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130 results on '"Lambourn, Dyanna"'

1. Sarcocystis neurona Transmission from Opossums to Marine Mammals in the Pacific Northwest

Author

O’Byrne, Alice M, Lambourn, Dyanna M, Rejmanek, Daniel, Haman, Katherine, O’Byrne, Michael, VanWormer, Elizabeth, and Shapiro, Karen

Subjects
Infection, Life Below Water, Animals, Caniformia, Didelphis, Northwestern United States, Sarcocystis, Sarcocystosis, Sarcocystis neurona, Marine mammals, Transmission, Watershed, Groundwater, Opossums, Ecology, Veterinary Sciences, Public Health and Health Services
Abstract

Increasing reports of marine mammal deaths have been attributed to the parasite Sarcocystis neurona. Infected opossums, the only known definitive hosts, shed S. neurona sporocysts in their feces. Sporocysts can contaminate the marine environment via overland runoff, and subsequent ingestion by marine mammals can lead to fatal encephalitis. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of S. neurona in opossums from coastal areas of Washington State (USA) and to compare genetic markers between S. neurona in opossums and marine mammals. Thirty-two road-kill opossums and tissue samples from 30 stranded marine mammals meeting inclusion criteria were included in analyses. Three opossums (9.4%) and twelve marine mammals (40%) were confirmed positive for S. neurona via DNA amplification at the ITS1 locus. Genetic identity at microsatellites (sn3, sn7, sn9) and the snSAG3 gene of S. neurona was demonstrated among one harbor porpoise and two opossums. Watershed mapping further demonstrated plausible sporocyst transport pathways from one of these opossums to the location where an infected harbor porpoise carcass was recovered. Our results provide the first reported link between S. neurona genotypes on land and sea in the Pacific Northwest, and further demonstrate how terrestrial pathogen pollution can impact the health of marine wildlife.

Published
2021

2. Sarcocystis neurona Transmission from Opossums to Marine Mammals in the Pacific Northwest.

Author

O'Byrne, Alice M, Lambourn, Dyanna M, Rejmanek, Daniel, Haman, Katherine, O'Byrne, Michael, VanWormer, Elizabeth, and Shapiro, Karen

Subjects
Groundwater, Marine mammals, Opossums, Sarcocystis neurona, Transmission, Watershed, Ecology, Veterinary Sciences, Public Health and Health Services
Abstract

Increasing reports of marine mammal deaths have been attributed to the parasite Sarcocystis neurona. Infected opossums, the only known definitive hosts, shed S. neurona sporocysts in their feces. Sporocysts can contaminate the marine environment via overland runoff, and subsequent ingestion by marine mammals can lead to fatal encephalitis. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of S. neurona in opossums from coastal areas of Washington State (USA) and to compare genetic markers between S. neurona in opossums and marine mammals. Thirty-two road-kill opossums and tissue samples from 30 stranded marine mammals meeting inclusion criteria were included in analyses. Three opossums (9.4%) and twelve marine mammals (40%) were confirmed positive for S. neurona via DNA amplification at the ITS1 locus. Genetic identity at microsatellites (sn3, sn7, sn9) and the snSAG3 gene of S. neurona was demonstrated among one harbor porpoise and two opossums. Watershed mapping further demonstrated plausible sporocyst transport pathways from one of these opossums to the location where an infected harbor porpoise carcass was recovered. Our results provide the first reported link between S. neurona genotypes on land and sea in the Pacific Northwest, and further demonstrate how terrestrial pathogen pollution can impact the health of marine wildlife.

Published
2021

3. Gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) post-mortem findings from December 2018 through 2021 during the Unusual Mortality Event in the Eastern North Pacific

Author

Raverty, Stephen, primary, Duignan, Pádraig, additional, Greig, Denise, additional, Huggins, Jessica L., additional, Huntington, Kathy Burek, additional, Garner, Michael, additional, Calambokidis, John, additional, Cottrell, Paul, additional, Danil, Kerri, additional, D’Alessandro, Dalin, additional, Duffield, Deborah, additional, Flannery, Moe, additional, Gulland, Frances MD, additional, Halaska, Barbie, additional, Lambourn, Dyanna M., additional, Lehnhart, Taylor, additional, Urbán R., Jorge, additional, Rowles, Teri, additional, Rice, James, additional, Savage, Kate, additional, Wilkinson, Kristin, additional, Greenman, Justin, additional, Viezbicke, Justin, additional, Cottrell, Brendan, additional, Goley, P. Dawn, additional, Martinez, Maggie, additional, and Fauquier, Deborah, additional

Published
2024
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4. A novel Sarcocystis neurona genotype XIII is associated with severe encephalitis in an unexpectedly broad range of marine mammals from the northeastern Pacific Ocean

Author

Barbosa, Lorraine, Johnson, Christine K, Lambourn, Dyanna M, Gibson, Amanda K, Haman, Katherine H, Huggins, Jessica L, Sweeny, Amy R, Sundar, Natarajan, Raverty, Stephen A, and Grigg, Michael E

Subjects
Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Life Below Water, Animals, Caniformia, Cetacea, Encephalitis, Genotype, Pacific Ocean, Sarcocystis, Sarcocystosis, Sarcocystis neurona, Marine mammal, Protozoal disease, Coccidia, Parasite, SnSAG, Microbiology, Zoology, Mycology & Parasitology, Veterinary sciences
Abstract

Sarcocystis neurona is an important cause of protozoal encephalitis among marine mammals in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. To characterise the genetic type of S. neurona in this region, samples from 227 stranded marine mammals, most with clinical or pathological evidence of protozoal disease, were tested for the presence of coccidian parasites using a nested PCR assay. The frequency of S. neurona infection was 60% (136/227) among pinnipeds and cetaceans, including seven marine mammal species not previously known to be susceptible to infection by this parasite. Eight S. neurona fetal infections identified this coccidian parasite as capable of being transmitted transplacentally. Thirty-seven S. neurona-positive samples were multilocus sequence genotyped using three genetic markers: SnSAG1-5-6, SnSAG3 and SnSAG4. A novel genotype, referred to as Type XIII within the S. neurona population genetic structure, has emerged recently in the northeastern Pacific Ocean and is significantly associated with an increased severity of protozoal encephalitis and mortality among multiple stranded marine mammal species.

Published
2015

8. Risk factor determination and qualitative risk assessment of Mucormycosis in Harbor Porpoise, an emergent fungal disease in Salish Sea marine mammals

Author

Norman, Stephanie A., primary, Huggins, Jessica L., additional, Lambourn, Dyanna M., additional, Rhodes, Linda D., additional, Garner, Michael M., additional, Bolton, Jennie L., additional, Gaydos, Joseph K., additional, Scott, Alyssa, additional, Raverty, Stephen, additional, and Calambokidis, John, additional

Published
2022
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12. Cetacean Strandings in the US Pacific Northwest 2000–2019 Reveal Potential Linkages to Oceanographic Variability

Author

Warlick, Amanda J., Huggins, Jessica L., Lambourn, Dyanna M., Duffield, Deborah A., D’Alessandro, Dalin N., Rice, James M., Calambokidis, John, Hanson, M. Bradley, Gaydos, Joseph K., Jeffries, Steven J., Olson, Jennifer K., Scordino, Jonathan J., Akmajian, Adrianne M., Klope, Matthew, Berta, Susan, Dubpernell, Sandy, Carlson, Betsy, Riemer, Susan, Hodder, Jan, Souze, Victoria, Elsby, Alysha, King, Cathy, Wilkinson, Kristin, Boothe, Tiffany, and Norman, Stephanie A.

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

Studying patterns in marine mammal stranding cases can provide insight into changes in population health, abundance, and distribution. Cetaceans along the United States West coast strand for a wide variety of reasons, including disease, injury, and poor nutritional status, all of which may be caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Examining the potential drivers of these stranding cases can reveal how populations respond to changes in their habitat, notably oceanographic variability and anthropogenic activities. In this study, we aim to synthesize recent patterns in 1,819 cetacean strandings across 26 species in the Pacific Northwest from 2000 to 2019 to compare with previous findings. Additionally, we aim to quantify the effects of localized and basin-scale oceanographic conditions on monthly stranding cases for five focal species using generalized additive models in order to explore potential relationships between strandings and changes in biophysical features that could affect foraging conditions or other important physiological cues. Our results suggest that strandings of harbor porpoises, gray whales, humpback whales, Dall’s porpoises, and striped dolphins are correlated with certain environmental variables, including sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation depending on the species. While it remains challenging to identify the causal mechanisms that underlie these relationships for a given species or population based on its utilization of such a complex ecosystem, improving our understanding of periods of increased strandings can enhance our knowledge of how these species interact with their environment and assist conservation and management efforts. This study enhances the utility of stranding records over time beyond simply reporting trends and has broader applicability to other geographic regions amid global climate change.

Published
2022

13. Surveillance for Antibiotic-Resistant E. coli in the Salish Sea Ecosystem

Author

Vingino, Alexandria, primary, Roberts, Marilyn C., additional, Wainstein, Michelle, additional, West, James, additional, Norman, Stephanie A., additional, Lambourn, Dyanna, additional, Lahti, Jeffery, additional, Ruiz, Ryan, additional, D’Angeli, Marisa, additional, Weissman, Scott J., additional, and Rabinowitz, Peter, additional

Published
2021
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18. Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria in Two Marine Mammal Species, Harbor Seals and Harbor Porpoises, Living in an Urban Marine Ecosystem, the Salish Sea, Washington State, USA

Author

Norman, Stephanie A., primary, Lambourn, Dyanna M., additional, Huggins, Jessica L., additional, Gaydos, Joseph K., additional, Dubpernell, Sandra, additional, Berta, Susan, additional, Olson, Jennifer K., additional, Souze, Victoria, additional, Evans, Alysha, additional, Carlson, Betsy, additional, Johnson, Mandi, additional, Mayer, Rachel, additional, King, Cathy, additional, and Scott, Alyssa, additional

Published
2021
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19. Pathology findings and correlation with body condition index in stranded killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the northeastern Pacific and Hawaii from 2004 to 2013

Author

Raverty, Stephen, primary, St. Leger, Judy, additional, Noren, Dawn P., additional, Burek Huntington, Kathy, additional, Rotstein, David S., additional, Gulland, Frances M. D., additional, Ford, John K. B., additional, Hanson, M. Bradley, additional, Lambourn, Dyanna M., additional, Huggins, Jessie, additional, Delaney, Martha A., additional, Spaven, Lisa, additional, Rowles, Teri, additional, Barre, Lynne, additional, Cottrell, Paul, additional, Ellis, Graeme, additional, Goldstein, Tracey, additional, Terio, Karen, additional, Duffield, Debbie, additional, Rice, Jim, additional, and Gaydos, Joseph K., additional

Published
2020
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22. Reemergence of Guadalupe fur seals in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: The epidemiology of stranding events during 2005–2016

Author

D'Agnese, Erin, primary, Lambourn, Dyanna, additional, Rice, James, additional, Duffield, Debbie, additional, Huggins, Jessica, additional, Spraker, Terry, additional, Raverty, Stephen, additional, Kuzmina, Tetiana, additional, Grigg, Michael E., additional, Wilkinson, Kristin, additional, Jeffries, Steven, additional, and Smith, Woutrina, additional

Published
2020
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23. ABSTRACTS FROM THE 2019 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR NORTHWESTERN VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY, HELD JOINTLY WITH THE WASHINGTON CHAPTER OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY, AND IN ASSOCIATION WITH NORTHWEST PARTNERS IN AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILE CONSERVATION, AT GREAT WOLF LODGE, GRAND MOUND, WASHINGTON, 25 FEBRUARY–1 M

Author

Angliss, Robyn P, primary, Ferguson, Megan C, additional, Appel, Cara L, additional, Brown, Jeremy, additional, Bortot, Claire, additional, Bean, William T, additional, Moriarty, Katie M, additional, Matthews, Sean M, additional, Green, David S, additional, Anderson, Stacy, additional, King, Evan, additional, Yaeger, J Scott, additional, Arismendi, Ivan, additional, Gregory, Stan, additional, Wildman, Randy, additional, Ashkenas, Linda, additional, Anderson, David, additional, Shuster, Laurie, additional, Evenson, Joseph R, additional, Huggins, Jessica L, additional, Calambokidis, John, additional, Ashton, Don, additional, Mcbain, Scott, additional, Railsback, Steve, additional, Bury, R. Bruce, additional, Bury, Gwen W., additional, Baker, C. Scott, additional, Sremba, Angie, additional, Pallin, Logan, additional, Atkinson, Shannon, additional, Rogan, Andy, additional, Kerr, Iain, additional, Bettaso, Jamie B., additional, Garwood, Justin M., additional, Bourque, Ryan M., additional, West, Christopher J., additional, Bingham, Daniel M, additional, Sepulveda, Adam, additional, Painter, Sally, additional, Bredeweg, Evan M., additional, Garcia, Tiffany S., additional, Morzillo, Anita T., additional, Schumaker, Nathan, additional, Buchanan, Joseph B., additional, Ashton, Don T., additional, Bettaso, James, additional, Germano, David J., additional, Slavens, Frank, additional, Slavens, Kate, additional, Bury, Gwendolynn W., additional, Ilharreguy, Arianna, additional, Flynn, Kiirsten, additional, Steiger, Gretchen, additional, Dobson, Elana, additional, Malleson, Mark, additional, Gisborne, Brian, additional, Berta, Susan, additional, Perez, Alie, additional, Camp, Meghan, additional, Shipley, Lisa A., additional, Varner, Johanna, additional, Chestnut, Tara, additional, Connors, Patrice K., additional, Light, Jessica E., additional, Tanis, Brian P., additional, Drew, Joshua A., additional, Anderson, Chris N., additional, Perry, Anali M., additional, Henning, Charon E., additional, Casillas, Mary, additional, Hinde, Katie, additional, Clair, C. Toby St., additional, Routledge, Kyle, additional, Palmer, Charlie, additional, Martinez-Nunez, Felix, additional, Cousins, Christopher, additional, Garcia, Tiffany, additional, Bredeweg, Evan, additional, Levi, Taal, additional, Allen, Jennifer, additional, Dodds, Jeanne, additional, Ernest, Kristina, additional, Escajeda, Erica, additional, Stafford, Kate, additional, Woodgate, Rebecca, additional, Laidre, Kristin, additional, Froschauer, Ann, additional, Hogan, Bronwyn, additional, Dickerson, Kimberly, additional, Smith-Castro, Jennifer, additional, Reichard, Jonathan, additional, Coleman, Jeremy, additional, Goerz, James, additional, Oyster, Jared, additional, Harris, Rich, additional, Kroll, AJ, additional, Reynolds, Claudine, additional, Johnson, Josh, additional, Shaw, David, additional, Goldberg, Caren S., additional, Pope, Karen, additional, Nelson, Nicolette, additional, Piovia-Scott, Jonah, additional, Hale, Jessica R., additional, Laidre, Kristin L., additional, Tinker, M. Tim, additional, Jameson, Ronald J., additional, Jeffries, Steven J., additional, Larson, Shawn E., additional, Bodkin, James L., additional, Haman, Katherine, additional, Hallock, Lisa, additional, Kalisz, Lameace, additional, Keren, Ilai, additional, Harris, Jeff, additional, Happe, Patti, additional, Hauck, Laura, additional, Penaluna, Brooke, additional, Cronn, Richard, additional, Weitemier, Kevin, additional, Homyack, Jessica A., additional, Hane, Matt, additional, Beech, Storm, additional, Rochelle, Michael J., additional, Hossack, Blake, additional, Honeycutt, Ken, additional, Mccaffery, Rebecca, additional, Russell, Robin, additional, Hull, Iver T., additional, Berry, Stephanie L., additional, Loggers, Chris, additional, Johnson, Timothy R., additional, Jeffries, Steven, additional, Lambourn, Dyanna, additional, Oliver, Josh, additional, Delong, Robert, additional, Melin, Sharon, additional, Gearin, Pat, additional, Orr, Tony, additional, Laake, Jeff, additional, Jones, Katie, additional, Kalisz, Glen P., additional, Mcallister, Kelly, additional, Kaufman, Victoria, additional, Wilson, Matthew, additional, Blewett, Tina, additional, King, Travis, additional, Thornton, Daniel, additional, Kozma, Jeffrey M., additional, Kroll, Andrew J., additional, Thornton, Jamie, additional, Lambourn, Dyanna. M., additional, Jeffries, Steve. J., additional, D'Agnese, Erin, additional, Smith, Woutrina, additional, Wilkinson, Kristin, additional, Huggins, Jessica, additional, Rice, James, additional, Duffield, Deborah, additional, Grigg, Michael, additional, Raverty, Stephen A., additional, Larson, Shawn, additional, Leppin, Mark, additional, Bury, R. B., additional, Lewis, Jeffrey C., additional, Ransom, Jason, additional, Werntz, David, additional, Mangan, Anna O., additional, Vogeler, Jody C., additional, Breckheimer, Ian K., additional, King, Wendy M., additional, Bagnall, Keith E., additional, Dugger, Katie M., additional, Matsuda, Brent M., additional, Andrusiak, Lorraine, additional, Clement, Erin, additional, Govindarajulu, Purnima, additional, Bell, Katie, additional, Jenkins, Kurt, additional, Sager-Fradkin, Kim, additional, Mcintyre, Thomas, additional, Shipley, Lisa, additional, Nerkowski, Stacey A., additional, Rachlow, Janet L., additional, Waits, Lisette P., additional, Demay, Stephanie M., additional, Gallie, Jon A., additional, Hohenlohe, Paul A., additional, Adams, Jennifer R., additional, Noren, Dawn P., additional, Raverty, Stephen, additional, Gaydos, Joseph K., additional, Leger, Judy A. ST., additional, Ylitalo, Gina M., additional, Nyman, Stephen, additional, Olson, Deanna H., additional, Ares, Adrian, additional, Puettmann, Klaus J., additional, Parker, Michael S., additional, Parsons, Kim M., additional, Pilliod, David S., additional, Hausner, Mark B., additional, Scherer, Rick D., additional, Mellison, Chad, additional, Reynolds, Nathaniel D., additional, White, Erik, additional, Bergh, Stefanie, additional, Holman, Eric, additional, Stephens, Nicholle, additional, Wainwright, James M., additional, Romansic, John, additional, Gray, Matt, additional, Carter, Davis, additional, Miller, Deb, additional, Rodriguez, Roger, additional, Rodhouse, Thomas J., additional, Ormsbee, Pat, additional, Irvine, Kathryn, additional, Barnett, Jenny, additional, Reif, Sarah, additional, Rombough, Chris, additional, Trunk, Laura, additional, Sandilands, Doug, additional, Sipe, Hannah A., additional, Converse, Sarah J., additional, Stone, Suzanne A., additional, Breck, Stewart W., additional, Timberlake, Jesse, additional, Haswell, Peter M., additional, Najera, Fernando, additional, Bean, Brian S., additional, Thornhill, Daniel J., additional, Sytsma, Mira, additional, Prugh, Laura, additional, Gardner, Beth, additional, Lewis, Tania, additional, Thomas, Austen C., additional, Howard, Jesse, additional, Nguyen, Phong, additional, Seimon, Tracie A., additional, Tidwell, Kyle S., additional, Carrothers, Brett A., additional, Bayley, Kristen N., additional, Magill, Lindsay N., additional, Leeuw, Bjorn K. Van Der, additional, Trites, Andrew W., additional, Urbina, Jenny, additional, Schwalm, Donelle, additional, Valerio, Azzurra, additional, Valerio, Mariacristina, additional, Casadei, Luca, additional, Haegen, Matthew Vander, additional, Norman, Christi, additional, Bayard, Trina, additional, Warlick, Amanda, additional, Ward, Eric, additional, O'Neill, Sandra, additional, Hanson, Brad, additional, Ylitalo, Gina, additional, Weil, Katy, additional, Whiles, Logan, additional, Wilmoth, Jodi, additional, Wolf, Tlell, additional, Short, Jesse, additional, Bowerman, Jay, additional, Yarber, Christian, additional, Goldberg, Caren, additional, Pessier, Allan, additional, Brunner, Jesse, additional, and Zerbini, Alexandre N., additional

Published
2019
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24. Spatio-Temporal Characterization of Pinniped Strandings and Human Interaction Cases in the Pacific Northwest, 1991-2016

Author

Warlick, Amanda J., primary, Duffield, Deborah A., additional, Lambourn, Dyanna M., additional, Jeffries, Steven J., additional, Rice, James M., additional, Gaydos, Joseph K., additional, Huggins, Jessica L., additional, Calambokidis, John, additional, Lahner, Lesanna L., additional, Olson, Jennifer, additional, D’Agnese, Erin, additional, Souze, Victoria, additional, Elsby, Alysha, additional, and Norman, Stephanie A., additional

Published
2018
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25. Application of real-time quantitative PCR assays for detecting marine Brucella spp. in fish

Author

Norman, Stephanie A., primary, Delaney, Martha A., additional, Haman, Katherine H., additional, Thomas, Austen C., additional, Godfroid, Jacques, additional, Larsen, Anett K., additional, Nymo, Ingebjørg H., additional, Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, additional, Quance, Christine, additional, Rhyan, Jack C., additional, Lambourn, Dyanna M., additional, Jeffries, Steven J., additional, and Rabinowitz, Peter, additional

Published
2017
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26. Application of real-time quantitative PCR assays for detecting marine Brucella spp. in fish.

Author

Norman, Stephanie A., Delaney, Martha A., Haman, Katherine H., Thomas, Austen C., Godfroid, Jacques, Larsen, Anett K., Nymo, Ingebjørg H., Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, Quance, Christine, Rhyan, Jack C., Lambourn, Dyanna M., Jeffries, Steven J., and Rabinowitz, Peter

Subjects
BRUCELLA, POLYMERASE chain reaction, SEROCONVERSION
Abstract

Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis have been documented as occurring in marine mammals, and B. ceti has been identified in 3 naturally acquired human cases. Seroconversion and infection patterns in Pacific Northwest harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) and North Atlantic hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) indicate post-weaning exposure through prey consumption or lungworm infection, suggesting fish and possibly invertebrates play an epizootiologic role in marine Brucella transmission and possible foodborne risk to humans. We determined if real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays can detect marine Brucella DNA in fish DNA. Insertion sequence (IS)711 gene and sequence type (ST)27 primer–probe sets were used to detect Brucella associated with marine mammals and human zoonotic infections, respectively. First, DNA extracts from paired-species fish (containing 2 species) samples were tested and determined to be Brucella DNA negative using both IS711 and ST27 primer–probe sets. A representative paired-species fish DNA sample was spiked with decreasing concentrations of B. pinnipedialis DNA to verify Brucella detection by the IS711 primer–probe within fish DNA. A standard curve, developed using isolated DNA from B. pinnipedialis, determined the limit of detection. Finally, the IS711 primer–probe was used to test Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) DNA extracts experimentally infected with the B. pinnipedialis hooded seal strain. In culture-positive cod tissue, the IS711 limit of detection was ~1 genome copy of Brucella. Agreement between culture and PCR results for the 9 positive and 9 negative cod tissues was 100%. Although a larger sample set is required for validation, our study shows that qPCR can detect marine Brucella in fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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27. Recovery rates of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) carcasses estimated from stranding and survival rate data

Author

Carretta, James V., primary, Danil, Kerri, additional, Chivers, Susan J., additional, Weller, David W., additional, Janiger, David S., additional, Berman-Kowalewski, Michelle, additional, Hernandez, Keith M., additional, Harvey, James T., additional, Dunkin, Robin C., additional, Casper, David R., additional, Stoudt, Shelbi, additional, Flannery, Maureen, additional, Wilkinson, Kristin, additional, Huggins, Jessie, additional, and Lambourn, Dyanna M., additional

Published
2015
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30. Application of real-time quantitative PCR assays for detecting marine Brucellaspp. in fish

Author

Norman, Stephanie A., Delaney, Martha A., Haman, Katherine H., Thomas, Austen C., Godfroid, Jacques, Larsen, Anett K., Nymo, Ingebjørg H., Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, Quance, Christine, Rhyan, Jack C., Lambourn, Dyanna M., Jeffries, Steven J., and Rabinowitz, Peter

Abstract

Brucella cetiand Brucella pinnipedialishave been documented as occurring in marine mammals, and B. cetihas been identified in 3 naturally acquired human cases. Seroconversion and infection patterns in Pacific Northwest harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) and North Atlantic hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) indicate post-weaning exposure through prey consumption or lungworm infection, suggesting fish and possibly invertebrates play an epizootiologic role in marine Brucellatransmission and possible foodborne risk to humans. We determined if real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays can detect marine BrucellaDNA in fish DNA. Insertion sequence (IS)711gene and sequence type (ST)27 primer–probe sets were used to detect Brucellaassociated with marine mammals and human zoonotic infections, respectively. First, DNA extracts from paired-species fish (containing 2 species) samples were tested and determined to be BrucellaDNA negative using both IS711and ST27 primer–probe sets. A representative paired-species fish DNA sample was spiked with decreasing concentrations of B. pinnipedialisDNA to verify Brucelladetection by the IS711primer–probe within fish DNA. A standard curve, developed using isolated DNA from B. pinnipedialis, determined the limit of detection. Finally, the IS711primer–probe was used to test Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) DNA extracts experimentally infected with the B. pinnipedialishooded seal strain. In culture-positive cod tissue, the IS711limit of detection was ~1 genome copy of Brucella. Agreement between culture and PCR results for the 9 positive and 9 negative cod tissues was 100%. Although a larger sample set is required for validation, our study shows that qPCR can detect marine Brucellain fish.

Published
2018
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32. Recovery rates of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) carcasses estimated from stranding and survival rate data.

Author

Carretta, James V., Danil, Kerri, Chivers, Susan J., Weller, David W., Janiger, David S., Berman‐Kowalewski, Michelle, Hernandez, Keith M., Harvey, James T., Dunkin, Robin C., Casper, David R., Stoudt, Shelbi, Flannery, Maureen, Wilkinson, Kristin, Huggins, Jessie, and Lambourn, Dyanna M.

Subjects
BOTTLENOSE dolphin, ANIMAL carcasses, ANIMAL mortality, MARINE biology
Abstract

Recovery of cetacean carcasses provides data on levels of human-caused mortality, but represents only a minimum count of impacts. Counts of stranded carcasses are negatively biased by factors that include at-sea scavenging, sinking, drift away from land, stranding in locations where detection is unlikely, and natural removal from beaches due to wave and tidal action prior to detection. We estimate the fraction of carcasses recovered for a population of coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), using abundance and survival rate data to estimate annual deaths in the population. Observed stranding numbers are compared to expected deaths to estimate the fraction of carcasses recovered. For the California coastal population of bottlenose dolphins, we estimate the fraction of carcasses recovered to be 0.25 (95% CI = 0.20- 0.33). During a 12 yr period, 327 animals (95% CI = 253-413) were expected to have died and been available for recovery, but only 83 carcasses attributed to this population were documented. Given the coastal habits of California coastal bottlenose dolphins, it is likely that carcass recovery rates of this population greatly exceed recovery rates of more pelagic dolphin species in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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36. Discovery of an orthoreovirus in the aborted fetus of a Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus)

Author

Palacios, Gustavo, primary, Wellehan, James F. X., additional, Raverty, Stephen, additional, Bussetti, Ana V., additional, Hui, Jeffrey, additional, Savji, Nazir, additional, Nollens, Hendrik H., additional, Lambourn, Dyanna, additional, Celone, Christopher, additional, Hutchison, Stephen, additional, Calisher, Charles H., additional, Nielsen, Ole, additional, and Lipkin, W. Ian, additional

Published
2011
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37. The application of GIS and spatiotemporal analyses to investigations of unusual marine mammal strandings and mortality events

Author

Norman, Stephanie A., primary, Huggins, Jessie, additional, Carpenter, Tim E., additional, Case, James T., additional, Lambourn, Dyanna M., additional, Rice, Jim, additional, Calambokidis, John, additional, Gaydos, Joseph K., additional, Hanson, M. Bradley, additional, Duffield, Deborah A., additional, Dubpernell, Sandra, additional, Berta, Susan, additional, and Klope, Matt, additional

Published
2011
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43. Dedicated beach surveys along the central Washington coast reveal a high proportion of unreported marine mammal strandings.

Author

Huggins, Jessica L., Oliver, Josh, Lambourn, Dyanna M., Calambokidis, John, Diehl, Bethany, and Jeffries, Steven

Subjects
MARINE mammal mortality, SEASONS, GRAY whale, AQUATIC mammals
Abstract

The article examines the rate at which marine mammal mortalities were unreported and how this rate varied by season, species, and site on the outer coast of central Washington. The authors found different strandings that were not reported including a dead gray whale, a harbor porpoise, and several pinnipeds.

Published
2015
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44. ANTIBODIES TO PHOCINE HERPESVIRUS-1 ARE COMMON IN NORTH AMERICAN HARBOR SEALS (PHOCA VITULINA)

Author

Goldstein, Tracey, primary, Gulland, Frances M. D., additional, Aldridge, Brian M., additional, Harvey, James T., additional, Rowles, Teri, additional, Lambourn, Dyanna M., additional, Jeffries, Steven J., additional, Measures, Lena, additional, Yochem, Pamela K., additional, Stewart, Brent S., additional, Small, Robert J., additional, King, Donald P., additional, Stott, Jeffrey L., additional, and Mazet, Jonna A. K., additional

Published
2003
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45. BRUCELLA PINNIPEDIALIS INFECTIONS IN PACIFIC HARBOR SEALS (PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDSI) FROM WASHINGTON STATE, USA.

Author

Lambourn, Dyanna M., Garner, Michael, Ewalt, Darla, Raverty, Stephen, Sidor, Inga, Jeffries, Steven J., Rhyan, Jack, and Gaydos, Joseph K.

Abstract

The article discusses a study that described the epizootiology of Brucella pinnipedialis in harbor seals from Washington. No sex predilection was found in harbor seal exposure or infection with the zoonotic pathogen. However, a significant difference was identified among age classes, with weaned pups, yearlings and sub-adults having the highest exposure and infection. Verminous pneumonia due to Parafilaroides or Otosrongulus circumlitus was the most common postmortem finding.

Published
2013
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47. The application of GIS and spatiotemporal analyses to investigations of unusual marine mammal strandings and mortality events.

Author

Norman, Stephanie A., Huggins, Jessie, Carpenter, Tim E., Case, James T., Lambourn, Dyanna M., Rice, Jim, Calambokidis, John, Gaydos, Joseph K., Hanson, M. Bradley, Duffield, Deborah A., Dubpernell, Sandra, Berta, Susan, and Klope, Matt

Subjects
GEOGRAPHIC information systems, SPATIOTEMPORAL processes, MARINE mammal behavior, STRANDING of aquatic animals, HARBOR porpoise
Abstract

In 2006-2007, an unusually high number of harbor porpoises ( Phocoena phocoena) stranded along the Washington and Oregon coastlines. Spatiotemporal analyses were used to examine their ability to detect clusters of porpoise strandings during an unusual mortality event (UME) in the Pacific Northwest using stranding location data. Strandings were evaluated as two separate populations, outer coast and inland waters. The presence of global clustering was evaluated using the Knox spatiotemporal test, and the presence of local clusters was investigated using a spatiotemporal scan statistic (space-time permutation). There was evidence of global clustering, but no local clustering, supporting the hypothesis that strandings were due to more varied etiologies instead of localized causes. Further analyses at subregional levels, and concurrently assessing environmental factors, might reveal additional geographic distribution patterns. This article describes the spatial analytical tools applied in this study and how they can help elucidate the spatiotemporal epidemiology of other UMEs and assist in determining their causes. More than one spatial analytical technique should be used if the study objective is to detect and describe clustering in time and space and to generate hypotheses regarding causation of marine mammal disease and stranding events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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49. Coxiella burnetiiInfection of a Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Found in Washington State

Author

Kersh, Gilbert J., Lambourn, Dyanna M., Self, Joshua S., Akmajian, Adrianne M., Stanton, James B., Baszler, Timothy V., Raverty, Stephen A., and Massung, Robert F.

Abstract

ABSTRACTA pregnant sea lion stranded in the State of Washington was found to have placentitis caused by a unique strain of Coxiella burnetii. This is the first description of coxiellosis in a sea lion and suggests that exposure to sea lions may be a risk factor for contracting Q fever.

Published
2010
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50. Detection of Pathogenic LeptospiraBacteria in Pinniped Populations via PCR and Identification of a Source of Transmission for Zoonotic Leptospirosis in the Marine Environment

Author

Cameron, Caroline E., Zuerner, Richard L., Raverty, Stephen, Colegrove, Kathleen M., Norman, Stephanie A., Lambourn, Dyanna M., Jeffries, Steven J., and Gulland, Frances M.

Abstract

ABSTRACTLeptospirosis, caused by the spirochete Leptospira, is a geographically widespread disease that affects a broad range of mammals, including marine mammals. Among pinniped populations, periodic epizootics of leptospirosis are responsible for significant die-offs. Along the west coast of North America, the most recent leptospirosis epizootic occurred in 2004, during which samples were collected from cases ranging from California to British Columbia. The primary objective of this study was to use this well-defined sample set to determine the feasibility of using PCR techniques to diagnose Leptospirainfection among pinniped populations in comparison with diagnostic methodologies commonly used for marine mammals. Successful amplification was achieved from a variety of samples, including freshly collected urine, urine stored at -80°C for less than 6 months, and kidney (freshly collected, frozen, and decomposed), as well as feces- and urine-contaminated sand collected in the vicinity of a live-stranded animal. Pathological examination of tissue collected from Leptospira-infected animals revealed the presence of leptospiral antigen in the kidneys. The use of species-specific primer pairs revealed a pattern of host specificity for Leptospira interrogansin sea lions and Leptospira kirschneriin elephant seals. These studies indicate PCR is a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for the detection of Leptospirainfection in pinnipeds and reveal a potential source for epizootic, enzootic, and zoonotic spread of leptospirosis in a marine environment.

Published
2008
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