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Introduction: The relative efficacy of different antiretroviral (ART) regimens has been extensively evaluated in the context of clinical trials, using HIV viral load (VL) measurements at pre-specified timepoints after ART onset. However, data from real-life studies using combined longitudinal measurements of cumulative viraemia are scarce. This study aimed to address the independent effect of different ART regimens on HIV cumulative viraemia over the first 12 months after treatment initiation, using programmatic data from the Ministry of Health of Brazil. Methods: Retrospective cohort study analysing cumulative viraemia under the most frequently used ART regimens in Brazi (tenofovir, lamivudine and dolutegravir (regimen 1); tenofovir, lamivudine and efavirenz (regimen 2); tenofovir, lamivudine and ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (regimen 3)). Results and Discussion: We included 112,243 patients >12 years old who received their first ART prescription between January 2014 and August 2017. Univariate analysis indicated that cumulative viraemia was significantly lower in patients receiving regimen 1 as compared with those receiving regimens 2 or 3 (p Conclusions: Our findings could bring direct benefits to patients as suggested by lower viral replication during treatment, lower risk of HIV transmission, and a potential reduction in resistance mutations in the initial 12 months under ART. Keywords: HIV; antiretroviral treatment; cumulative viremia; efficacy; antiretroviral regimen; real-life, 1 | INTRODUCTION The relative efficacy of different antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens has been extensively evaluated in the context of clinical trials [1-3]. Nevertheless, real-life studies may still contribute with [...]

A study to compare the efficacy and safety of the fixed-dose combination group to the separate entities group, in combination with tenofovir and a new protease inhibitor or nonnucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor in antiretroviral-experienced adults experiencing virologic failure is illustrated. Combination antiretroviral therapy has dramatically reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection and a one-tablet, once-daily abacavir/lamivudine (FDC) has been recently approved to treat HIV-1 infection.

The efficacy and safety of 48 weeks of therapy with entecavir with 48 weeks of therapy with lamivudine in the patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B who had not previously received a nucleoside analogue are compared. The results show that the rates of histologic improvement, virologic response and normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels are higher with entecavir than with lamivudine, whereas the safety profiles of the two agents are similar and there is no evidence of viral resistance to entecavir.

The efficacy and safety of 48 weeks of therapy with entecavir with 48 weeks of therapy with lamivudine in the patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B who had not previously received a nucleoside analogue are compared. The results show that the rates of histologic, virologic and biochemical improvement are higher with entecavir than with lamivudine, whereas the safety profiles are similar and there is no evidence of viral resistance to entecavir.

A prospective, randomized, multicenter noninferiority study comparing the regiments of tenofovir DF, emtricitabine and efavirenz and a fixed dose of zidovudine and lamivudine plus efavirenz were conducted. Results revealed that the combination of tenofovir DF and emtricitabine plus efavirenz fulfilled the criteria for noninferiority to a fixed dose of zidovudine and lamivudine plus efavirenz and proved superior in terms of virologic suppression, CD4 response, and adverse events resulting in discontinuation of the study drugs.

Abacavir (ABC) and lamivudine (3TC) administered twice daily, were compared with an ABC + 3TC fixed-dose combination administered once daily, both in combination with a protease inhibitor (PI) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). It was shown that a dual-nucleoside backbone of ABC and 3TC administered once or twice daily is effective, durable and well tolerated.