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Abolitionist dreamers have called for justice-oriented teachers to teach K-12 students with marginalized identities through methods of critical and culturally responsive/sustaining pedagogies (Freire, 1970/2018; Gay, 2018; Ladson-Billings, 1995/2021; Paris & Alim, 2014); acts of love, care, hope, and healing (Ginwright, 2016; Love, 2019); and the humanization of students in STEM spaces (Benjamin, 2019). The dehumanization and silencing of students with marginalized identities in math, science, and computing spaces have resulted in significant harm to their STEM identities (Matthews, 2018; Vakil, 2018; Yeh et al., 2021). Critical and humanizing pedagogy seeks to move away from the practice of having students divest from their culture and assimilate to survive in schools (Salazar, 2013) and computing spaces. Teachers can transform schools and serve to liberate students through acts of love and care, the intentional humanization of students, and the development of social agency toward cultural, social, political, and institutional action for justice.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar las percepciones sobre el proceso de formación de futuros profesores de Lengua y Literatura que poseen los académicos que imparten asignaturas de literatura y didáctica en carreras de pedagogía en lenguaje. Para ello se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, a partir del cual se realizaron 12 entrevistas semiestructuradas a académicos y académicas de carreras de pedagogía en lenguaje provenientes de 3 universidades, pertenecientes al Consejo de Rectores de las Universidades Chilenas (CRUCH). Para el tratamiento de los datos se utilizó análisis de contenido (Miles et al.) asistido por NVivo12. Los resultados indican, principalmente, que, si bien la enseñanza de la literatura se considera un aspecto central de la formación de profesores, esta requiere mayor articulación con la didáctica, puesto que se tiende a generar una hiperespecialización en el ámbito literario, lo que dificulta que los futuros profesores adquieran una didáctica de la literatura durante su proceso formativo. A modo de conclusión, se considera pertinente avanzar en el desarrollo de líneas de acción que articulen el trabajo realizado en la universidad con las necesidades actuales de las aulas de Lengua y Literatura de educación secundaria.

Abstract Cyclic fluorescence microscopy enables multiple targets to be detected simultaneously. This, in turn, has deepened our understanding of tissue composition, cell-to-cell interactions, and cell signaling. Unfortunately, analysis of these datasets can be time-prohibitive due to the sheer volume of data. In this paper, we present CycloNET, a computational pipeline tailored for analyzing raw fluorescent images obtained through cyclic immunofluorescence. The automated pipeline pre-processes raw image files, quickly corrects for translation errors between imaging cycles, and leverages a pre-trained neural network to segment individual cells and generate single-cell molecular profiles. We applied CycloNET to a dataset of 22 human samples from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients and trained a neural network to segment immune cells. CycloNET efficiently processed a large-scale dataset (17 fields of view per cycle and 13 staining cycles per specimen) in 10 min, delivering insights at the single-cell resolution and facilitating the identification of rare immune cell clusters. We expect that this rapid pipeline will serve as a powerful tool to understand complex biological systems at the cellular level, with the potential to facilitate breakthroughs in areas such as developmental biology, disease pathology, and personalized medicine.

Migration and global displacement of populations in Latin America and the Caribbean have increased US Latinxs intergroup diversity, propelling fields like Chicanx Studies and Latinx Studies (CSLS) to question the taken-for-granted homogeneity of Latinidad and Chicanismo. Inter-group oppression within these imagined collectives has also shed light on overlapping colonial systems, specifically launching critiques of Latinidad that include the historical centering of cisheteronormativity within Chicanismo, AfroLatinxs, AsianLatinxs, and Indigenous erasure, as well as anti-Blackness and anti-Indio sentiments. Such critiques are pushing CSLS into a moment of reckoning. This article provides a "loving critique" of CSLS with an emphasis in education where innovative analytics like Critical Latinx Indigeneities (CLI) and Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy (CSP) are pressing these fields into unpacking and reorienting in ways that challenge the very narratives and discourses that in previous generations were empowering. A "loving critique" of CSLS is taken up by asking, what does CSLS need to re/think given the current diversity of "Latinx" communities? What can CSLS learn from CLI and CSP without appropriating or romanticizing them? How can CSLS not just survive but thrive and endure by engaging and learning from the opportunity that change brings?

This study documents novice science and math teachers’ developing pedagogical approaches to integrating computational thinking (CT) and data into their courses to support educational equity and social justice. The 10 novice teacher candidates (TCs) studied were part of an urban teacher residency program that empowered them with an asset-based pedagogy we describe as “CT for Equity.” Drawing on coursework and interviews as data, we asked three questions: What are teachers’ conceptions of CT? What are their CT instructional practices? And how did their students respond to those practices? To explore conceptions of CT, we used Kafai et al.’s (2020) articulation of three frames of CT – cognitive, situated, and critical approaches – and found that the TCs’ conceptions do not narrowly fit into one of the three frames, but rather they mix and match components of the perspectives to support a range of student outcomes, from transferable skills to preparing youth to explore social justice issues. We also identified a small but powerful set of core practices that the teachers used to support learning outcomes, including integrating data on locally and socially relevant issues. We present group-level trends and three classroom stories, or profiles of practice, to illustrate the generative ways TCs blended priorities from the three frames in instruction. The diversity in the TCs’ conceptions and practices deepens understandings of asset-based pedagogies in CT by shining light on the rich and varied ways that math and science teachers meet the needs of their minoritized students.

Low-income, rural frontline communities of California's Central Valley experience environmental and socioeconomic injustice, water insecurity, extremely poor air quality, and lack of fundamental infrastructure (sewage, green areas, health services), which makes them less resilient. Many communities depend financially on agriculture, while water scarcity and associated policy may trigger farmland retirement further hindering socioeconomic opportunities. Here we propose a multi-benefit framework to repurpose cropland in buffers inside and around (400-m and 1600-m buffers) 154 rural disadvantaged communities of the Central Valley to promote socioeconomic opportunities, environmental benefits, and business diversification. We estimate the potential for (1) reductions in water and pesticide use, nitrogen leaching, and nitrogen gas emissions, (2) managed aquifer recharge, and (3) economic and employment impacts associated with clean industries and solar energy. Retiring cropland within 1600-m buffers can result in reductions in water use of 2.18 km3/year, nitrate leaching into local aquifers of 105,500 t/year, greenhouse gas emissions of 2,232,000 t CO2-equivalent/year, and 5388 t pesticides/year, with accompanying losses in agricultural revenue of US$4213 million/year and employment of 25,682 positions. Buffer repurposing investments of US$27 million/year per community for ten years show potential to generate US$101 million/year per community (total US$15,578 million/year) for 30 years and 407 new jobs/year (total 62,697 jobs/year) paying 67 % more than prior farmworker jobs. In the San Joaquin Valley (southern Central Valley), where groundwater overdraft averages 2.3 km3/year, potential water use reduction is 1.8 km3/year. We have identified 99 communities with surficial soils adequate for aquifer recharge and canals/rivers within 1600 m. This demonstrates the potential of managed aquifer recharge in buffered zones to substantially reduce overdraft. The buffers framework shows that well-planned land repurposing near disadvantaged communities can create multiple benefits for farmers and industry stakeholders, while improving quality of life in disadvantaged communities and producing positive externalities for society.

This paper shows the optimal cost design for T-shaped combined footings of reinforced concrete (RC), which are subjected to biaxial bending in each column to determine the steel areas and the thickness of the footings assuming a linear distribution of soil pressure. The methodology used in this paper is as follows: First, the minimum contact surface between the footing and the ground is investigated. The design equations for the combined footing are then used to determine the objective function and its constraints to obtain the lowest cost, taking into account the ACI code requirements. Flowcharts are shown for the lowest cost and the use of Maple 15 software. The current model for design is developed as follows: A footing thickness is proposed, and then it is verified that the thickness complies with the effects produced by moments, bending shears, and punching shears. Furthermore, four numerical examples are presented under the same loads and moments applied to each column, with different conditions applied to obtain the optimal contact surface and then the minimum cost design. The results show that the optimal cost design (lowest cost) is more economical and more accurate than any other model, and there is no direct proportion between the minimum contact surface and lowest cost for the design of T-shaped combined footings. In this way, the minimum cost model shown in this work can be applied to the design of rectangular and T-shaped combined footings using optimization techniques.

Recently, ceramic–carbonate membrane reactors have been proposed to selectively separate CO2 at elevated temperatures and to valorize this pollutant gas by coupling a catalyzed reaction. This work explores using a membrane reactor to perform the oxidative reforming of propane by taking advantage of the CO2- and O2-permeating properties of a LiAlO2/Ag–carbonate membrane. The fabricated membrane showed excellent permeation properties, such as CO2/N2 and O2/N2 selectivity, when operating in the 725–850 °C temperature range. The membrane exhibited remarkable stability during the long-term permeation test under operating conditions, exhibiting minor microstructural and permeation changes. Then, by packing a Ni/CeO2 catalyst, the membrane reactor arrangement showed efficient syngas production, especially at temperatures above 800 °C. A hydrogen-rich syngas mixture was obtained by the contributions of the oxidative reforming and cracking reactions. Specific issues observed regarding the membrane reactor’s performance are attributed to the catalyst that was used, which experienced significant poisoning by carbon deposition during the reaction, affecting syngas production during the long-term test. Thermodynamic calculations were performed to support the experimental results.

Summer Youth Programs continue to grow as a way to provide alternative educational spaces for Youth of Color who are often framed in deficit ways and that position them as being "at-risk" or in need of assistance (Weiner, 2006; Brown, 2016). To address these perceived deficits, after school and summer programs have been created and funded to serve the needs of children and Youth of Color, in particular Latinxs and African Americans. The literature often centralizes a pathologizing narrative that Youth of Color need saving (Tuck, 2009) via Summer Youth Programs to "keep youth off the streets" and avoid delinquency (Baldridge, 2014). Recent scholarship points to the necessity to interrogate the underlying racialized discourse that permeates through summer youth programming towards one that acknowledges and centers youth agency, resiliency, and identity. This article presents findings from a study of Latinx youth that participated in a summer youth program hosted virtually through collaboration with the Prevention and Early Intervention Division of the Texas Department of Family & Protective Services, and two universities in Central Texas. Due to COVID-19, the summit was re-imagined virtually and strives to build and nurture a community of youth leaders. This qualitative study also examines and evaluates Latinx youth participants' (ages 13 to 18) expectations of and experiences in the virtual summer youth summit. Our study questions included: 1) How do Latinx youth learn about leadership through an Online Youth Summit amidst COVID-19? And 2) How does the Youth Summit provide a (virtual) space to re-narrate Latinx youth leadership? Emerging findings indicate that Latinx youth were given opportunities to re-narrate leadership and activism, co-create networks and virtual connections with other Latinx and Black youth, and reflect on their own identities and community involvements.

Cell Reports speaks with Seth S. Margolis and Eric Villalón Landeros about their scientific journeys, experiences, and interests that have led to their recent work in our journal, which demonstrates a role for the neuronal membrane proteasome in modulating the activity of sensory neurons.

International reconsideration of Mexican film noir is a recent phenomenon. For decades, Mexican film criticism tended to dismiss the importance of this tradition and even to deny its existence, often citing the presence of melodramatic elements in would-be noir films and the lack of a crime novel tradition for screen adaptations. By comparing two Mexican films to similar American productions and examining the local political and economic conditions of the former, this article argues that Mexican film noir had its own pessimistic viewpoints, which were borrowed from journalism and the illustrated press. These viewpoints were based on existing social ailments and delivered relevant criticism of the institutions, classism, and sexual norms of the postrevolutionary Mexican state of the 1940s and 1950s.

Although sandy islands in arid environments are vital protection sites for endemic species, they face constant natural and anthropogenic hazards, such as storm surge impacts and the occasional presence of off-road vehicles. Monitoring the sedimentary dune-beach displacement and balance is essential because sediment transportation usually does not depend on external sources, such as rivers. The latest generation of geomatic applications may be relevant to understanding coastal vulnerability due to their ability to acquire and process spatial data at unprecedented scales. The objective of this study was to analyze the sedimentary dynamics of a distinctive dune corridor on Altamura Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. We compared three ultra-high spatial resolution digital surface models (DSMs) with geomorphic change detection (DoD), covering the 1150 m coastal stretch. We used light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data and analyzed changes in the coastline with the semi-automatic CoastSat tool. Although the orthomosaics and the DSM collected in April, June, and October 2021 show different conditions in sediment distribution along the beach-dune interface, depending on the direction and intensity of the wind, the two DoDs showed a constant sediment distribution balance of ~13 M m3 between April and June and June and October. LiDAR data along the 40-km length of the sandy island indicate that the entire island could present a similar sedimentation pattern between the dune and beach interface. The CoastSat data indicate a constant accretion of 125 m in the beach-ocean interface between 2015 and 2022. This study demonstrates that the sediment balance between the dune and the beach on arid sandy islands is vital for conserving their shoreline and all associated coastal ecosystems.

This study proposes a new dense membrane for selectively separating CO2 and O2 at high temperatures and simultaneously producing syngas. The membrane consists of a cermet-type material infiltrated with a ternary carbonate phase. Initially, the co-doped ceria of composition Ce0.9Zr0.05Y0.05O2−δ (CZY) was synthesized by using the conventional solid-state reaction method. Then, the ceramic was mixed with commercial silver powders using a ball milling process and subsequently uniaxially pressed and sintered to form the disk-shaped cermet. The dense membrane was finally formed via the infiltration of molten salts into the porous cermet supports. At high temperatures (700–850 °C), the membranes exhibit CO2/N2 and O2/N2 permselectivity and a high permeation flux under different CO2 concentrations in the feed and sweeping gas flow rates. The observed permeation properties make its use viable for CO2 valorization via the oxy-CO2 reforming of methane, wherein both CO2 and O2 permeated gases were effectively utilized to produce hydrogen-rich syngas (H2 + CO) through a catalytic membrane reactor arrangement at different temperatures ranging from 700 to 850 °C. The effect of the ceramic filler in the cermet is discussed, and continuous permeation testing, up to 115 h, demonstrated the membrane’s superior chemical and thermal stability by confirming the absence of any chemical interaction between the material and the carbonates as well as the absence of significant sintering concerns with the pure silver.

Parasitic species of Trichoderma use hydrolytic enzymes to destroy the host cell wall. Preferent carbon and nitrogen sources suppress the expression of genes related to parasitism. Here, different nutrients were evaluated in the parasitic isolated NI-1, which was identified as Trichoderma atroviride. The genes cbh1 and chb2 (cellobiohydrolases), bgl3.1 (endoglucanase), and pra1 and prb1 (proteinases) were poorly expressed during the interaction between NI-1 and Phytophthora capsici on PDA. However, gene expression improved on minimal medium with preferent and alternative carbon sources. Dextrin and glucose stimulated higher transcript levels than cellulose, sucrose, and glycerol. Also, ammonium stimulated a stronger parasitic responsiveness than the alternative nitrogen sources. During interaction against different phytopathogens, NI-1 detects their host differentially from a distance due to the cbh1 and cbh2 genes being only induced by P. capsici. The pra1 and ech42 genes were induced before contact with Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani, while when confronted with P. capsici they were stimulated until contact and overgrowth. The prb1 and bgl3.1 genes were induced before contact against the three-host assayed. Overall, T. atroviride prefers to parasitize and has the capacity to distinguish between an oomycete and a fungus, but nutrient quality regulates its parasitic responsiveness.

Determination of the optimal operational policy for an automotive supply chain is explored under a centralized management approach using dynamic programming. A deterministic optimal control model is proposed to meet multi-product demand over a period while minimizing a cost performance index for a five-echelon network. The production-inventory levels are the state variables and the raw material acquisition rates are the control variables to be decided in the problem. The novelties include parts mixing operations, assembly requirements, and a push–pull chain operation strategy. The continuous model is solved using Iterative Dynamic Programming, an algorithm with successful applications in chemical engineering problems. Its implementation here is the first in supply chain (SC) management models. The results demonstrate that the proposal is suitable to represent the dynamic behavior of the SC and provides useful information to outline a cooperative decision-making process. Managerial insights are derived to improve the resilience and efficiency of the chain.

Differential sensitivity analysis is indispensable in fitting parameters, understanding uncertainty, and forecasting the results of both thought and lab experiments. Although there are many methods currently available for performing differential sensitivity analysis of biological models, it can be difficult to determine which method is best suited for a particular model. In this paper, we explain a variety of differential sensitivity methods and assess their value in some typical biological models. First, we explain the mathematical basis for three numerical methods: adjoint sensitivity analysis, complex perturbation sensitivity analysis, and forward mode sensitivity analysis. We then carry out four instructive case studies. (a) The CARRGO model for tumor-immune interaction highlights the additional information that differential sensitivity analysis provides beyond traditional naive sensitivity methods, (b) the deterministic SIR model demonstrates the value of using second-order sensitivity in refining model predictions, (c) the stochastic SIR model shows how differential sensitivity can be attacked in stochastic modeling, and (d) a discrete birth-death-migration model illustrates how the complex perturbation method of differential sensitivity can be generalized to a broader range of biological models. Finally, we compare the speed, accuracy, and ease of use of these methods. We find that forward mode automatic differentiation has the quickest computational time, while the complex perturbation method is the simplest to implement and the most generalizable.

The current paper studies the problem of minimizing a loss f(x) subject to constraints of the form Dx ∈ S, where S is a closed set, convex or not, and D is a matrix that fuses parameters. Fusion constraints can capture smoothness, sparsity, or more general constraint patterns. To tackle this generic class of problems, we combine the Beltrami-Courant penalty method of optimization with the proximal distance principle. The latter is driven by minimization of penalized objectives f(x)+ρ2dist(Dx,S)2 involving large tuning constants ρ and the squared Euclidean distance of Dx from S. The next iterate xn+1 of the corresponding proximal distance algorithm is constructed from the current iterate xn by minimizing the majorizing surrogate function f(x)+ρ2‖Dx-?S(Dxn)‖2. For fixed ρ and a subanalytic loss f(x) and a subanalytic constraint set S, we prove convergence to a stationary point. Under stronger assumptions, we provide convergence rates and demonstrate linear local convergence. We also construct a steepest descent (SD) variant to avoid costly linear system solves. To benchmark our algorithms, we compare their results to those delivered by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Our extensive numerical tests include problems on metric projection, convex regression, convex clustering, total variation image denoising, and projection of a matrix to a good condition number. These experiments demonstrate the superior speed and acceptable accuracy of our steepest variant on high-dimensional problems. Julia code to replicate all of our experiments can be found at https://github.com/alanderos91/ProximalDistanceAlgorithms.jl.

This study examined the impact of an out-of-school science, technology, engineering, and mathematics-medicine (STEM-M) program in a large U.S. metropolitan area designed to support the learning, development, and educational resilience of high-achieving high school students of color. Students highlighted that a key aspect of the program was the cultivation of what we termed a "culture of transformation." Using a multi-year study (2016-2019), we completed 72 interviews and conducted in-depth qualitative analysis across six cohorts of students (n = 37). In this article, we propose an expanded conceptual model of college socialization for students of color that leverages their engagement with (1) equitable resources, (2) relevant opportunities, (3) diverse knowledge, and (4) meaningful relationships. The relationship between early STEM-M career interest and youth socialization in related out-of-school activities that address larger societal inequities in school success and life and career outcomes warrants further study.

Under UNESCOs global mission, fundamental education became an essential tool for development that was praised for promoting peace and improving the human condition. The Centro de Cooperación Regional para la Educación de Adultos en América Latina y el Caribe (CREFAL) hosted educators from throughout the Americas in Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, to study and intervene through fundamental education programs in local Indigenous communities to implement agricultural, hygienic, arts, civic, and adult literacy projects. In this article, we rethink how fundamental education projects in the 1960s often viewed Indigenous communities in deficit and were implemented as "experimental" interventions with mixed goals. We situate this work within a decolonizing healing framework (Smith 2001) to re-write and re-right the: (1) generalized success of the fundamental education project documented in the CREFAL archives about Nocutzepo and (2) highlight the voices and counter-stories of Indigenous women in Nocutzepo who were minimally present in the CREFAL archival data.

BackgroundImplementation of evidence-based interventions often involves strategies to engage diverse populations while also attempting to maintain external validity. When using health IT tools to deliver patient-centered health messages, systems-level requirements are often at odds with 'on-the ground' tailoring approaches for patient-centered care or ensuring equity among linguistically diverse populations.MethodsWe conducted a fidelity and acceptability-focused evaluation of the STAR MAMA Program, a 5-month bilingual (English and Spanish) intervention for reducing diabetes risk factors among 181 post-partum women with recent gestational diabetes. The study's purpose was to explore fidelity to pre-determined 'core' (e.g. systems integration) and 'modifiable' equity components (e.g. health coaching responsiveness, and variation by language) using an adapted implementation fidelity framework. Participant-level surveys, systems-level databases of message delivery, call completion, and coaching notes were included.Results96.6% of participants are Latina and 80.9% were born outside the US. Among those receiving the STAR MAMA intervention; 55 received the calls in Spanish (61%) and 35 English (39%). 90% (n = 81) completed ≥ one week. Initially, systems errors were common, and increased triggers for health coach call-backs. Although Spanish speakers had more triggers over the intervention period, the difference was not statistically significant. Of the calls triggering a health coach follow-up, attempts were made for 85.4% (n = 152) of the English call triggers and for 80.0% (n = 279) of the Spanish call triggers (NS). Of attempted calls, health coaching calls were complete for 55.6% (n = 85) of English-language call triggers and for 56.6% of Spanish-language call triggers (NS). Some differences in acceptability were noted by language, with Spanish-speakers reporting higher satisfaction with prevention content (p =