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7. Effects of maintenance lithium treatment on serum parathyroid hormone and calcium levels: a retrospective longitudinal naturalistic study

Author

Albert U, De Cori D, Aguglia A, Barbaro F, Lanfranco F, Bogetto F, and Maina G

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Umberto Albert,1 David De Cori,1 Andrea Aguglia,1 Francesca Barbaro,1 Fabio Lanfranco,2 Filippo Bogetto,1 Giuseppe Maina3 1Anxiety and Mood Disorders Unit, Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; 2Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; 3Department of Mental Health, San Luigi-Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy Objective: The aim of this retrospective longitudinal naturalistic study was to evaluate the effects of maintenance lithium treatment on parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium levels. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal naturalistic study design was used. Data were collected from the database of a tertiary psychiatric center covering the years 2010–2014. Included were bipolar patients who had never been exposed to lithium and had lithium started, and who had PTH, and total and ionized calcium levels available before and during lithium treatment. Paired t-tests were used to analyze changes in PTH and calcium levels. Linear regressions were performed, with mean lithium level and duration of lithium exposure as independent variables and change in PTH levels as dependent variable. Results: A total 31 patients were included. The mean duration of lithium treatment was 18.6±11.4 months. PTH levels significantly increased during lithium treatment (+13.55±14.20 pg/mL); the rate of hyperparathyroidism was 12.9%. Neither total nor ionized calcium increased from baseline to follow-up; none of our patients developed hypercalcemia. Linear regressions analyses did not show an effect of duration of lithium exposure or mean lithium level on PTH levels. Conclusion: Lithium-associated stimulation of parathyroid function is more common than assumed to date. Among parameters to be evaluated prior to lithium implementation, calcium and PTH should be added. Keywords: bipolar disorder, follow-up study, lithium side-effects

Published
2015

8. Neuropsychiatric Aspects in Men with Klinefelter Syndrome

Author

Giagulli, Va, Campone, B, Castellana, M, Salzano, C, Fisher, Ad, de Angelis, C, Pivonello, R, Colao, A, Pasquali, D, Maggi, M, Triggiani, V, Balercia, G, Bonomi, M, Calogero, Ae, Corona, G, Giorgino, F, Fabbri, A, Ferlin, A, Ferrante, E, Francavilla, F, Jannini, E, Lanfranco, F, Pizzocaro, A, Radicioni, A, Rochira, V, Vignozzi, L, Giagulli, Vito Angelo, Capone, Beatrice, Castellana, Marco, Salzano, Ciro, Fisher, Alessandra, de Angelis, Cristina, Pivonello, Rosario, Colao, Annamaria, Pasquali, Daniela, Maggi, Mario, and Triggiani, Vincenzo

Subjects
Male, Klinefelter Syndrome, Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, testosterone, autism, schizophrenia, attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder, depression, anxiety, Psychosis, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, autism, Comorbidity, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Klinefelter Syndrome, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Hypogonadism, Mental Disorders, Brain, medicine.disease, schizophrenia, Phenotype, Schizophrenia, testosterone, depression, attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder, Autism, Anxiety, Klinefelter syndrome, medicine.symptom, business, Neurocognitive, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background and objective: Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) is the most common sex chromosome aneuploidy (47, XXY) and cause of male hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. It is characterized by an extreme clinical heterogeneity in presentation, including infertility, hypogonadism, language delay, metabolic comorbidities, and neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders. Since testosterone is known to have organizational, neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects on brain, the condition of primary hypogonadism could play a role. Moreover, given that KS subjects have an additional X, genes on the extra-chromosome could also exert a significant impact. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze the available literature on the relationship between KS and neuropsychiatric disorders.Methods:To extend to the best of published literature on the topic, appropriate keywords and MeSH terms were identified and searched in Pubmed. Finally, references of original articles and reviews were examined.Results:Both morphological and functional studies focusing on the brain showed that there were important differences in brain structure of KS subjects. Different psychiatric disorders such as Schizophrenia, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression and anxiety were frequently reported in KS patients according to a broad spectrum of phenotypes. T supplementation (TRT) was not able to improve the psychotic disorders in KS men with or without overt hypogonadism.Conclusion:Although the risk of psychosis, depression and autism is increased in subjects with KS, no definitive evidence has been found in studies aiming at identifying the relationship between aneuploidy, T deficit and the risk of psychiatric and cognitive disorders in subjects affected by KS.

Published
2019

14. Thyroid function in Klinefelter syndrome: a multicentre study from KING group

Author

Balercia, G., Bonomi, M., Giagulli, V. A., Lanfranco, F., Rochira, V., Giambersio, A., Accardo, G., Esposito, D., Allasia, S., Cangiano, B., De Vincentis, S., Condorelli, R. A., Calogero, A., Pasquali, D., Aversa, A., Corona, G., Giorgino, F., Fabbri, A., Ferlin, A., Ferrante, E., Francavilla, F., Giagulli, V., Jannini, E., Maggi, M., Pivonello, R., Pizzocaro, Anna, Radicioni, A., Vignozzi, L., Barchi, M., Cordeschi, G., D'Andrea, S., Mambro, A. D., Foresta, C., Francavilla, S., Garolla, A., Giovannini, L., Granata, A. R. M., La Vignera, S., Motta, G., Negri, L., Pelliccione, F., Persani, L., Salzano, C., Santi, D., Selice, R., Simoni, M., Tatone, C., Tirabassi, G., Tresoldi, A. S., Vicari, E., Balercia, G., Bonomi, M., Giagulli, V. A., Lanfranco, F., Rochira, V., Giambersio, A., Accardo, G., Esposito, D., Allasia, S., Cangiano, B., De Vincentis, S., Condorelli, R. A., Calogero, A., Pasquali, D., Aversa, A., Corona, G., Giorgino, F., Fabbri, A., Ferlin, A., Ferrante, E., Francavilla, F., Giagulli, V., Jannini, E., Maggi, M., Pivonello, R., Pizzocaro, A., Radicioni, A., Vignozzi, L., Barchi, M., Cordeschi, G., D'Andrea, S., Mambro, A. D., Foresta, C., Francavilla, S., Garolla, A., Giovannini, L., Granata, A. R. M., La Vignera, S., Motta, G., Negri, L., Pelliccione, F., Persani, L., Salzano, C., Santi, D., Selice, R., Simoni, M., Tatone, C., Tirabassi, G., Tresoldi, A. S., and Vicari, E.

Subjects
Adult, Male, endocrine system, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Hashimoto’s thyroiditi, Adolescent, endocrine system diseases, Kallmann syndrome, Thyroid hormones, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Thyroid Gland, Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, Thyrotropin, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Hashimoto Disease, Thyroid Function Tests, Thyroiditis, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, medicine, Humans, Testosterone, Klinefelter syndrome, Aged, Academic Medical Centers, business.industry, Hypogonadism, Thyroid, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Middle Aged, Thyroid disease, medicine.disease, Thyroid diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Italy, Case-Control Studies, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Concomitant, Female, Thyroid function, business
Abstract

Purpose: The prevalence and the etiopathogenesis of thyroid dysfunctions in Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are still unclear. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenetic role of hypogonadism in the thyroid disorders described in KS, with the scope to distinguish between patients with KS and hypogonadism due to other causes (Kallmann syndrome, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, iatrogenic hypogonadism and acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism after surgical removal of pituitary adenomas) called non-KS. Therefore, we evaluated thyroid function in KS and in non-KS hypogonadal patients. Methods: This is a case–control multicentre study from KING group: Endocrinology clinics in university-affiliated medical centres. One hundred and seventy four KS, and sixty-two non-KS hypogonadal men were enrolled. The primary outcome was the prevalence of thyroid diseases in KS and in non-KS. Changes in hormonal parameters were evaluated. Exclusion criterion was secondary hypothyroidism. Analyses were performed using Student’s t test. Mann–Whitney test and Chi-square test. Results: FT4 was significantly lower in KS vs non-KS. KS and non-KS presented similar TSH and testosterone levels. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) was diagnosed in 7% of KS. Five KS developed hypothyroidism. The ratio FT3/FT4 was similar in both groups. TSH index was 1.9 in KS and 2.3 in non-KS. Adjustment for differences in age, sample size and concomitant disease in multivariate models did not alter the results. Conclusions: We demonstrated in KS no etiopathogenic link to hypogonadism or change in the set point of thyrotrophic control in the altered FT4 production. The prevalence of HT in KS was similar to normal male population, showing absence of increased risk of HT associated with the XXY karyotype.

Published
2019

27. P-01-4 A New Tool to Explore Brain Functional Basis of Gender Disphoria: Validation of a Functional MRI Protocol to Investigate Patterns of Brain Activation Related to Body Image and Gender Identity

Author

Ceruti, C., primary, D'Agata, F., additional, Bergui, M., additional, Sibona, M., additional, Preto, M., additional, Gualerzi, A., additional, Crespi, C., additional, Cicerale, A., additional, Diano, M., additional, Timpano, M., additional, Falcone, M., additional, Sedigh, O., additional, Fontana, D., additional, Rolle, L., additional, Motta, G., additional, Manieri, C., additional, Lanfranco, F., additional, Gontero, P., additional, and Molo, M.T., additional

Published
2020
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31. Characteristics, geographical distribution and age at diagnosis of patients with Klinefelter Syndrome in Italy: a cohort study from the Klinefelter Italian Group (KING)

Author

Pasquali, D., Garolla, A., Accardo, G., Chiodini, P., Simeon, V., Ferlin, A., Maggi, M., Vignozzi, L., Corona, G., Lanfranco, F., Rochira, V., Calogero, A., Giagulli, V., Bonomi, M., Pivonello, R., Balercia, G., Pizzocaro, A., Salacone, P., and Aversa, A.

Subjects
Klinefelter, Klinefelter, diagnosis, cohort study, diagnosis, cohort study
Published
2019

40. Thyroid dysfunction and Klinefelter Syndrome: a multicenter study from the KING group

Author

Balercia, G., Bonomi, M., Giagulli, V., Lanfranco, F., Rochira, V., Giambersio, A., Accardo, G., Allasia, S., Cangiano, B., De Vincentis, S., Esposito, D., Giugliano, D., Pasquali, D., and on behalf of the Klinefelter ItaliaN Group, (KING).

Subjects
Klinefelter Syndrome, thyroid function, TSH, testosterone, Klinefelter Syndrome, 47XXY, thyroid function, TSH, testosterone, 47XXY
Published
2018

41. Characteristics of a nationwide cohort of patients presenting with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH)

Author

Bonomi, M., Vezzoli, V., Krausz, C., Guizzardi, F., Vezzani, S., Simoni, M., Bassi, I., Duminuco, P., Di Iorgi, N., Giavoli, C., Pizzocaro, A., Russo, G., Moro, M., Fatti, L., Ferlin, A., Mazzanti, L., Zatelli, M. C., Cannavo, S., Isidori, A. M., Pincelli, A. I., Prodam, F., Mancini, A., Limone, P., Tanda, M. L., Gaudino, R., Salerno, M., Francesca, P., Maghnie, M., Maggi, M. C., Persani, L., Aimaretti, G., Altobell, M., Ambrosio, M. R., Andrioli, M., Angelett, G., Arecco, F., Arnald, G., Arosio, M., Balsamo, A., Baldassarr, M., Bartalena, L., Bazzon, N., Beccari, L., Beck-Peccoz, P., Bellastella, G., Bellizz, M., Benedicent, F., Bernasconi, S., Bizzarri, C., Bona, G., Bonadonna, S., Borrett, G., Boschetti, M., Brunani, A., Brunelli, V., Buz, F., Cacciatore, C., Cangiano, B., Cappa, M., Casalone, R., Cassio, A., Cavarzere, P., Cherubini, V., Ciampani, T., Cicognan, D., Cignarell, A., Cisternin, M., Colombo, P., Corbetta, S., Corciul, N., Corona, G., Cozzi, R., Crivellaro, C., Dalle Mule, I., Danesi, L., Eli, A. V. D., Degli Uberti, E., De Leo, S., Della Valle, E., De Marchi, M., Di Mambr, A., Fabbri, A., Foresta, C., Forti, G., Franceschi, A. R., Garolla, A., Ghezzi, M., Giacomozzi, C., Giusti, M., Grosso, E., Guabello, G., Guarneri, M. P., Grugni, G., Lanfranco, F., Lania, A., Lanzi, R., Larizza, L., Lenzi, A., Loche, S., Loli, P., Lombardi, V., Mandrile, G., Manieri, C., Mantovani, G., Marelli, S., Marzullo, M., Mencarelli, M. A., Migone, N., Motta, G., Neri, G., Padov, G., Parenti, G., Pasquino, B., Pia, A., Piantanida, E., Pignatti, E., Pilotta, A., Pivett, B., Pollazzon, M., Pontecorvi, A., Porcelli, P., Pozza, G. B., Pozzobon, G., Radetti, G., Razzore, P., Rocchett, L., Roncoron, R., Rossi, G., Sala, E., Salvatoni, A., Salvini, F., Secc, A., Segni, M., Selice, R., Sgaramella, P., Sileo, F., Sinisi, A. A., Sirchia, F., Spada, A., Tresoldi, A., Vigneri, R., Weber, G., Zucchini, S., Bassi I., Moro M., Pincelli A. I., Mancini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7707-4564), Cappa M., Corbetta S., Corona G., Danesi L., Ghezzi M., Giusti M. (ORCID:0000-0001-5767-8785), Grugni G., Parenti G., Pontecorvi A. (ORCID:0000-0003-0570-6865), Sala E., Bonomi, M., Vezzoli, V., Krausz, C., Guizzardi, F., Vezzani, S., Simoni, M., Bassi, I., Duminuco, P., Di Iorgi, N., Giavoli, C., Pizzocaro, A., Russo, G., Moro, M., Fatti, L., Ferlin, A., Mazzanti, L., Zatelli, M. C., Cannavo, S., Isidori, A. M., Pincelli, A. I., Prodam, F., Mancini, A., Limone, P., Tanda, M. L., Gaudino, R., Salerno, M., Francesca, P., Maghnie, M., Maggi, M. C., Persani, L., Aimaretti, G., Altobell, M., Ambrosio, M. R., Andrioli, M., Angelett, G., Arecco, F., Arnald, G., Arosio, M., Balsamo, A., Baldassarr, M., Bartalena, L., Bazzon, N., Beccari, L., Beck-Peccoz, P., Bellastella, G., Bellizz, M., Benedicent, F., Bernasconi, S., Bizzarri, C., Bona, G., Bonadonna, S., Borrett, G., Boschetti, M., Brunani, A., Brunelli, V., Buz, F., Cacciatore, C., Cangiano, B., Cappa, M., Casalone, R., Cassio, A., Cavarzere, P., Cherubini, V., Ciampani, T., Cicognan, D., Cignarell, A., Cisternin, M., Colombo, P., Corbetta, S., Corciul, N., Corona, G., Cozzi, R., Crivellaro, C., Dalle Mule, I., Danesi, L., Eli, A. V. D., Degli Uberti, E., De Leo, S., Della Valle, E., De Marchi, M., Di Mambr, A., Fabbri, A., Foresta, C., Forti, G., Franceschi, A. R., Garolla, A., Ghezzi, M., Giacomozzi, C., Giusti, M., Grosso, E., Guabello, G., Guarneri, M. P., Grugni, G., Lanfranco, F., Lania, A., Lanzi, R., Larizza, L., Lenzi, A., Loche, S., Loli, P., Lombardi, V., Mandrile, G., Manieri, C., Mantovani, G., Marelli, S., Marzullo, M., Mencarelli, M. A., Migone, N., Motta, G., Neri, G., Padov, G., Parenti, G., Pasquino, B., Pia, A., Piantanida, E., Pignatti, E., Pilotta, A., Pivett, B., Pollazzon, M., Pontecorvi, A., Porcelli, P., Pozza, G. B., Pozzobon, G., Radetti, G., Razzore, P., Rocchett, L., Roncoron, R., Rossi, G., Sala, E., Salvatoni, A., Salvini, F., Secc, A., Segni, M., Selice, R., Sgaramella, P., Sileo, F., Sinisi, A. A., Sirchia, F., Spada, A., Tresoldi, A., Vigneri, R., Weber, G., Zucchini, S., Bassi I., Moro M., Pincelli A. I., Mancini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7707-4564), Cappa M., Corbetta S., Corona G., Danesi L., Ghezzi M., Giusti M. (ORCID:0000-0001-5767-8785), Grugni G., Parenti G., Pontecorvi A. (ORCID:0000-0003-0570-6865), and Sala E.

Abstract

Objective: Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a rare disorder with pubertal delay, normal (normoosmic-IHH, nIHH) or defective sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome, KS). Other reproductive and nonreproductive anomalies might be present although information on their frequency are scanty, particularly according to the age of presentation. Design: Observational cohort study carried out between January 2008 and June 2016 within a national network of academic or general hospitals. Methods: We performed a detailed phenotyping of 503 IHH patients with: (1) manifestations of hypogonadism with low sex steroid hormone and low/normal gonadotropins; (2) absence of expansive hypothalamic/pituitary lesions or multiple pituitary hormone defects. Cohort was divided on IHH onset (PPO, pre-pubertal onset or AO, adult onset) and olfactory function: PPO-nIHH (n = 275), KS (n = 184), AO-nIHH (n = 36) and AO-doIHH (AO-IHH with defective olfaction, n = 8). Results: 90% of patients were classifed as PPO and 10% as AO. Typical midline and olfactory defects, bimanual synkinesis and familiarity for pubertal delay were also found among the AO-IHH. Mean age at diagnosis was signifcantly earlier and more frequently associated with congenital hypogonadism stigmata in patients with Kallmann's syndrome (KS). Synkinesis, renal and male genital tract anomalies were enriched in KS. Overweight/obesity are signifcantly associated with AO-IHH rather than PPO-IHH. Conclusions: Patients with KS are more prone to develop a severe and complex phenotype than nIHH. The presence of typical extra-gonadal defects and familiarity for PPO-IHH among the AO-IHH patients indicates a common predisposition with variable clinical expression. Overall, these fndings improve the understanding of IHH and may have a positive impact on the management of patients and their families.

Published
2018

42. Klinefelter syndrome: cardiovascular abnormalities and metabolic disorders

Author

Calogero, Ae, Giagulli, Va, Mongioì, Lm, Triggiani, V, Radicioni, Af, Jannini, Ea, Pasquali, D, Klinefelter ItaliaN Group KING: Balercia, G, Bonomi, M, Corona, G, Fabbri, A, Ferlin, Alberto, Francavilla, F, Giagulli, V, Lanfranco, F, Maggi, M, Pivonello, R, Pizzocaro, A, Radicioni, A, Rochira, V, Vignozzi, L, Accardo, G, Cangiano, B, Condorelli, Ra, Cordeschi, G, D'Andrea, S, Di Mambro, A, Esposito, D, Foresta, Carlo, Francavilla, S, Galdiero, M, Garolla, Andrea, Giovannini, L, Granata, Ar, La Vignera, S, Motta, G, Negri, L, Pelliccione, F, Persani, L, Salzano, C, Santi, D, Selice, R, Simoni, M, Tatone, C, Tirabassi, G, Tresoldi, As, Vicari, E., Calogero, A. E, Giagulli, V. A, Mongioì, L. M, Triggiani, V, Radicioni, A. F, Jannini, E. A, and Pasquali, Daniela

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cardiovascular Abnormalities, Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Cardiovascular disease, Chromosome abnormalities, Klinefelter syndrome, Metabolism, Testosterone, Humans, Klinefelter Syndrome, Metabolic Syndrome, Risk Factors, Male infertility, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Chromosome abnormalitie, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Obesity, Standardized mortality ratio, Metabolic syndrome, business
Abstract

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is one of the most common genetic causes of male infertility. This condition is associated with much comorbidity and with a lower life expectancy. The aim of this review is to explore more in depth cardiovascular and metabolic disorders associated to KS. KS patients have an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease (standardized mortality ratio, SMR, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.6-3.0), but it is not clear whether the cause of the death is of thrombotic or hemorrhagic nature. Cardiovascular congenital anomalies (SMR, 7.3; 95% CI, 2.4-17.1) and the development of thrombosis or leg ulcers (SMR, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.9-17.2) are also more frequent in these subjects. Moreover, cardiovascular abnormalities may be at least partially reversed by testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). KS patients have also an increased probability of endocrine and/or metabolic disease, especially obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The effects of TRT on these abnormalities are not entirely clear. Purpose: The prevalence and the etiopathogenesis of thyroid dysfunctions in Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are still unclear. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenetic role of hypogonadism in the thyroid disorders described in KS, with the scope to distinguish between patients with KS and hypogonadism due to other causes (Kallmann syndrome, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, iatrogenic hypogonadism and acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism after surgical removal of pituitary adenomas) called non-KS. Therefore, we evaluated thyroid function in KS and in non-KS hypogonadal patients. Methods: This is a case–control multicentre study from KING group: Endocrinology clinics in university-affiliated medical centres. One hundred and seventy four KS, and sixty-two non-KS hypogonadal men were enrolled. The primary outcome was the prevalence of thyroid diseases in KS and in non-KS. Changes in hormonal parameters were evaluated. Exclusion criterion was secondary hypothyroidism. Analyses were performed using Student’s t test. Mann–Whitney test and Chi-square test. Results: FT4 was significantly lower in KS vs non-KS. KS and non-KS presented similar TSH and testosterone levels. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) was diagnosed in 7% of KS. Five KS developed hypothyroidism. The ratio FT3/FT4 was similar in both groups. TSH index was 1.9 in KS and 2.3 in non-KS. Adjustment for differences in age, sample size and concomitant disease in multivariate models did not alter the results. Conclusions: We demonstrated in KS no etiopathogenic link to hypogonadism or change in the set point of thyrotrophic control in the altered FT4 production. The prevalence of HT in KS was similar to normal male population, showing absence of increased risk of HT associated with the XXY karyotype.

Published
2017

43. Sports Endocrinology

Author

Lanfranco, F., Strasburger, C.J, Lanfranco, F., and Strasburger, C.J

Subjects
Sports--Physiological aspects, Exercise--Physiological aspects, Endocrine glands--Physiology, Physical fitness--Physiology, Doping in sports, Hormones--Metabolism
Abstract

This book is an up-to-date, extensive overview of the effects of physical activity and training on endocrine function. It gives insights into a complex relationship by describing effects with respect to exercise performance, growth, development, and ageing. It includes discussions of the endocrine response depending on exercise mode, intensity, and duration as well as on gender, age, and fitness level. Additionally the book deals with the impact of environmental and psychological factors on endocrine level. A substantial part of Sports Endocrinology is devoted to the'hot topic'of hormonal doping in sports. The properties of androgens, growth hormone, erythropoietin, and dietary supplements are highlighted. The use and abuse among professional and recreational athletes is discussed and specific methods of detection are presented and explained. All contributors are well-known experts in sports medicine and endocrinology, endocrine physiology, pharmacology, and doping detection, so this book is a must-read for every professional involved in the field.

Published
2016

44. Characteristics of a nationwide cohort of patients presenting with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH)

Author

Bonomi, Marco, primary, Vezzoli, Valeria, additional, Krausz, Csilla, additional, Guizzardi, Fabiana, additional, Vezzani, Silvia, additional, Simoni, Manuela, additional, Bassi, Ivan, additional, Duminuco, Paolo, additional, Di Iorgi, Natascia, additional, Giavoli, Claudia, additional, Pizzocaro, Alessandro, additional, Russo, Gianni, additional, Moro, Mirella, additional, Fatti, Letizia, additional, Ferlin, Alberto, additional, Mazzanti, Laura, additional, Zatelli, Maria Chiara, additional, Cannavò, Salvo, additional, Isidori, Andrea M, additional, Pincelli, Angela Ida, additional, Prodam, Flavia, additional, Mancini, Antonio, additional, Limone, Paolo, additional, Tanda, Maria Laura, additional, Gaudino, Rossella, additional, Salerno, Mariacarolina, additional, Francesca, Pregnolato, additional, Maghnie, Mohamad, additional, Maggi, Mario, additional, Persani, Luca, additional, _, _, additional, Aimaretti, G, additional, Altobelli, M, additional, Ambrosio, M R, additional, Andrioli, M, additional, Angeletti, G, additional, Arecco, F, additional, Arnaldi, G, additional, Arosio, M, additional, Balsamo, A, additional, Baldassarri, M, additional, Bartalena, L, additional, Bazzoni, N, additional, Beccaria, L, additional, Beck-Peccoz, P, additional, Bellastella, G, additional, Bellizzi, M, additional, Benedicenti, F, additional, Bernasconi, S, additional, Bizzarri, C, additional, Bona, G, additional, Bonadonna, S, additional, Borretta, G, additional, Boschetti, M, additional, Brunani, A, additional, Brunelli, V, additional, Buzi, F, additional, Cacciatore, C, additional, Cangiano, B, additional, Cappa, M, additional, Casalone, R, additional, Cassio, A, additional, Cavarzere, P, additional, Cherubini, V, additional, Ciampani, T, additional, Cicognani, D, additional, Cignarelli, A, additional, Cisternino, M, additional, Colombo, P, additional, Corbetta, S, additional, Corciulo, N, additional, Corona, G, additional, Cozzi, R, additional, Crivellaro, C, additional, Dalle Mule, I, additional, Danesi, L, additional, D’Elia, A V, additional, degli Uberti, E, additional, De Leo, S, additional, Della Valle, E, additional, De Marchi, M, additional, Di Iorgi, N, additional, Di Mambro, A, additional, Fabbri, A, additional, Foresta, C, additional, Forti, G, additional, Franceschi, A R, additional, Garolla, A, additional, Ghezzi, M, additional, Giacomozzi, C, additional, Giusti, M, additional, Grosso, E, additional, Guabello, G, additional, Guarneri, M P, additional, Grugni, G, additional, Isidori, A M, additional, Lanfranco, F, additional, Lania, A, additional, Lanzi, R, additional, Larizza, L, additional, Lenzi, A, additional, Loche, S, additional, Loli, P, additional, Lombardi, V, additional, Maggio, M C, additional, Mandrile, G, additional, Manieri, C, additional, Mantovani, G, additional, Marelli, S, additional, Marzullo, M, additional, Mencarelli, M A, additional, Migone, N, additional, Motta, G, additional, Neri, G, additional, Padova, G, additional, Parenti, G, additional, Pasquino, B, additional, Pia, A, additional, Piantanida, E, additional, Pignatti, E, additional, Pilotta, A, additional, Pivetta, B, additional, Pollazzon, M, additional, Pontecorvi, A, additional, Porcelli, P, additional, Pozzan, G B, additional, Pozzobon, G, additional, Radetti, G, additional, Razzore, P, additional, Rocchetti, L, additional, Roncoroni, R, additional, Rossi, G, additional, Sala, E, additional, Salvatoni, A, additional, Salvini, F, additional, Secco, A, additional, Segni, M, additional, Selice, R, additional, Sgaramella, P, additional, Sileo, F, additional, Sinisi, A A, additional, Sirchia, F, additional, Spada, A, additional, Tresoldi, A, additional, Vigneri, R, additional, Weber, G, additional, and Zucchini, S, additional

Published
2018
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46. A KING for Klinefelter Syndrome: THe SIAMS task force

Author

Members, of the KING group: G. Balercia, Bonomi, M., Calogero, A. E., Corona, G., Giagulli, V. A., Ferlin, A., Foresta, C., Francavilla, S., Garolla, A., Jannini, E., Lanfranco, F., Maggi, M., Pasquali, D., Pizzocaro, A., Radicioni, A., Rochira, Vincenzo, and Vignozzi, L.

Subjects
Klinefelter Syndrome, KING, SIAMS, Klinefelter Syndrome, KING, SIAMS
Published
2016

48. Clinical and biological parameters in 362 Klinefelter syndrome subjects: The KING experience

Author

Balercia, G., Bonomi, M., Calogero, A. E., Corona, G., Giagulli, V. A., Ferlin, A., Foresta, C., Garolla, A., Francavilla, S., Jannini, E., Lanfranco, F., Maggi, M., Vignozzi, L., Pasquali, D., Pivonello, R., Pizzocaro, A., Radicioni, A., Rochira, Vincenzo, and on behalf of the Klinefelter ItaliaN Group

Subjects
Klinefelter Syndrome, Phenotype
Published
2016

50. Risk behaviours and alcohol in adolescence are negatively associated with testicular volume: results from the Amico‐Andrologo survey.

Author

Gianfrilli, D., Ferlin, A., Isidori, A. M., Garolla, A., Maggi, M., Pivonello, R., Santi, D., Sansone, A., Balercia, G., Granata, A. R. M., Sinisi, A., Lanfranco, F., Pasqualetti, P., Foresta, C., and Lenzi, A.

Subjects
ADOLESCENCE, HEALTH behavior, HIGH school students, PREMATURE ejaculation, MEMORY bias
Abstract

Background: Risk factors established during adolescence affect health outcomes in adulthood, although little is known about how adolescent health risk behaviours (HRBs) affect testicular development and reproductive health. Objectives: To assess prevalence of HRBs among last year high school students; to describe the most prevalent andrological disorders in this cohort; to explore HRBs associated with andrological disorders and investigate factors possibly associated with impaired testicular development in puberty. Materials and methods: The Amico‐Andrologo Survey is a permanent nationwide surveillance programme conducted by the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine and supported by the Ministry of Health. A nationally representative survey of final‐year male high school students was conducted using a validated structured interview (n = 10124) and medical examination (n = 3816). Results: Smoking (32.6%), drinking (80.6%) and use of illegal drugs (46.5%) are common in adolescence. 16.6% of subjects were overweight, 3.1% were underweight and 2.3% were obese. Among sexually active students (60.3%), unprotected sex was very common (48.3%). Only 11.6% had been treated for andrological disorders, despite an abnormal clinical examination in 34.6%. Bilateral testicular hypotrophy (14.0%), varicocoele (27.1%) and phimosis (7.1%) were the most prevalent disorders; 5.1% complained of premature ejaculation and 4.7% had an STI. Underweight and heavy alcohol or drug use were associated with testicular hypotrophy. HRBs emerged as significant predictors of testicular hypotrophy, explaining up to 9.6% of its variance. Limitations include risk of selection bias for voluntary physical examination and recall bias for the self‐compiled questionnaire. Discussion: There is an emerging global adverse trend of HRBs in male high school students. A significant proportion of adolescent males with unsuspected andrological disorders engage in behaviours that could impair testicular development. Conclusion: Greater attention to the prevention of andrological health in adolescence is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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