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10. Surgery’s Rosetta Stone: Natural language processing to predict discharge and readmission after general surgery

Author

Kovoor, Joshua G., Bacchi, Stephen, Gupta, Aashray K., Stretton, Brandon, Nann, Silas D., Aujayeb, Nidhi, Lu, Amy, Nathin, Kayla, Lam, Lydia, Jiang, Melinda, Lee, Shane, To, Minh-Son, Ovenden, Christopher D., Hewitt, Joseph N., Goh, Rudy, Gluck, Samuel, Reid, Jessica L., Khurana, Sanjeev, Dobbins, Christopher, Hewett, Peter J., Padbury, Robert T., Malycha, James, Trochsler, Markus I., Hugh, Thomas J., and Maddern, Guy J.

Published
2023
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16. Disruption of aldehyde dehydrogenase decreases cell wall‐bound p‐hydroxycinnamates and improves cell wall digestibility in rice.

Author

Yamamoto, Senri, Afifi, Osama Ahmed, Lam, Lydia Pui Ying, Takeda‐Kimura, Yuri, Osakabe, Yuriko, Osakabe, Keishi, Bartley, Laura E., Umezawa, Toshiaki, and Tobimatsu, Yuki

Subjects
ALDEHYDE dehydrogenase, FERULIC acid, RICE seeds, RICE, GENOME editing, LIGNINS, ARABINOXYLANS
Abstract

SUMMARY: In grass cell walls, ferulic acid (FA) serves as an important cross‐linker between cell wall polymers, such as arabinoxylan (AX) and lignin, affecting the physicochemical properties of the cell walls as well as the utilization properties of grass lignocellulose for biorefinering. Here, we demonstrate that hydroxycinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase (HCALDH) plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of the FA used for cell wall feruloylation in rice (Oryza sativa). Bioinformatic and gene expression analyses of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) identified two rice ALDH subfamily 2C members, OsHCALDH2 (OsALDH2C2) and OsHCALDH3 (OsALDH2C3), potentially involved in cell wall feruloylation in major vegetative tissues of rice. CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing of OsHCALDH2 and OsHCALDH3 revealed that the contents of AX‐bound ferulate were reduced by up to ~45% in the cell walls of the HCALDH‐edited mutants, demonstrating their roles in cell wall feruloylation. The abundance of hemicellulosic sugars including arabinosyl units on AX was notably reduced in the cell walls of the HCALDH‐edited mutants, whereas cellulose and lignin contents remained unaffected. In addition to reducing cell wall‐bound ferulate, the loss of OsHCALDH2 and/or OsHCALDH3 also partially reduced cell wall‐bound p‐coumarate and sinapate in the vegetative tissues of rice, whereas it did not cause detectable changes in the amount of γ‐oryzanol (feruloyl sterols) in rice seeds. Furthermore, the HCALDH‐edited mutants exhibited improved cell wall saccharification efficiency, both with and without alkaline pretreatment, plausibly due to the reduction in cell wall cross‐linking FA. Overall, HCALDH appears to present a potent bioengineering target for enhancing utilization properties of grass lignocellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Lenzilumab in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (LIVE-AIR): a phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Lewis, Meghan, Sher, Linda, Bowdish, Michael, Wald-Dickler, Noah, Biswas, Subarna, Lam, Lydia, Vo, Khang, Poblete, Roy, Lee, May M., Hutcheon, Douglass, Patron, Roberto, Gharbin, John, Moran, Caitlin, Kandiah, Sheetal, Cantos, Valeria, Rebolledo, Paulina, del Rio, Carlos, Lennox, Jeffrey, Polito, Carmen, Sheth, Anandi, Patel, Anup, Paniagua, Homero, Yohannes, Seife, Amin, Alpesh, Lee, Richard, Watanabe, Miki, Hsieh, Lanny, Cearras, Martin, Parikh, Amay, Sniffen, Jason, Onyia, Wilfred, Boger, Michael, Davidson, Lisa, Gajurel, Kiran, Leonard, Michael, McCurdy, Lewis, Quezada, Nestor, Sampson, Mindy, Shahid, Zainab, Strollo, Stephanie, Weinrib, David, Zulfigar, Sara, McDonald, Cheryl, Hollingsworth, John, Burk, John, Berg, Joshua, Barbaro, Daniel, Miller, Andrew, Sambathkumar, Lakshmi, McDonald, Stuart, Okoye, Obinna, Pulido, Juan, Fulton, Jennifer, Gill, William, Zuckerman, Richard, Lewis, Lionel, Mandapakala, Chaitanya, Robinson, Matthew, Metzger, Brian, Alam, Maqsood, Politis, Chrisoula, Frosch, Anne, Ngo, Linh, Carvalho Neuenschwander, Fernando, Figueiredo, EstevÃo, CanÇado, Gualter, Araujo, Gustavo, GuimarÃes, Lucas, Diaz, Ricardo, Bacellar, Natalia, Silva, Celso, Ferreira, Paulo, Andrade Lima, Marina, Uber Ghisi, Caroline, Anton, Camila, Albaneze, Ricardo, Wagner de Castro Lima Santos, Daniel, Iglessias, Ana Caroline, Lago, Marianna, Pietrobom, Paula, Alves, Maysa, Duailibe Furtado, Juvencio José, Trevelin, Leopoldo, Telles, Valeria, Correa, Francini, Ramos, Fabiano, de A. R. Da Silva, Marina, Lacerda Garcia, Rebeca C., Maldonado, Ana Elizabeth G., Beheregaray, Ana Carolina M., Ortiz, Ana Maria T., Luz, Kleber, Pipolo Milan, Eveline, Soares de Castro, Janine, Barbosa Moreira, Matheus José, Bezerra Onofre, Renata, do Nascimento JÁcome, TÁcito, Barreto Garcia, Victor, Rolim de Souzafrom, Victor Matheus, Dal Pizzol, Felipe, Ritter, Cristiane, Vinhas, Marcelo B., Westheimer Cavalcante, Adilson Joaquim, Minghini, Julia, Dorigo, Loni, Salgado Miranda, Marina, Antila, Martti Anton, Brugnolli, Rebeca, Antila, Henrikki, Temesgen, Zelalem, Burger, Charles D, Baker, Jason, Polk, Christopher, Libertin, Claudia R, Kelley, Colleen F, Marconi, Vincent C, Orenstein, Robert, Catterson, Victoria M, Aronstein, William S, Durrant, Cameron, Chappell, Dale, Ahmed, Omar, Chappell, Gabrielle, and Badley, Andrew D

Published
2022
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19. Building Geriatric Trauma Programs in Resource-Constrained Environments: Trauma Quality Improvement Program Guideline Implementation at Two Safety Net Hospitals in Southern California

Author

Boyle, Kelly A., primary, Schellenberg, Morgan, additional, Navarrete, Sixta, additional, Tyler, Robin, additional, Hambrecht, Amanda C., additional, Ward, Katherine, additional, Yamashita, Casey, additional, Putnam, Brant, additional, Inaba, Kenji, additional, and Lam, Lydia, additional

Published
2024
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23. Vital sign measurements demonstrate terminal digit bias and boundary effects.

Author

Kleinig, Oliver, To, Minh‐Son, Ovenden, Christopher D., Kovoor, Joshua G., Goh, Rudy, Lam, Lydia, Wenzel, Tara, Tan, Yiran, Harish, Hrishikesh, Gupta, Aashray K., Gluck, Sam, Gilbert, Toby, and Bacchi, Stephen

Subjects
VITAL signs, OXYGEN saturation, MEDICAL care, TERTIARY care, RESEARCH bias, HEART beat, MEASUREMENT errors, ATTITUDES of medical personnel, RESPIRATORY measurements, ELECTRONIC health records, SYSTOLIC blood pressure, PATIENT monitoring, REGRESSION analysis, EVALUATION
Abstract

Objective: The measurement and recording of vital signs may be impacted by biases, including preferences for even and round numbers. However, other biases, such as variation due to defined numerical boundaries (also known as boundary effects), may be present in vital signs data and have not yet been investigated in a medical setting. We aimed to assess vital signs data for such biases. These parameters are clinically significant as they influence care escalation. Methods: Vital signs data (heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and systolic blood pressure) were collected from a tertiary hospital electronic medical record over a 2‐year period. These data were analysed using polynomial regression with additional terms to assess for underreporting of out‐of‐range observations and overreporting numbers with terminal digits of 0 (round numbers), 2 (even numbers) and 5. Results: It was found that heart rate, oxygen saturation and systolic blood pressure demonstrated 'boundary effects', with values inside the 'normal' range disproportionately more likely to be recorded. Even number bias was observed in systolic heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure. Preference for multiples of 5 was observed for heart rate and blood pressure. Independent overrepresentation of multiples of 10 was demonstrated in heart rate data. Conclusion: Although often considered objective, vital signs data are affected by bias. These biases may impact the care patients receive. Additionally, it may have implications for creating and training machine learning models that utilise vital signs data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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42. Attitudes and Perceptions of Older Chinese People in Hong Kong Towards Silver Gaming

Author

Yu, Rita W. L., Peng, Lu, Chan, Alan H. S., Teh, P. L., Lam, Lydia Y. C., Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Zhou, Jia, editor, and Salvendy, Gavriel, editor

Published
2018
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44. Arterial Line

Author

Bardes, James, Lam, Lydia, Demetriades, Demetrios, editor, Inaba, Kenji, editor, and Lumb, Philip D., editor

Published
2018
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50. Opioid prescribing, pain, and hospital stay of general surgery patients with oxycodone allergies in South Australia

Author

Kovoor, Joshua G., primary, Bacchi, Stephen, additional, Gupta, Aashray K., additional, Vo, Tammy, additional, Lam, Cindy, additional, Lam, Lydia, additional, Jiang, Melinda, additional, Stretton, Brandon, additional, To, Minh‐Son, additional, Nann, Silas, additional, Ovenden, Christopher D., additional, Hewitt, Joseph N., additional, Goh, Rudy, additional, Reid, Jessica L., additional, Hugh, Thomas J., additional, Dobbins, Christopher, additional, Hewett, Peter J., additional, Trochsler, Markus I., additional, Kette, Frank E., additional, and Maddern, Guy J., additional

Published
2023
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