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Background and Objective: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly being used to capture the patients' perspective of their functional status and quality of life (QoL). Big data can help us better understand patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Using prospectively collected data from the Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Enhancement Through the Power of Big Data in Europe (PIONEER) consortium, we aimed to describe the functional status and QoL in men with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with active surveillance (AS), radical prostatectomy (RP), and radiotherapy (RT), and to demonstrate the applicability of PROM data on a large scale and at a European level., Methods: We identified data sources that collected QoL data using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-PR25, or Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC)-26/50 questionnaires. Aggregated summary scores for urinary, bowel, and sexual dysfunction, global health status, and QoL were shared for each data source., Key Findings and Limitations: We identified eight data sources originating from various settings: routine hospital data, embedded research PRO collection, survey data collected by a patient organization, multi-institutional prospective cohort study, and registry data. PRO data were available for 709 men on AS, 20 508 on RP, and 3417 on RT, with a median time between diagnosis and PROM assessment ranging from 1 to 8.7 yr. Most men were diagnosed with Gleason ≤7 disease, and T1 or T2 PCa. We observed that sexual dysfunction was the most affected PRO and found large differences between data sources., Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Our results support the feasibility of PRO assessment using big data in Europe. Implementation of PROMs in clinical practice and the use of standardized methods could improve value-based health care provision., Patient Summary: In this study, we combined several data sources that reported urinary, bowel, and sexual dysfunction, global health status, and quality of life. We identified eight data sources and show that sexual function is the most affected domain after treatment., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent causative pathogen of bacterial pneumonia in children worldwide. Bangladesh introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in their national immunization program for infants in 2015. We assessed its potential coverage in under-fives with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the years before PCV10 was introduced., Methods: A total of 1502 childhood pneumonia cases (< 5 year olds living in the urban section Kamalapur, Dhaka) were enrolled between 2011 and 2013. Acute phase and late (convalescent) serum samples were collected from 1380 cases. Serotype-specific pneumococcal antibody concentrations were measured using a 25-plex immunoassay panel. Pneumococcal CAP was diagnosed based on a serotype-specific pneumococcal antibody response., Results: S. pneumoniae was serologically identified as causative pathogen in 406/1380 (29%) cases. The five most prevalent serotypes were (in descending order) 11A, 22F, 3, 2 and 19F. Based on the percentage of pneumonia cases associated with PCV10 vaccine types, the potential PCV10 coverage was 29% (116/406)., Conclusions: In almost a third of the studied cases S. pneumoniae was identified as a causative pathogen. Because of the characteristics of the immunoassay, this might well be a gross underestimation. Nevertheless, the potential PCV10-coverage was low. Given the high serotype diversity, the region might benefit greatly from a higher-coverage PCV or recombinant protein vaccine., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: This systematic review provides an overview of literature on the impact of magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with prostate cancer (PC)., Methods and Materials: A systematic search was performed in October 2023 in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. The Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design (PICOS) framework was used to determine eligibility criteria. Included were studies assessing PROs following MRgRT for PC with a sample size >10. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies - of Interventions and Cochrane's risk of bias tool for randomized trials. Relevant mean differences (MDs) compared with pre-RT were interpreted using minimal important differences. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic., Results: Eleven observational studies and 1 randomized controlled trial (n = 897) were included. Nine studies included patients with primary PC with MRgRT as first-line treatment (n = 813) and 3 with MRgRT as second-line treatment (n = 84). Substantial risk of bias was found in 5 studies. European Organization for Research and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ) core 30 (C30) and EORTC QLQ prostate cancer module (PR25) scores were pooled from 3 studies, and Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC)-26 scores were pooled from 4 studies. Relevant MDs for the urinary domain were found with the EPIC-26 (MD, -10.0; 95% CI, -12.0 to -8.1; I 2  = 0%) and the EORTC QLQ-PR25 (MD, 8.6; 95% CI, -4.7 to 22.0; I 2  = 97%), both at end-RT to 1-month follow-up. Relevant MDs for the bowel domain were found with the EPIC-26 (MD, -4.7; 95% CI, -9.2 to -0.2; I 2  = 82%) at end-RT or 1-month follow-up, but not with the EORTC QLQ-PR25. For both domains, no relevant MDs were found after 3 months of follow-up. No relevant MDs were found in the general quality of life domains of the EORTC QLQ C30., Conclusions: MRgRT for PC results in a temporary worsening of patient-reported urinary and bowel symptoms during the first month after treatment compared with pre-RT, resolving at 3 months. No clinically relevant changes were found for general quality of life domains. These results provide important information for patient counseling and can serve as a benchmark for future studies., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)