Intensive care unit, 3. Good health, Haemorrhagic shock, skin mottling score, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Shock (circulatory), Emergency medicine, Observational study, Original Article, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In the emergency department (ED), the severity assessment of shock is a fundamental step prior to the admission in the intensive care unit (ICU). As biomarkers are time consuming to evaluate the severity of micro- and macro-circulation alteration, capillary refill time and skin mottling score are two simple, available clinical criteria validated to predict mortality in the ICU. The aim of the present study is to provide clinical evidence that capillary refill time and skin mottling score assessed in the ED also predict ICU admission of patients with septic or haemorrhagic shock. METHODS: This trial is an observational, non-randomised controlled study. A total of 1500 patients admitted to the ED for septic or haemorrhagic shock will be enrolled into the study. The primary outcome is the admission to the ICU. RESULTS: The study will not impact the treatments provided to each patient. Capillary refill time and skin mottling score will not be taken into account to decide patient’s treatments and/or ICU admission. Patients will be followed up during their hospital stay to determine their precise destination after the ED (home, ICU or ward) and the 28- and 90-day mortality after hospital admission. CONCLUSION: The results from the present study will provide clinical evidence on the correlation between the ICU admission and the capillary refill time and the skin mottling score in septic or haemorrhagic shock admitted to the ED. The aim of the present study is to provide two simple, reliable and non-invasive tools for the triage and early orientation of these patients.

Published
2019
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6. [Tc-99m]Tc-HMPAO mu SPECT/CT highlights cerebral blood flow enhancement and correlates with cognitive function improvements of chronic resveratrol exposure in aged rats

Author

Philippe Garrigues, Moyon, A., Laure Balasse, Yassin Mouhajir, Jean-Francois Landrier, Francoise Dignat-George, Marie-Christine Alessi, Seree, E., Guillet, B., Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, and Lallemant, Pascal

Subjects
[SCCO]Cognitive science, [SCCO] Cognitive science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

000492444406073; International audience

Published
2019

7. Effect of rearing autumn-born ram-lambs in contact with sexual-active adult rams or exposed to artificial long days. 2: Effect on sexual activity and fertility at 8-months of age

Author

Garcia, A.I, Abecia, José-Alfonso, Gave, M, Keller, Matthieu, Chemineau, Philippe, Delgadillo, José Alberto, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de economía agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (UAAAN), European Soc Domest Anim Reprod, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lallemant, Pascal

Subjects
[SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, [SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology
Abstract

International audience; In mid Jan, 40 ram‐lambs born in Oct were divided into 4 groups (n = 10): Group FA, exposed to 16 h of light for 2 months (15 Jan–15 Mar); Group SAR, housed with 3 adult sexually‐activated rams from 15 Mar to the end of the experiment; Group NAR, housed with 3 adult non‐activated rams from 15 Mar; and Group C, control, isolated from adult rams during the experiment. Adult rams were rendered sexually active by a exposing them to long days (16 h light) from 15 Jan to 15 Mar. Individual and group ram serving capacity tests were performed on 20 June, when ram‐lambs were 8‐month‐old, using 40 ewes synchronized in oestrus. For 20 min, each ram was exposed to 5 ewes, and the number of attempts of mounting and mountings were recorded. After that, rams were regrouped and the same observations of events, with the same 10 ewes used for the individuals test, were recorded. After that, ram‐lambs could mate the ewes for 48 h. GLM, anova and chi square tests were applied. During the individual tests, half of the attempts of mountings (6, 17, 22, and 55%, p < 0.01) and mountings (4, 15, 31, and 50%, for the FA, SAR, NAR and C groups, resp, p < 0.01) performed per ram were recorded in the control group. A similar distribution was observed in the group test (attempts of mounting: 9, 11, 24, 57%, mountings: 0, 18, 27, 55%, for the FA, SAR, NAR and C groups, resp, p < 0.001). However, fertility rate obtained by ewes mated by SAR (90%) and C (100%) ram‐lambs was higher (p < 0.01) than the FA (50%) and NAR (40%) groups. In conclusion, rearing autumn‐born ram‐lambs in isolation of adult congeners of the same species results in a high degree of sexual activity at 8‐months of age, although their fertility is similar to ram‐lambs reared in the presence of sexually‐active adult rams.

Published
2019

8. Bacteria engineered to produce IL-22 in intestine induce expression of REG3G to reduce ethanol-induced liver disease in mice

Author

Wendy Huang, Yi Duan, Bei Gao, Harry Sokol, Samuel B. Ho, Oliver Fiehn, Bernd Schnabl, Patrick Emond, Laura M. Alexander, Jan-Peter van Pijkeren, Peter Stärkel, Jee-Hwan Oh, Yanhan Wang, Tim Hendrikx, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Gastroenterology, St. Luc University Hospital, New World Inst Biotechnol, State Key Lab Bioreactor Engn, E China Univ Sci & Technol, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Imagerie et cerveau (iBrain - Inserm U1253 - UNIV Tours ), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, UCL - SSS/IREC/GAEN - Pôle d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de gastro-entérologie, Research Service VA San Diego Healthcare System, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-University of California, Laboratory of hepato-gastroenterology, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique, West Coast Metabolomics Center, Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM UMR 7203), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lallemant, Pascal, University of California (UC), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Alcoholic liver disease, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], microbiome, Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins, Small, immune response, Oral and gastrointestinal, Hepatitis, Substance Misuse, Alcohol Use and Health, Liver disease, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, alcoholic steatohepatitis, Receptors, Intestine, Small, homeostasis, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Innate, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mice, Knockout, biology, Chemistry, endotoxemia, Liver Diseases, Liver Disease, Innate lymphoid cell, Gastroenterology, dysbiosis, Alcoholic, Intestine, 3. Good health, Alcoholism, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, host, Aryl Hydrocarbon, metabolome, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Knockout, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Clinical Sciences, Alcoholic hepatitis, Article, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, microbiota, Animals, tryptophan, Liver Diseases, Alcoholic, Nutrition, Inflammation, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ethanol, Indoleacetic Acids, Animal, Prevention, Interleukins, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor, Immunity, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Small intestine, Immunity, Innate, Lactobacillus reuteri, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Disease Models, Animal, Good Health and Well Being, 030104 developmental biology, ILC, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon, inflammation, Disease Models, Dysbiosis, cells, Steatohepatitis, Digestive Diseases
Abstract

ObjectiveAntimicrobial C-type lectin regenerating islet-derived 3 gamma (REG3G) is suppressed in the small intestine during chronic ethanol feeding. Our aim was to determine the mechanism that underlies REG3G suppression during experimental alcoholic liver disease.DesignInterleukin 22 (IL-22) regulates expression of REG3G. Therefore, we investigated the role of IL-22 in mice subjected to chronic-binge ethanol feeding (NIAAA model).ResultsIn a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease, we found that type 3 innate lymphoid cells produce lower levels of IL-22. Reduced IL-22 production was the result of ethanol-induced dysbiosis and lower intestinal levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a microbiota-derived ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which regulates expression of IL-22. Importantly, faecal levels of IAA were also found to be lower in patients with alcoholic hepatitis compared with healthy controls. Supplementation to restore intestinal levels of IAA protected mice from ethanol-induced steatohepatitis by inducing intestinal expression of IL-22 and REG3G, which prevented translocation of bacteria to liver. We engineered Lactobacillus reuteri to produce IL-22 (L. reuteri/IL-22) and fed them to mice along with the ethanol diet; these mice had reduced liver damage, inflammation and bacterial translocation to the liver compared with mice fed an isogenic control strain and upregulated expression of REG3G in intestine. However, L. reuteri/IL-22 did not reduce ethanol-induced liver disease in Reg3g–/– mice.ConclusionEthanol-associated dysbiosis reduces levels of IAA and activation of the AHR to decrease expression of IL-22 in the intestine, leading to reduced expression of REG3G; this results in bacterial translocation to the liver and steatohepatitis. Bacteria engineered to produce IL-22 induce expression of REG3G to reduce ethanol-induced steatohepatitis.

Published
2019
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9. Steroid profiles in quail brain and serum: Sex and regional differences and effects of castration with steroid replacement

Author

Matthieu Keller, Jacques Balthazart, Marie Bournonville, Charlotte Cornil, Michael Schumacher, Antoine Pianos, Philippe Liere, Maladies et hormones du système nerveux (DHNS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, GIGA-Neurosciences [Université Liège], GIGA [Université Liège], Université de Liège-Université de Liège, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lallemant, Pascal, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, gas chromatography, Hypothalamus, Dehydroepiandrosterone, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Neuroendocrinology, Quail, Article, Steroid, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Corticosterone, biology.animal, Internal medicine, brain steroid concentrations, brain aromatisation, medicine, Animals, Testosterone, Castration, mass spectrometry, Sex Characteristics, biology, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 5-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone, Brain, Estrogens, 20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone, Preoptic area, chemistry, Pregnenolone, Female, Steroids, preoptic area, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; Both systemic and local production contribute to the concentration of steroids measured in the brain. This idea was originally based on rodent studies and was later extended to other species, including humans and birds. In quail, a widely used model in behavioural neuroendocrinology, it was demonstrated that all enzymes needed to produce sex steroids from cholesterol are expressed and active in the brain, although the actual concentrations of steroids produced were never investigated. We carried out a steroid profiling in multiple brain regions and serum of sexually mature male and female quail by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The concentrations of some steroids (eg, corticosterone, progesterone and testosterone) were in equilibrium between the brain and periphery, whereas other steroids (eg, pregnenolone (PREG), 5α/β‐dihydroprogesterone and oestrogens) were more concentrated in the brain. In the brain regions investigated, PREG sulphate, progesterone and oestrogen concentrations were higher in the hypothalamus‐preoptic area. Progesterone and its metabolites were more concentrated in the female than the male brain, whereas testosterone, its metabolites and dehydroepiandrosterone were more concentrated in males, suggesting that sex steroids present in quail brain mainly depend on their specific steroidogenic pathways in the ovaries and testes. However, the results of castration experiments suggested that sex steroids could also be produced in the brain independently of the peripheral source. Treatment with testosterone or oestradiol restored the concentrations of most androgens or oestrogens, respectively, although penetration of oestradiol in the brain appeared to be more limited. These studies illustrate the complex interaction between local brain synthesis and the supply from the periphery for the steroids present in the brain that are either directly active or represent the substrate of centrally located enzymes.

Published
2019
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10. Effect of rearing autumn-born ram-lambs in contact with sexual-active adult rams or exposed to artificial long days. 1. Effect on live weight, scrotal circumference and plasma testosterone levels

Author

GAVE, M, Abecia, José-Alfonso, Garcia, A., Keller, Matthieu, Chemineau, Philippe, Delgadillo, José Alberto, Palacios Riocerezo, Carlos, Lallemant, Pascal, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de economía agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (UAAAN), Universidad de Salamanca, European Soc Domest Anim Reprod, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

11. Assessment of the feasibility and safety of a novel transvaginal ovarian drilling method in a bovine model: ovarian rebalancing

Author

Mickael Dupont, Saad Amer, Eric Briant, Christelle Ramé, Alice Bongrani, Joëlle Dupont, Lallemant, Pascal, Marchoux, Eric, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Hospital of Derby, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Derby [United Kingdom]

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Ovarian drilling, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, business.industry, medicine, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, Radiology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

12. The in vivo ISGylome links ISG15 to metabolic pathways and autophagy upon Listeria monocytogenes infection

Author

Pascale Cossart, Olivier Dussurget, Kevin Leandro, Lilliana Radoshevich, Clara Bredow, Mariko Foecke, Daniel Jiménez-Fernández, Nicholas C. Wu, Yifeng Zhang, Emma K. Luhmann, Fabien Thery, Antje Beling, Francis Impens, Klaus-Peter Knobeloch, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology [La Jolla, CA, USA], The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla, San Diego], Interactions Bactéries-Cellules (UIBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Scripps Research Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Lallemant, Pascal

Subjects
Proteomics, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, ns1 protein, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Listeriosis, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Acetylation, Bacterial host response, ANTIVIRAL MOLECULE, 3. Good health, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], secretion, Liver, INFLUENZA, NS1 PROTEIN, Cytokines, targets, SECRETION, Infection, influenza, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, complex, conjugation, Science, Quantitative proteomics, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, proteome-wide identification, Mitochondrial Proteins, stimulated gene-15, 03 medical and health sciences, Downregulation and upregulation, TARGETS, Autophagy, Animals, Secretion, Ubiquitins, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, STIMULATED GENE-15, antiviral molecule, PROTEOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION, COMPLEX, Lysine, Ubiquitination, ISGYLATION, General Chemistry, Listeria monocytogenes, ISG15, Mice, Mutant Strains, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Metabolic pathway, 030104 developmental biology, isgylation, CONJUGATION, General Biochemistry, lcsh:Q, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Post-translational modifications
Abstract

ISG15 is an interferon-stimulated, ubiquitin-like protein, with anti-viral and anti-bacterial activity. Here, we map the endogenous in vivo ISGylome in the liver following Listeria monocytogenes infection by combining murine models of reduced or enhanced ISGylation with quantitative proteomics. Our method identifies 930 ISG15 sites in 434 proteins and also detects changes in the host ubiquitylome. The ISGylated targets are enriched in proteins which alter cellular metabolic processes, including upstream modulators of the catabolic and antibacterial pathway of autophagy. Computational analysis of substrate structures reveals that a number of ISG15 modifications occur at catalytic sites or dimerization interfaces of enzymes. Finally, we demonstrate that animals and cells with enhanced ISGylation have increased basal and infection-induced autophagy through the modification of mTOR, WIPI2, AMBRA1, and RAB7. Taken together, these findings ascribe a role of ISGylation to temporally reprogram organismal metabolism following infection through direct modification of a subset of enzymes in the liver., ISG15 is a ubiquitin-like modifier that can be upregulated in response to bacterial infections. Here, the authors use proteomics to identify endogenous ISGylation substrates in the liver of Listeria monocytogenes infected mice and show that ISGylation alters basal and infection-induced autophagy.

Published
2019
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13. The cryo-electron microscopy supramolecular structure of the bacterial stressosome unveils its mechanism of activation

Author

Aline Rifflet, Nathalie Rolhion, Pascale Cossart, Adam Redzej, Tiago R. D. Costa, Allison H. Williams, Gabriel Waksman, Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi bactérienne - Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall (BGPB), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Birkbeck College [University of London], Interactions Bactéries-Cellules (UIBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Imperial College London, This work was funded by Wellcome Trust grant 098302 to G.W. A.H.W. work was supported by Institut Carnot–Pasteur Maladies Infectieuses fellowship and the EMBO long-term fellowship (ALTF 732-2010). P.C. work is supported by the European Research Council (ERC), Advanced Grant BacCellEpi (670823), ANR Investissement d’Avenir Programme (10-LABX-62-IBEID), and the Fondation le Roch les Mousquetaires. P.C. is a Senior International Research Scholar of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), European Project: 670823,H2020,ERC-2014-ADG,BacCellEpi(2015), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lallemant, Pascal, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, and Bacterial, cellular and epigenetic factors that control enteropathogenicity - BacCellEpi - - H20202015-10-01 - 2018-09-30 - 670823 - VALID

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, 0301 basic medicine, web server, Cryo-electron microscopy, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Protein Structure, Secondary, molecular architecture, Fight-or-flight response, Protein structure, lcsh:Science, rsbr, bacillus-subtilis, Multidisciplinary, output, Chemistry, phosphorylation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Pathogens, Signal transduction, 0210 nano-technology, Signal Transduction, signaling pathway, Phosphorylation sites, Science, Supramolecular chemistry, Glutamic Acid, Sigma Factor, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, system, bcs, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Protein Domains, Multienzyme Complexes, Stress, Physiological, MD Multidisciplinary, Mechanism (biology), Cryoelectron Microscopy, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, General Chemistry, Phosphoproteins, Listeria monocytogenes, 030104 developmental biology, Biophysics, lcsh:Q, A kinase, protein
Abstract

How the stressosome, the epicenter of the stress response in bacteria, transmits stress signals from the environment has remained elusive. The stressosome consists of multiple copies of three proteins RsbR, RsbS and RsbT, a kinase that is important for its activation. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the atomic organization of the Listeria monocytogenes stressosome at 3.38 Å resolution. RsbR and RsbS are organized in a 60-protomers truncated icosahedron. A key phosphorylation site on RsbR (T209) is partially hidden by an RsbR flexible loop, whose “open” or “closed” position could modulate stressosome activity. Interaction between three glutamic acids in the N-terminal domain of RsbR and the membrane-bound mini-protein Prli42 is essential for Listeria survival to stress. Together, our data provide the atomic model of the stressosome core and highlight a loop important for stressosome activation, paving the way towards elucidating the mechanism of signal transduction by the stressosome in bacteria., The bacterial stressosome is a large nanomachine and a key inducer of stress response. Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structure of the stressosome from the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes at 3.38 Å resolution and discuss its activation mechanism.

Published
2019
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14. Impact of xylan acetylation on interaction with cellulose

Author

Mazeau, Karim, Jaafar, Zahraa, Moreau, Celine, Villares, Ana, Leray, Nadege, Brosse, Alexandre, Vigouroux, Jacqueline, Legall, Sophie, Marc Lahaye, Cathala, Bernard, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV ), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), American Chemical Society, and Lallemant, Pascal

Subjects
[SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, [SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

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