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The recent COVID-19 pandemic brought the physical and virtual worlds closer and expedited the adoption of online shopping. In the context of pre- and post-COVID-19 scenarios, this paper establishes the relationship between the growth in online shopping, the shift in in-store grocery and non-grocery shopping trips, and the reciprocity among variables. A random sample of 1646 household responses from Nagpur city was used to develop multiple regression models to explore the interrelationship of these activities and their impact on conventional shopping and travel demand. Model results show the complex interplay between socio-demographic and shopping behaviour variables. The findings suggest incorporating the interplay impacts into travel demand forecasting models. It also highlights the possible effects on urban land use and transport planning. Finally, the study suggests integrating urban land use and transport planning at the activity level for a comprehensive approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in traffic volume in urban road networks poses a significant challenge to transportation safety. It is evident that different traffic zones experience unique crash patterns and severities. The different factors that affect crash rates are caused by the various characteristics of the drivers, weather conditions, design of roadside infrastructure and driving behaviour. Although studies have shown that various factors can affect crash rates, there are insufficient studies on the exact categorization of these factors. Accordingly, the present study focuses on traffic crashes on streets where the risks of an accident occurrence are higher, using Nagpur city, Maharashtra, India as a case study. Three levels of risk zones were selected, i.e. zone-I (low risk), zone-II (medium risk) and zone-III (high risk). The risk zones are created in ArcGIS software using the kernel density estimator function. The association rule was then used to find out the various crash risk factors within the zone. The results of the study reveal that the risk of pedestrian fatalities is higher in areas where the speed limit is more than 40 km/h and day-to-day pedestrian activity is present. Based on the results, we propose a lower speed limit in zone-I, in addition to providing pedestrian-crossing facilities such as zebra crossings or refuge islands for crosswalks. Moreover, we propose implementing an awareness campaign for road traffic safety aimed at educating road users on how to follow road discipline, especially with regard to utilizing pedestrian facilities, aggressive young motorcyclists, lane changing and overtaking manoeuvres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak has accelerated the usage of online platforms for grocery shopping, resulting in lasting changes in shopping behaviour. Even as the severity of the pandemic subsides, online grocery shopping continues to grow. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and surveyed 1650 households in Nagpur city (India) to understand these changes. Results show increased online grocery shopping, reduced in-store visits, and shorter trip distances post-pandemic. Socio-demographics, internet usage, accessibility, and shopping attitudes influence these changes. Positive attitudes towards online shopping and online search behaviour drive the shift to online grocery purchases, impacting brick-and-mortar store visits. Positive attitudes towards online shopping, internet usage, store distance, and changes in offline trips also influence store choices. These findings highlight the substantial influence of online shopping on demand for travel and land use, emphasising the need for comprehensive planning integrating these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]