276 results on '"Langer-Giedion Syndrome"'
Search Results
2. Minimal Critical Region and Genes for a Typical Presentation of Langer-Giedion Syndrome.
- Author
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Favilla, Bianca Pereira, Burssed, Bruna, Yamashiro Coelho, Érika Mitie, Perez, Ana Beatriz Alvarez, de Faria Soares, Maria de Fátima, Meloni, Vera Ayres, Bellucco, Fernanda Teixeira, and Melaragno, Maria Isabel
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CENTRAL nervous system , *GENES , *SYNDROMES , *DELETION mutation - Abstract
Langer-Giedion syndrome (LGS) is caused by a contiguous deletion at 8q23q24, characterized by exostoses, facial, ectodermal, and skeletal anomalies, and, occasionally, intellectual disability. LGS patients have been diagnosed clinically or by routine cytogenetic techniques, hampering the definition of an accurate genotype-phenotype correlation for the syndrome. We report two unrelated patients with 8q23q24 deletions, characterized by cytogenomic techniques, with one of them, to our knowledge, carrying the smallest deletion reported in classic LGS cases. We assessed the pathogenicity of the deletion of genes within the 8q23q24 region and reviewed other molecularly confirmed cases from the literature. Our findings suggest a 3.2-Mb critical region for a typical presentation of the syndrome, emphasizing the contribution of the TRPS1, RAD21, and EXT1 genes' haploinsufficiency, and facial dysmorphisms as well as bone anomalies as the most frequent features among patients with LGS. We also suggest a possible role for the CSMD3 gene, whose deletion seems to contribute to central nervous system anomalies. Since studies performing such correlation for LGS patients are limited, our data contribute to improving the ge-notype-phenotype characterization for LGS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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3. A Comparative Evaluation of TRPS1 and GATA3 in adenoid cystic, secretory, and acinic cell carcinomas of the breast and salivary gland.
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Salem A, Wu Y, Albarracin CT, Middleton LP, Kalhor N, Peng Y, Huang X, Aung PP, Chen H, Sahin AA, and Ding Q
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- Female, Humans, Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism, GATA3 Transcription Factor, Repressor Proteins, Salivary Glands metabolism, Salivary Glands pathology, Adenoids metabolism, Adenoids pathology, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma, Carcinoma, Acinar Cell, Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic pathology, Fingers abnormalities, Hair Diseases, Langer-Giedion Syndrome, Nose abnormalities, Salivary Gland Neoplasms pathology, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
GATA3 is the most used marker to determine tumors' breast origin, but its diagnostic value in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is limited. The newly identified TRPS1 is highly sensitive and specific for breast carcinoma, especially TNBC. Here, we compared the utility of TRPS1 and GATA3 expression in a subset of salivary gland-type breast tumors (including adenoid cystic, acinic cell, and secretory carcinomas [AdCC, ACC, and SC, respectively]), and we compared TRPS1 and GATA3 expression of such tumors with head and neck (H&N) and AdCC of upper respiratory tumors. TRPS1 was strongly expressed in basaloid TNBC and AdCCs with solid components, including 100 % of mixed and solid breast AdCCs. However, TRPS1 was positive in only 50 % cribriform AdCCs. Expression patterns of TRPS1 in H&N and upper respiratory AdCC were similar. TRPS1 was positive in 30 % of H&N cribriform AdCCs but was strongly expressed in mixed AdCC (67 %) and solid AdCC (100 %). In the upper respiratory AdCCs, TRPS1 was positive in 58.4 % of cribriform AdCCs and positive in 100 % of AdCCs with solid components. On the contrary, GATA3 was negative in predominant AdCCs of the breast, H&N, and upper respiratory tract. These data show that GATA3 and TRPS1 expression varies AdCCs. In addition, TRPS1 and GATA3 expression patterns were similar SC and ACC of breast and H&N. Both markers were positive in SC and negative in ACC. Therefore, TRPS1 and GATA3 cannot be used to differentiate salivary gland-type carcinomas of breast origin from those of upper respiratory or H&N origin., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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4. Successful topical minoxidil treatment for hair density and length in trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1.
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Choi M, Han A, and Eichenfield LF
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- Female, Humans, Child, Hair, Alopecia drug therapy, Administration, Topical, Treatment Outcome, Minoxidil therapeutic use, Quality of Life, Fingers abnormalities, Hair Diseases, Nose abnormalities, Langer-Giedion Syndrome
- Abstract
A 9-year-old girl presented with slow hair growth and hair thinning since birth. Additionally, she had short stature and abnormally short fingers; genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) type 1. After 4 months of topical minoxidil treatment, hair density and length significantly improved diffusely throughout the scalp without evidence of hypertrichosis. This case underscores the therapeutic potential of topical minoxidil for TRPS, paving the way for improved patient quality of life., (© 2024 The Authors. Pediatric Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
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5. Cis-regulatory control of mammalian Trps1 gene expression.
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Abrar M, Ali S, Hussain I, Khatoon H, Batool F, Ghazanfar S, Corcoran D, Kawakami Y, and Abbasi AA
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- Animals, Mice, Humans, Genome, Base Sequence, Gene Expression, Mammals genetics, Repressor Proteins genetics, Repressor Proteins metabolism, Zebrafish genetics, Zebrafish metabolism, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Fingers abnormalities, Hair Diseases, Nose abnormalities, Langer-Giedion Syndrome
- Abstract
TRPS1 serves as the causative gene for tricho-rhino phalangeal syndrome, known for its craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities. The Trps1 gene encodes a protein that represses Wnt signaling through strong interactions with Wnt signaling inhibitors. The identification of genomic cis-acting regulatory sequences governing Trps1 expression is crucial for understanding its role in embryogenesis. Nevertheless, to date, no investigations have been conducted concerning these aspects of Trps1. To identify deeply conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) within the Trps1 locus, we employed a comparative genomics approach, utilizing slowly evolving fish such as coelacanth and spotted gar. These analyses resulted in the identification of eight CNEs in the intronic region of the Trps1 gene. Functional characterization of these CNEs in zebrafish revealed their regulatory potential in various tissues, including pectoral fins, heart, and pharyngeal arches. RNA in-situ hybridization experiments revealed concordance between the reporter expression pattern induced by the identified set of CNEs and the spatial expression pattern of the trps1 gene in zebrafish. Comparative in vivo data from zebrafish and mice for CNE7/hs919 revealed conserved functions of these enhancers. Each of these eight CNEs was further investigated in cell line-based reporter assays, revealing their repressive potential. Taken together, in vivo and in vitro assays suggest a context-dependent dual functionality for the identified set of Trps1-associated CNE enhancers. This functionally characterized set of CNE-enhancers will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the developmental roles of Trps1 and can aid in the identification of noncoding DNA variants associated with human diseases., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
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6. TRPS1 modulates chromatin accessibility to regulate estrogen receptor alpha (ER) binding and ER target gene expression in luminal breast cancer cells.
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Scott TG, Sathyan KM, Gioeli D, and Guertin MJ
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- Female, Humans, Estrogen Receptor alpha genetics, GATA Transcription Factors, Gene Expression, Genes, cdc, Repressor Proteins genetics, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Chromatin genetics, Fingers abnormalities, Hair Diseases, Langer-Giedion Syndrome, Nose abnormalities
- Abstract
Common genetic variants in the repressive GATA-family transcription factor (TF) TRPS1 locus are associated with breast cancer risk, and luminal breast cancer cell lines are particularly sensitive to TRPS1 knockout. We introduced an inducible degron tag into the native TRPS1 locus within a luminal breast cancer cell line to identify the direct targets of TRPS1 and determine how TRPS1 mechanistically regulates gene expression. We acutely deplete over 80 percent of TRPS1 from chromatin within 30 minutes of inducing degradation. We find that TRPS1 regulates transcription of hundreds of genes, including those related to estrogen signaling. TRPS1 directly regulates chromatin structure, which causes estrogen receptor alpha (ER) to redistribute in the genome. ER redistribution leads to both repression and activation of dozens of ER target genes. Downstream from these primary effects, TRPS1 depletion represses cell cycle-related gene sets and reduces cell doubling rate. Finally, we show that high TRPS1 activity, calculated using a gene expression signature defined by primary TRPS1-regulated genes, is associated with worse breast cancer patient prognosis. Taken together, these data suggest a model in which TRPS1 modulates the genomic distribution of ER, both activating and repressing transcription of genes related to cancer cell fitness., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Scott et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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7. Use of Multiple Machine Learning Approaches for Selecting Urothelial Cancer-Specific DNA Methylation Biomarkers in Urine.
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Köhler CU, Schork K, Turewicz M, Eisenacher M, Roghmann F, Noldus J, Marcus K, Brüning T, and Käfferlein HU
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- Male, Humans, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, DNA Methylation, Machine Learning, DNA, Neoplasm, Repressor Proteins, Body Fluids, Neoplasms, Fingers abnormalities, Hair Diseases, Nose abnormalities, Langer-Giedion Syndrome
- Abstract
Diagnosing urothelial cancer (UCa) via invasive cystoscopy is painful, specifically in men, and can cause infection and bleeding. Because the UCa risk is higher for male patients, urinary non-invasive UCa biomarkers are highly desired to stratify men for invasive cystoscopy. We previously identified multiple DNA methylation sites in urine samples that detect UCa with a high sensitivity and specificity in men. Here, we identified the most relevant markers by employing multiple statistical approaches and machine learning (random forest, boosted trees, LASSO) using a dataset of 251 male UCa patients and 111 controls. Three CpG sites located in ALOX5 , TRPS1 and an intergenic region on chromosome 16 have been concordantly selected by all approaches, and their combination in a single decision matrix for clinical use was tested based on their respective thresholds of the individual CpGs. The combination of ALOX5 and TRPS1 yielded the best overall sensitivity (61%) at a pre-set specificity of 95%. This combination exceeded both the diagnostic performance of the most sensitive bioinformatic approach and that of the best single CpG. In summary, we showed that overlap analysis of multiple statistical approaches identifies the most reliable biomarkers for UCa in a male collective. The results may assist in stratifying men for cystoscopy.
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- 2024
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8. Recent Findings from Rady Children's Hospital Provides New Insights into Langer-Giedion Syndrome (Successful Topical Minoxidil Treatment for Hair Density and Length In Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome Type 1).
- Published
- 2024
9. Prenatal diagnosis and array comparative genomic hybridization characterization of interstitial deletions of 8q23.3–q24.11 and 8q24.13 associated with Langer-Giedion syndrome, Cornelia de Lange syndrome and haploinsufficiency of TRPS1, RAD21 and EXT1
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Chih-Ping Chen, Ming-Huei Lin, Yi-Yung Chen, Schu-Rern Chern, Yen-Ni Chen, Peih-Shan Wu, Chen-Wen Pan, Meng-Shan Lee, and Wayseen Wang
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8q23.3–q24.13 deletion ,Cornelia de Lange syndrome-4 ,EXT1 ,Langer-Giedion syndrome ,RAD21 ,TRPS1 ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research was to present prenatal diagnosis of Langer-Giedion syndrome (LGS/TRPS type II) and Cornelia de Lange syndrome-4 (CDLS4). Materials and methods: A 36-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. Conventional cytogenetic analysis of amniocentesis revealed an interstitial deletion of chromosome 8q or del(8)(q23.3q24.13). Level II prenatal ultrasound examination revealed craniofacial dysmorphism. The pregnancy was terminated, and a malformed fetus was delivered with characteristic craniofacial dysmorphism of LGS/TRPS type II and CDLS4. Whole-genome array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on the DNA extracted from cultured amniocytes was performed. Results: The analysis by aCGH revealed a result of arr 8q23.3q24.11 (116,087,006–118,969,399)×1, 8q24.13 (123,086,851–124,470,847)×1 (NCBI build 37) with a 2.88-Mb deletion of 8q23.3–q24.11 encompassing six OMIM genes, TRPS1, EIF3H, RAD21, SLC30A8, MED30, and EXT1, and a 1.383-Mb deletion of 8q24.13 encompassing four OMIM genes, ZHX2, DERL1, ZHX1, and ATAD2. Conclusion: In the present case, the conventional cytogenetic analysis of cultured amniocytes revealed del(8)(q23.3q24.13), whereas aCGH analysis of cultured amniocytes showed the deletions of 8q23.3–q24.11 and 8q24.13 with the presence of the segment 8q24.12. Therefore, aCGH provides the advantage of better understanding of the nature of interstitial deletion and genotype–phenotype correlation in this case.
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- 2015
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10. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) expression in male breast carcinoma.
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Law T, Piotrowski MJ, Ning J, Jiang X, Ding Q, and Sahin AA
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- Female, Humans, Male, Biomarkers, Tumor, GATA3 Transcription Factor, Hair Diseases, Langer-Giedion Syndrome, Receptors, Estrogen, Repressor Proteins, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Male genetics
- Abstract
Currently, there is a paucity of highly specific and sensitive markers to identify breast carcinoma in male patients. Immunohistochemical stains commonly used for unmasking primary breast carcinomas include estrogen receptor (ER) and GATA3. However, these markers are commonly expressed in carcinomas originating from other organ systems and can be reduced in breast carcinomas with higher histologic grades. Androgen receptor (AR) may be used to highlight primary male breast cancer, but this marker can also be expressed in other carcinomas. We evaluated TRPS1, a highly sensitive and specific marker for female breast carcinoma, in cases of male breast carcinoma. Through an institutional database search, we identified 72 cases of primary invasive breast carcinoma in male patients. Among ER/progesterone receptor (PR)-positive cancers, 97% showed intermediate or high positivity for both TRPS1 and GATA3. Among HER2-positive cancers, 100% showed intermediate or high positivity for TRPS1 and GATA3. One case of triple-negative breast cancer was collected, showing high positivity for TRPS1 and negativity for GATA3. AR staining was non-specific and heterogeneous: 76% showed high positivity, but the remaining 24% showed low or intermediate positivity. Additionally, among 29 cases of metastatic carcinoma to male breast tissue, 93% were negative for TRPS1, and the remaining 2 cases (7%), which were carcinomas from salivary gland primary tumors, were intermediate positive. TRPS1 is a sensitive and specific marker in the unmasking of male primary invasive breast carcinoma across different subtypes. Additionally, TRPS1 is not expressed in metastatic carcinomas of multiple primaries, with the exception of salivary gland primaries., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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11. Researcher from Geisinger Medical Center Publishes New Studies and Findings in the Area of Langer-Giedion Syndrome (Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome Type 1 Is a Highly Sensitive and Specific Marker for Diagnosing Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas...).
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DIAGNOSIS ,CARCINOMA ,MEDICAL publishing ,MEDICAL centers ,SYNDROMES - Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) is a highly sensitive and specific marker for diagnosing breast carcinomas, including TNBC, on surgical specimens." Keywords: Biomarkers; Cancer; Carcinomas; Diagnostics and Screening; Health and Medicine; Langer-Giedion Syndrome; Musculoskeletal Diseases and Conditions; Oncology EN Biomarkers Cancer Carcinomas Diagnostics and Screening Health and Medicine Langer-Giedion Syndrome Musculoskeletal Diseases and Conditions Oncology 812 812 1 07/24/23 20230725 NES 230725 2023 JUL 24 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Clinical Oncology Week -- New research on Langer-Giedion syndrome is the subject of a new report. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
12. Expanding the clinical and molecular features of trichorhino- phalangeal syndrome with a novel variant
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Öztürk, Nuray, Karamık, Gökçen, Mutlu, Hatice, Yılmaz Bayer, Öznur, Mihci, Ercan, Çetin, Gökhan Ozan, and Nur, Banu
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multiple exostoses ,Patient ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Trps1 ,Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome ,Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome ,Gene ,Association ,Phenotype ,Differentiation ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,TRPS1 gene ,novel mutation ,TRPS2 ,Bone - Abstract
Background. Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by typical craniofacial features, ectodermal and skeletal findings. TRPS type 1 (TRPS1) is caused by pathogenic variations in the TRPS1 gene, which relates to the vast majority of cases. TRPS type 2 (TRPS2) is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving loss of functional copies of the TRPS1, RAD21, and EXT1. Herein, we reported the clinical and genetic spectrum of seven TRPS patients with a novel variant. We also reviewed the musculoskeletal and radiological findings in the literature.Methods. Seven Turkish patients (three female, four male) from five unrelated families aged between 7 to 48 years were evaluated. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by either molecular karyotyping or TRPS1 sequencing analysis via next-generation sequencing.Results. Both TRPS1 and TRPS2 patients had some common distinctive facial features and skeletal findings. All patients had a bulbous nose with hypoplastic alae nasi, brachydactyly, short metacarpals and phalanges in variable stages. Low bone mineral density (BMD) was identified in two TRPS2 family members presenting with bone fracture, and growth hormone deficiency was detected in two patients. Skeletal X-ray imaging revealed cone-shaped epiphysis of the phalanges in all, and multiple exostoses were present in three patients. Cerebral hamartoma, menometrorrhagia and long bone cysts were among the new/rare conditions. Three pathogenic variants in TRPS1 were identified in four patients from three families, including a frameshift (c.2445dup, p.Ser816GlufsTer28), one missense (c.2762G>A), and a novel splice site variant (c.2700+3A>G). We also reported a familial inheritance in TRPS2 which is known to be very rare.Conclusions. Our study contributes to the clinical and genetic spectrum of patients with TRPS while also providing a review by comparing with previous cohort studies.
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- 2023
13. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome: a case report and brief literature review
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Oriana, Simonetti, Giulia, Radi, Elisa, Molinelli, Federico, Diotallevi, and Annamaria, Offidani
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Infectious Diseases ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Humans ,Dermatology - Abstract
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in TRPS gene, characterized by skeletal, skin appendage, and endocrinological manifestations. Clinical presentation may vary widely, and the syndrome frequently remains undiagnosed. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, supported by radiographic images, and is confirmed by genetic investigation. Familiarity with this genetic disorder is crucial for providing correct and early identification, and for determining adequate supportive management, especially to prevent orthopedic complications.
- Published
- 2022
14. Multiple long bone cysts revealed by MRI in trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II predisposing to pathological fractures.
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Konala, Praveen, Kiely, Nigel, Noakes, Charlotte, Blair, Edward, Cassar-Pullicino, Victor, and Cassar-Pullicino, Victor N
- Subjects
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BONE cysts , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *SPONTANEOUS fractures , *COMPARATIVE genomic hybridization , *GENETIC disorders - Abstract
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II is a rare genetic disorder with the few published case reports mainly reporting the radiographic skeletal manifestations. There are no published imaging reports of long bone cysts involving multiple bones in this condition. We report a unique case of bone cysts involving multiple long bones detected with MRI in a patient with trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II complicated by a subsequent pathological fracture. It is possible that the bone cysts are a previously undescribed feature of this syndrome; however, the evidence is insufficient to establish a definite association. Chromosomal abnormality identified in this patient is consistent with trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II with no unusual features. Although the nature of these bone cysts is unclear, they are one of the causes of the known increased fracture risk observed in this syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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15. Making extra teeth: Lessons from a TRPS1 mutation.
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Kunotai, Worawan, Ananpornruedee, Panjit, Lubinsky, Mark, Pruksametanan, Apitchaya, and Kantaputra, Piranit Nik
- Abstract
A Thai mother and her two daughters were affected with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type I. The daughters had 15 and 18 supernumerary teeth, respectively. The mother had normal dentition. Mutation analysis of TRPS1 showed a novel heterozygous c.3809_3811delACTinsCATGTTGTG mutation in all. This mutation is predicted to cause amino acid changes in the Ikaros-like zinc finger domain near the C-terminal end of TRPS1, which is important for repressive protein function. The results of our study and the comprehensive review of the literature show that pathways of forming supernumerary teeth appear to involve APC and RUNX2, the genes responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome and cleidocranial dysplasia, respectively. The final pathway resulting in supernumerary teeth seems to involve Wnt, a morphogen active during many stages of development. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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16. Tricorhinophalangeal Syndrome type 1: a novel variant and Perthes-like hip changes as first manifestation
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Ivana, Cardoso, Mariana, Rodrigues, Ana, Grangeia, Lina, Melão, Francisca, Aguiar, Gilberto, Costa, and Iva, Brito
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Male ,Adolescent ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,RC581-607 ,RC31-1245 ,legg-calvé-perthes disease ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Fingers ,Repressor Proteins ,trps1 gene ,Humans ,trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type i ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Child ,Hair Diseases ,Internal medicine ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
We report a case of Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I (TRPS1) in a 16-year-old boy who was referred due to painless finger deformities over the last year. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LGP) had been diagnosed at age 7 and required surgical treatment at age 12. Parents were healthy and non consanguineous; there was family history of pectus carinatum of maternal lineage. On examination the patient presented a bulbous nose, thin and sparse scalp hair; pectus carinatum; clinodactyly of the first and fifth fingers and hard painless swelling of all of the proximal interphalangeal joints; brachydactyly of the toes. Laboratory tests were unremarkable and radiographic studies revealed distinctive abnormalities of the hands (e.g., epiphyseal coning). This diagnosis was confirmed by gene sequencing, which identified in heterozygosity a pathogenic variant c.124G>T (p.Glu42Ter) in the exon 3 of the TRPS1 gene. The diagnosis of TRPS1 may be suspected upon identification of characteristic physical features, a compatible clinical history and imaging findings.
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- 2021
17. Expression of TRPS1 in phyllodes tumor and sarcoma of the breast
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Jing Wang, Wei-Lien Wang, Hongxia Sun, Lei Huo, Yun Wu, Hui Chen, Qiong Gan, Jeanne M. Meis, Nolan Maloney, Alexander J. Lazar, Esther C. Yoon, Constance T. Albarracin, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Lavinia P. Middleton, Erika Resetkova, Wendong Yu, Dongfeng Tan, Wei Lu, Luisa Maren Solis Soto, Shufang Wang, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anil V. Parwani, Victor G. Prieto, Aysegul A. Sahin, Zaibo Li, and Qingqing Ding
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Osteosarcoma ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Carcinoma ,Chondrosarcoma ,Bone Neoplasms ,Breast Neoplasms ,Sarcoma ,Soft Tissue Neoplasms ,Nose ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Fingers ,Repressor Proteins ,Phyllodes Tumor ,Humans ,Female ,Hair Diseases - Abstract
When a sarcomatous neoplasm is identified in the breast, distinguishing metaplastic carcinoma, malignant phyllodes tumor (MPT), and primary sarcoma is a diagnostic challenge, especially on small biopsies, as all these tumors may have overlapping morphological features, thoroughly grossing with histological examination and immunohistochemical staining being the standard approach to aid in classifying these lesions. Recently, we identified a highly sensitive and specific breast carcinoma marker TRPS1 with high expression in metaplastic breast carcinoma. In the current study, we tested TRPS1 in MPTs and primary sarcoma of the breast. We found TRPS1 was highly expressed (95%) within spindle cell, chondro-osseous, and/or liposarcomatous components of MPTs, in all breast primary chondrosarcomas and extraskeletal osteosarcomas, but not in other sarcomas of the breast. In extramammary sarcomas, TRPS1 was expressed in 28% of conventional chondrosarcomas and 56% of osteosarcomas of bone, but rarely in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPSs), liposarcomas, and angiosarcomas. In summary, MPTs may share similar genetic background with metaplastic carcinoma exhibiting TRPS1 expression, and TRPS1 may play a role in chondro-osseous differentiation because of its expression in chondro-osseous sarcomas from both breast and extramammary sites. Our findings suggest TRPS1 may be clinically useful in distinguishing MPT and metaplastic carcinoma from primary breast sarcoma except for tumors with chondro-osseous differentiation.
- Published
- 2021
18. Characterization of a Novel Frameshift Mutation Within the TRPS1 Gene Causing Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome Type 1 in a Kindred Cypriot Family
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Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren, Nese Akcan, Elena Manara, Stefano Paolacci, Umut Fahrioğlu, Meryem Betmezoglu, Ruveyde Bundak, Gamze Mocan, Sehime Gulsun Temel, and Matteo Bertelli
- Subjects
DNA-Binding Proteins ,Fingers ,Repressor Proteins ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Histology ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Codon, Nonsense ,Nose ,Frameshift Mutation ,Hair Diseases ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant multisystem disorder characterized by craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities. Three subtypes of TRPS have been described: TRPS type I, TRPS type II, and TRPS type III. Mutations in the TRPS1 gene can cause both TRPS type I and TRPS type III. Therefore, the genotype-phenotype correlation is crucial to determine the subtype. The current family study from Cyprus involves affected patients from 4 generations who presented with alopecia, unoperated umbilical hernia, caput quadratum, long philtrum, depressed nasal bridge, frontal bossing, pes planus, beaked nose, and some deformities in hands and feet. Sequence analysis of the TRPS1 gene revealed a novel c.2854_2858del (p.Asn952ArgfsTer2) frameshift variant leading to a premature stop codon. To the best of our knowledge, we report here the first case of a Turkish Cypriot family of 4 generations with a novel frameshift mutation leading to truncated protein in the TRPS1 gene causing TRPS type I clinical phenotype. Overall, as the genotype and phenotype correlation in TRPSI is still uncertain and complex, the present outcome can enhance our knowledge of this complicated, rare, and severe genetic disorder.
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- 2021
19. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome
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Carmen, Vargas Lebrón, Maria Dolores, Ruiz Montesino, Virginia, Moreira Navarrete, and Juan Ignacio, Aróstegui Gorospe
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Fingers ,Male ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Humans ,Female ,General Medicine ,Nose ,Hair Diseases ,Pedigree - Abstract
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome I (TPRSI) has an autosomal dominant inheritance; the proportion of «de novo» cases is unknown
- Published
- 2020
20. High-functioning autism in a Sri Lankan youth with Langer–Giedion syndrome.
- Author
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Chandradasa, Miyuru and Williams, Shehan
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The trichorhinophalangeal syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with a classical clinical triad of sparse hair, bulbous nose, and short digits. There are three known phenotypes, and the type II with exostoses in long bones is known as Langer–Giedion syndrome. Here, we describe a 28-year-old Sri Lankan male with Langer–Giedion syndrome and high-functioning autism. The karyotype found a microdeletion of the long arm of chromosome 8 with mosaicism [46,XY/46,XY,del(8)(q24.1q24.3)]. This is probably the first report of Langer–Giedion Syndrome with autism and the first report of the genetic syndrome from Sri Lanka. Furthermore, we could only access one previous report of the same microdeletion, which was from an autopsy of a 36-week-old infant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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21. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome as a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for paediatric endocrinologists
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Elżbieta Foryś-Dworniczak, Barbara Kalina-Faska, Olimpia Zajdel-Cwynar, Ewa Małecka-Tendera, and Pawel Matusik
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Genetic counseling ,Nose ,Short stature ,Growth hormone deficiency ,Fingers ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,business.industry ,Brachydactyly ,Genetic disorder ,General Medicine ,Phalanx ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Repressor Proteins ,Phenotype ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Child, Preschool ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Mutation ,Pectus carinatum ,Female ,Poland ,medicine.symptom ,Hair Diseases ,business - Abstract
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is rare genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance. The TRPS1 gene is located on the long arm of the eighth chromosome (8q24.12). The phenotype is variable and presents a wide clinical spectrum. Most cases are characterised by thin, sparse scalp hair, distinctive facial dysmorphism, and various skeletal abnormalities, especially of the hands and feet. Characteristic facial features may include a "pear-shaped" nose, micrognathia, dental anomalies, prominent ears, elongated philtrum, and thin upper vermillion border. In most cases, affected individuals exhibit skeletal abnormalities including brachydactyly and clinodac-tyly, short metacarpals phalanges, short feet and metatarsals, and pectus carinatum and hip joint malformations. Additionally, patients may exhibit short stature. This report presents four cases of TRPS (three sporadic and one familial). Clinical presentation included typical facial features and vari-ous skeletal abnormalities. Some TRPS symptoms may mimic growth hormone deficiency and other endocrine disturbances. The aim of this article is to deliver TRPS symptomatology. The treatment of TRPS is symptomatic and supportive and requires the coordination of several specialists, including paediatricians, endocrinologists, orthopaedic surgeons, dermatologists, and medical rehabilitation and den-tal specialists. In some cases, recombinant growth hormone therapy may be necessary. Genetic counselling may be of benefit for affect-ed individuals and their families.Zespół włosowo-nosowo-paliczkowy jest rzadką chorobą uwarunkowaną genetycznie, w większości przypadków o autosomalnie do-minującym sposobie dziedziczenia. Gen TRPS1 jest zlokalizowany na długim ramieniu chromosomu 8 – 8q24(8q24.12). Fenotyp jest zróżnicowany i prezentuje szerokie spektrum objawów klinicznych. Do charakterystycznych cech fenotypowych zalicza się rzadkie włosy, dysmorfię twarzoczaszki oraz zaburzenia kostno-szkieletowe, zwłaszcza w obrębie dłoni i stóp. Do typowych cech dysmorficz-nych twarzy należą: "gruszkowaty nos", mikrognacja, anomalie zębowe, wydatne uszy, wydłużona rynienka nosowa i wąska czerwień wargowa. W większości przypadków występują anomalie szkieletowe, takie jak klino- i brachydaktylia, skrócenie paliczków śródręcza i śródstopia, kurza klatka piersiowa oraz malformacje stawu biodrowego. Część pacjentów ma niedobór wzrostu. Artykuł przygotowano na podstawie serii czterech przypadków klinicznych (trzy sporadyczne i jeden rodzinny). Wszystkie dzieci pre-zentowały typowe dla TRPS cechy dysmorfii twarzoczaszki oraz różne anomalie układu kostno-szkieletowego. Przyczyną skierowania na Oddział Endokrynologii Dziecięcej było podejrzenie różnych endokrynopatii, w tym niedobór hormonu wzrostu, zaburzeń gospo-darki wapniowo-fosforanowej czy zespołu Turnera. Celem pracy jest przybliżenie symptomatologii TRPS. Leczenie jest objawowe i wymaga skoordynowanej współpracy wielu specjalistów, w tym lekarza pediatry, endokrynologa, ortopedy, dermatologa, specjalisty rehabilitacji medycznej czy chirurga szczękowego. Część pacjentów z niskorosłością i niedoborem GH może wymagać terapii substytu-cyjnej rGH. Doradztwo genetyczne może przynieść korzyści dotkniętym TRPS osobom i ich rodzinom.
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- 2019
22. An early diagnosis of trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1: a case report and a review of literature
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Sara Naldini, Matteo Della Monica, Francesca Peluso, Giulia Trippella, Paolo Lionetti, and Stefano Stagi
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0301 basic medicine ,Heterozygote ,Prominent forehead ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Physical examination ,Case Report ,030105 genetics & heredity ,Nose ,Short stature ,Fingers ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bulbous nasal tip ,Growth retardation ,Short fingers ,Sparse hair ,Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome ,TRPS ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Early Diagnosis ,Female ,Hair Diseases ,Humans ,Infant ,Mutation ,Transcription Factors ,medicine ,Family history ,Craniofacial ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,lcsh:RJ1-570 ,lcsh:Pediatrics ,Anatomy ,Repressor Proteins ,Short finger ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by defects involving the TRPS1 gene. It exhibits distinctive craniofacial, ectodermal and skeletal abnormalities, such as sparse hair, bulbous nasal tip and short deformed fingers, with extremely variable expressivity. Case presentation We report the case of a 17 months old girl, who presented growth retardation and dysmorphic features. Postnatal growth was always below − 2 Standard Deviation for both weight and length and physical examination revealed relative macrocephaly, sparse hair, bulbous nasal tip, thin upper lip, protruding ears, prominent forehead, small jaw, and short hands and feet. Patient’s mother shared the same facial features, and presented sparse hair and small hands. The maternal grandfather and two uncles presented short stature, bulbous nasal tip, thin hair, and premature alopecia. Molecular analysis of TRPS1 gene showed a heterozygous c.2086C > T;(p.Arg696Ter) mutation both in the patient and her mother, confirming the diagnosis of TRPS, type I. Conclusions Clinical phenotype of TRPS can be subtle and the syndrome often remains undiagnosed. A comprehensive clinical examination and an exhaustive family history are crucial to reach the correct diagnosis, which is essential to perform adequate follow-up and timely therapeutic procedures.
- Published
- 2018
23. Langer-Giedion syndrome associated with congenital dural arterio-venous fistula.
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Leu, Severina, Valavanis, Anton, and Baltsavias, Gerasimos
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- *
FISTULA , *EXOSTOSIS , *BONE diseases , *MUSCLE dysmorphia , *INTELLECTUAL disabilities - Abstract
Langer-Giedion syndrome (LGS) is a rare disease caused by deletion of chromosome 8q23.3-q24.11. Clinical manifestations include among others multiple exostoses, short stature, intellectual disability, and typical facial dysmorphism. Dural arterio-venous shunts (DAVS) in the pediatric age are rare lesions, which have been classified into three types: dural sinus malformations (DSM), infantile type DAVS (IDAVS), and adult type DAVS (ADAVS). We report a case of a patient with a known LGS who was diagnosed with complex intracranial dural AV fistula at the age of 20. An association between LGS and intracranial dural AV fistulas has to our knowledge never been reported before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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24. A Case of Langer-Giedion Syndrome with a De Novo Del(8)(q23q24.1).
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Jung Min Lee, Seul Bee Lee, Sang Won Lee, So Yeon Shim, Su Jin Cho, Eun Ae Park, and Jung Won Huh
- Abstract
Lange-Giedion syndrome, or trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 2 (TRPSII), is a clinical syndrome characterized by mild growth restriction, mental retardation, microcephaly and dysmorphic face. Bulbous nose, large protruding ears and loose redundant skin are distinguishing features, as well as lax joints and phalangeal abnormalities of the hands and multiple exostoses. TRPS1 and EXT1 gene deletion are responsible for this. Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical and radiographic features. In Korea, no cases of this disease have been reported thus far. Along with a review of the literature, we report a case of TRPSII in a neonate who had peculiar face representing TRPSII, polydactyly, Müllerian duct cyst, and ptosis and was found to have an interstitial deletion of 8q23-24.1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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25. Phenotype and genotype in 103 patients with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome.
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Maas, Saskia M., Shaw, Adam C., Bikker, Hennie, Lüdecke, Hermann-Josef, van der Tuin, Karin, Badura-Stronka, Magdalena, Belligni, Elga, Biamino, Elisa, Bonati, Maria Teresa, Carvalho, Daniel R., Cobben, JanMaarten, de Man, Stella A., Den Hollander, Nicolette S., Di Donato, Nataliya, Garavelli, Livia, Grønborg, Sabine, Herkert, Johanna C., Hoogeboom, A. Jeannette M., Jamsheer, Aleksander, and Latos-Bielenska, Anna
- Subjects
- *
PHALANGES , *CRANIOFACIAL abnormalities , *SKELETAL abnormalities , *PHENOTYPES , *GENOTYPES , *DELETION mutation , *DISEASES - Abstract
Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is characterized by craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, and subdivided in TRPS I, caused by mutations in TRPS1 , and TRPS II, caused by a contiguous gene deletion affecting (amongst others) TRPS1 and EXT1 . We performed a collaborative international study to delineate phenotype, natural history, variability, and genotype–phenotype correlations in more detail. We gathered information on 103 cytogenetically or molecularly confirmed affected individuals. TRPS I was present in 85 individuals (22 missense mutations, 62 other mutations), TRPS II in 14, and in 5 it remained uncertain whether TRPS1 was partially or completely deleted. Main features defining the facial phenotype include fine and sparse hair, thick and broad eyebrows, especially the medial portion, a broad nasal ridge and tip, underdeveloped nasal alae, and a broad columella. The facial manifestations in patients with TRPS I and TRPS II do not show a significant difference. In the limbs the main findings are short hands and feet, hypermobility, and a tendency for isolated metacarpals and metatarsals to be shortened. Nails of fingers and toes are typically thin and dystrophic. The radiological hallmark are the cone-shaped epiphyses and in TRPS II multiple exostoses. Osteopenia is common in both, as is reduced linear growth, both prenatally and postnatally. Variability for all findings, also within a single family, can be marked. Morbidity mostly concerns joint problems, manifesting in increased or decreased mobility, pain and in a minority an increased fracture rate. The hips can be markedly affected at a (very) young age. Intellectual disability is uncommon in TRPS I and, if present, usually mild. In TRPS II intellectual disability is present in most but not all, and again typically mild to moderate in severity. Missense mutations are located exclusively in exon 6 and 7 of TRPS1 . Other mutations are located anywhere in exons 4–7. Whole gene deletions are common but have variable breakpoints. Most of the phenotype in patients with TRPS II is explained by the deletion of TRPS1 and EXT1 , but haploinsufficiency of RAD21 is also likely to contribute. Genotype-phenotype studies showed that mutations located in exon 6 may have somewhat more pronounced facial characteristics and more marked shortening of hands and feet compared to mutations located elsewhere in TRPS1 , but numbers are too small to allow firm conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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26. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome II, expanding the clinical spectrum.
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Shawky, Rabah M., Elkhalek, Heba Salah Abd, Elghawaby, Ahmed E. S., Mohammad, Shaimaa Abdelsattar, and Seifeldin, Neveen S.
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- *
EXOSTOSIS , *SHORT stature , *EPIPHYSIS , *INTELLECTUAL disabilities - Abstract
We report a 4.5 year old Egyptian male child, fourth in the order of birth of healthy remote consanguineous parents. He has typical facial as well as skeletal features of Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) II. The facial features included bilateral downward slanting palpebral fissures, bulbous nose, long filtrum, retromicrognathia, sparse hair in the scalp and thick eyebrows. The skeletal features included retarded bone age, cone shaped epiphyses of the phalanges and multiple exostoses. The patient has also growth retardation, moderate mental retardation and hyperlaxity of the right knee joint. However our patient has some features not reported in TRPS II patients. These included bilateral partial ptosis, long eye lashes, preauricular skin tag, short 2nd right finger, short metacarpals of both thumbs. So we have to expand the clinical spectrum. Karyotype demonstrated 46,XY,del 8(q23.3-q24.1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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27. Traumatic bone cyst of the mandible in Langer-Giedion syndrome: a case report.
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Nagori, Shakil Ahmed, Jose, Anson, Agarwal, Bhaskar, Bhatt, Krushna, Bhutia, Ongkila, and Roychoudhury, Ajoy
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- *
BONE tumors , *CYSTS (Pathology) , *BONE abnormalities , *FACIAL abnormalities , *MEDICAL radiography , *MEDICAL screening , *BRACHYDACTYLY - Abstract
Introduction Langer-Giedion syndrome (trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II) is an extremely rare disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, multiple exostoses, mental retardation and digit deformities. We report the first case of any maxillofacial pathology in such a syndromic patient. Case presentation A 22-year-old Indian woman with mild intellectual disability presented with malaligned teeth. Routine radiographic screening demonstrated a large multilocular lesion in her right mandible. She had peculiar features such as short stature, short limbs, brachydactyly, and dysmorphic facial characters, which prompted us to evaluate her further. After findings of multiple bony exostoses she was diagnosed with Langer-Giedion syndrome. On surgical exploration of her right mandibular lesion an empty cavity was found suggestive of traumatic bone cyst. The lesion healed completely after 1 year without loss of vitality of any teeth. Conclusions Although diagnosis and management of any maxillofacial pathology can be challenging in syndromic patients, our report suggests a possible correlation between traumatic bone cyst and Langer-Giedion syndrome. Clinicians should routinely screen these patients for any undetected maxillofacial pathology. In future cases of this syndrome, one should consider the possibility of traumatic bone cyst which may not require aggressive surgical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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28. Characterization of a Novel Frameshift Mutation Within the TRPS1 Gene Causing Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome Type 1 in a Kindred Cypriot Family.
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Ergoren MC, Akcan N, Manara E, Paolacci S, Fahrioğlu U, Betmezoglu M, Bundak R, Mocan G, Temel SG, and Bertelli M
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- DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Fingers abnormalities, Hair Diseases, Langer-Giedion Syndrome, Nose abnormalities, Repressor Proteins genetics, Transcription Factors genetics, Codon, Nonsense, Frameshift Mutation
- Abstract
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant multisystem disorder characterized by craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities. Three subtypes of TRPS have been described: TRPS type I, TRPS type II, and TRPS type III. Mutations in the TRPS1 gene can cause both TRPS type I and TRPS type III. Therefore, the genotype-phenotype correlation is crucial to determine the subtype. The current family study from Cyprus involves affected patients from 4 generations who presented with alopecia, unoperated umbilical hernia, caput quadratum, long philtrum, depressed nasal bridge, frontal bossing, pes planus, beaked nose, and some deformities in hands and feet. Sequence analysis of the TRPS1 gene revealed a novel c.2854_2858del (p.Asn952ArgfsTer2) frameshift variant leading to a premature stop codon. To the best of our knowledge, we report here the first case of a Turkish Cypriot family of 4 generations with a novel frameshift mutation leading to truncated protein in the TRPS1 gene causing TRPS type I clinical phenotype. Overall, as the genotype and phenotype correlation in TRPSI is still uncertain and complex, the present outcome can enhance our knowledge of this complicated, rare, and severe genetic disorder., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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29. Complex chromosomal rearrangements causing Langer-Giedion syndrome atypical phenotype: Genotype-phenotype correlation and literature review.
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Cappuccio, Gerarda, Genesio, Rita, Ronga, Valentina, Casertano, Alberto, Izzo, Antonella, Riccio, Maria Pia, Bravaccio, Carmela, Salerno, Maria Carolina, Nitsch, Lucio, Andria, Generoso, and Melis, Daniela
- Abstract
Langer-Giedion syndrome (LGS) is caused by a deletion of chromosome 8q23.3-q24.11. The LGS clinical spectrum includes intellectual disability (ID), short stature, microcephaly, facial dysmorphisms, exostoses. We describe a 4-year-old girl with ID, short stature, microcephaly, distinctive facial phenotype, skeletal signs (exostoses on the left fibula, coccyx agenesis, stubby and dysmorphic sphenoid bone, osteoporosis), central nervous system malformations (hypoplastic and dysmorphic corpus callosum and septum pellucidum), pituitary gland hypoplasia and hyperreninemia. Array-CGH revealed complex chromosomal rearrangements. A diagnosis of LGS was confirmed by the detection of a 8q23.3-q24.1 deletion. Associated chromosomal abnormalities were a 21q22.1 deletion and a balanced reciprocal translocation t(2;11)(p24;p15) de novo, confirmed by FISH analysis. We document the patient's atypical findings, never described in LGS patients, in order to update the genotype-phenotype correlation. We speculate that the disruption of regulatory elements mapping upstream CYP11B2 involved in the deleted region could cause hyperreninemia. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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30. Langer-Giedion syndrome: the evolving imaging features in hands and beyond.
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Tsang, Wai, Yang, Kwok, and Fong, Chi
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- *
PHALANGES , *RADIOGRAPHY , *CHINESE people , *EXOSTOSIS , *BRACHYDACTYLY , *DISEASES - Abstract
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRP) is a group of rare genetic disorders with characteristic clinical and radiological features. In this case report we discuss the evolution of imaging features in hands in a Chinese boy diagnosed with TRP II (Langer-Giedion syndrome, LGS). This article ramifies the diagnostic value of serial hand radiograph in clinically suspected cases of TRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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31. TRPS1 mutation detection in Chinese patients with Tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal syndrome and identification of four novel mutations
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Tingting Yu, Ruen Yao, Jian Wang, Xiumin Wang, Yanrong Qing, Niu Li, Chen Wang, and Yufei Xu
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal syndrome ,030105 genetics & heredity ,medicine.disease_cause ,GATA Transcription Factors ,Short stature ,03 medical and health sciences ,TRPS1 ,novel phenotype ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Missense mutation ,Tricho–rhino–phalangeal syndrome ,Craniofacial ,Child ,Molecular Biology ,Genetics (clinical) ,Mutation ,Binding Sites ,business.industry ,Original Articles ,medicine.disease ,Phenotype ,Repressor Proteins ,lcsh:Genetics ,030104 developmental biology ,Child, Preschool ,Original Article ,Female ,novel mutation ,medicine.symptom ,Haploinsufficiency ,business ,Novel mutation - Abstract
Background Tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by craniofacial and skeletal malformations including short stature, thin scalp hair, sparse lateral eyebrows, a pear‐shaped nose, and cone‐shaped epiphyses. This condition is caused by haploinsufficiency or dominant‐negative effect of the TRPS1 gene. Methods In this study, we analyzed the clinical and genetic data of five unrelated TRPS patients. They were suspected of having TRPS on the basis of clinical and radiological features including typical hair and facial features, as well as varying degrees of skeletal abnormalities. Next‐generation sequencing was performed to identify variants of the TRPS1 gene in the five patients. Results In patient 1, we found a novel mutation at c.1338C>A (p.Tyr446*) (de novo). Patient 2 had a novel phenotype of hydrocephaly and Arnold–Chiari syndrome and we also found a maternally inherited novel mutation at c.2657C>A (p.Ser886*). Patient 3 had a de novo novel mutation at c.2726G>C (p.Cys909Ser) leading to more severe phenotypes. Patient 4 had a paternally inherited known mutation at c.2762G>A (p.Arg921Gln). Patient 5 with a novel phenotype of hepatopathy had a novel deletion at [GRCh37] del(8)(q23.3‐q24.11) chr8:g.116,420,724‐119,124,058 (over 2,700 kb). In addition, the patient 3 who harboring missense variants in the GATA binding domain of TRPS1 showed more severe craniofacial and skeletal phenotypes. Conclusions We describe four novel mutations and two novel phenotypes in five patients. The mutational and phenotypic spectrum of TRPS is broadened by our study on TRPS mutations. Our results reveal the significance of molecular analysis of TRPS1 for improving the clinical diagnosis of TRPS., In this study, we described five Chinese patients of TRPS, including the clinical presentation and molecular features of each patient. We found four novel mutations and two novel phenotypes in five patients. And we believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it adds to a growing body of studies that characterize the nature of conditions arising from mutations in the TRPS1 gene.
- Published
- 2020
32. Trps1 transcription factor represses phosphate-induced expression of SerpinB2 in osteogenic cells
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Daisy Monier, Mairobys Socorro, Sana Khalid, Hajime Yamazaki, Dobrawa Napierala, Elia Beniash, and Apurva Shinde
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Mineralized tissues ,Histology ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Odontoblasts ,Physiology ,Chemistry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Cell Differentiation ,Serpin ,Article ,Cell biology ,Phosphates ,Extracellular matrix ,Repressor Proteins ,Mice ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Gene expression ,Cancer cell ,Animals ,Transcription factor ,Chromatin immunoprecipitation ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Serine protease inhibitor SerpinB2 is one of the most upregulated proteins following cellular stress. This multifunctional serpin has been attributed a number of pleiotropic activities, including roles in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, immunity and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Studies of cancer cells demonstrated that expression of SerpinB2 is directly repressed by the Trps1 transcription factor, which is a regulator of skeletal and dental tissues mineralization. In our previous studies, we identified SerpinB2 as one of the novel genes highly upregulated by phosphate (P(i)) at the initiation of the mineralization process, however SerpinB2 has never been implicated in formation nor homeostasis of mineralized tissues. The aim of this study was to establish, if SerpinB2 is involved in function of cells producing mineralized ECM and to determine the interplay between P(i) signaling and Trps1 in the regulation of SerpinB2 expression specifically in cells producing mineralized ECM. Analyses of the SerpinB2 expression pattern in mouse skeletal and dental tissues detected high SerpinB2 protein levels specifically in cells producing mineralized ECM. qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that SerpinB2 expression is activated by elevated P(i) specifically in osteogenic cells. However, the P(i)-induced SerpinB2 expression was diminished by overexpression of Trps1. Decreased SerpinB2 levels were also detected in osteoblasts and odontoblasts of 2.3Col1a1-Trps1 transgenic mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) revealed that the occupancy of Trps1 on regulatory elements in the SerpinB2 gene changes in response to P(i). In vitro functional assessment of the consequences of SerpinB2 deficiency in cells producing mineralized ECM detected impaired mineralization in SerpinB2-deficient cells in comparison with controls. In conclusion, high and specific expression of SerpinB2 in cells producing mineralized ECM, the impaired mineralization of SerpinB2-deficient cells and regulation of SerpinB2 expression by two molecules regulating formation of mineralized tissues suggest involvement of SerpinB2 in physiological mineralization.
- Published
- 2020
33. Long-read DNA sequencing fully characterized chromothripsis in a patient with Langer-Giedion syndrome and Cornelia de Lange syndrome-4
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Satomi Mitsuhashi, Noriko Miyake, Yifeng Yang, Desheng Liang, Kazutaka Katoh, Ming Lei, Martin C. Frith, Naomichi Matsumoto, and Lingqian Wu
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Cornelia de Lange Syndrome ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Chromosomal translocation ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,Biology ,N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ,Contiguous gene syndrome ,Genome ,DNA sequencing ,Translocation, Genetic ,Article ,Langer–Giedion syndrome ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome Type II ,De Lange Syndrome ,Genetics research ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Clinical genetics ,Child ,Genetics (clinical) ,Chromothripsis ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,medicine.disease ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Nanopore Sequencing ,030104 developmental biology ,Phenotype ,Chromosome Deletion ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Chromothripsis is a type of chaotic complex genomic rearrangement caused by a single event of chromosomal shattering and repair processes. Chromothripsis is known to cause rare congenital diseases when it occurs in germline cells, however, current genome analysis technologies have difficulty in detecting and deciphering chromothripsis. It is possible that this type of complex rearrangement may be overlooked in rare-disease patients whose genetic diagnosis is unsolved. We applied long read nanopore sequencing and our recently developed analysis pipeline dnarrange to a patient who has a reciprocal chromosomal translocation t(8;18)(q22;q21) as a result of chromothripsis between the two chromosomes, and fully characterize the complex rearrangements at the translocation site. The patient genome was evidently shattered into 19 fragments, and rejoined into derivative chromosomes in a random order and orientation. The reconstructed patient genome indicates loss of five genomic regions, which all overlap with microarray-detected copy number losses. We found that two disease-related genes RAD21 and EXT1 were lost by chromothripsis. These two genes could fully explain the disease phenotype with facial dysmorphisms and bone abnormality, which is likely a contiguous gene syndrome, Cornelia de Lange syndrome type IV (CdLs-4) and atypical Langer–Giedion syndrome (LGS), also known as trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II (TRPSII). This provides evidence that our approach based on long read sequencing can fully characterize chromothripsis in a patient’s genome, which is important for understanding the phenotype of disease caused by complex genomic rearrangement.
- Published
- 2020
34. [Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome due to a novel frameshift variation of the TRPS1 gene]
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Ning, Liu, Ying, Bai, Yin, Feng, and Xiangdong, Kong
- Subjects
DNA-Binding Proteins ,Fingers ,Repressor Proteins ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Humans ,Female ,Nose ,Frameshift Mutation ,Hair Diseases ,Pedigree ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
To explore the genetic etiology of a pedigree affected with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome.Next-generation sequencing (NGS) using a gene panel for hereditary osteopathies was carried out for the proband. Suspected mutation was validated in the proband and her parents by Sanger sequencing.A heterozygous frameshift variation c.1995dupA (p.Gly666Argfs*20) of the TRPS1 gene was detected in the proband but not in her parents.The novel c.1995dupA (p.Gly666Argfs*20) mutation of the TRPS1 gene probably underlies the disease in the proband.
- Published
- 2019
35. Long-term follow-up of four patients with langer-giedion syndrome: Clinical course and complications.
- Author
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Schinzel, Albert, Riegel, Mariluce, Baumer, Alessandra, Superti ‐ Furga, Andrea, Moreira, Lilia M.A., Santo, Layla D.E., Schiper, Patricia P., Carvalho, José HENrique Dantas, and Giedion, Andres
- Abstract
Long-term observations of individuals with the so-called Langer-Giedion (LGS) or tricho-rhino-phalangeal type II (TRPS2) are scarce. We report here a on follow-up of four LGS individuals, including one first described by Andres Giedion in 1969, and review the sparse publications on adults with this syndrome which comprises ectodermal dysplasia, multiple cone-shaped epiphyses prior to puberty, multiple cartilaginous exostoses, and mostly mild intellectual impairment. LGS is caused by deletion of the chromosomal segment 8q24.11-q24.13 containing among others the genes EXT1 and TRPS1. Most patients with TRPS2 are only borderline or mildly cognitively delayed, and few are of normal intelligence. Their practical skills are better than their intellectual capability, and, for this reason and because of their low self-esteem, they are often underestimated. Some patients develop seizures at variable age. Osteomas on processes of cervical vertebrae may cause pressure on cervical nerves or dissection of cerebral arteries. Joint stiffness is observed during childhood and changes later to joint laxity causing instability and proneness to trauma. Perthes disease is not rare. Almost all males become bald at or soon after puberty, and some develop (pseudo) gynecomastia. Growth hormone deficiency was found in a few patients, TSH deficiency so far only in one. Puberty and fertility are diminished, and no instance of transmission of the deletion from a non-mosaic parent to a child has been observed so far. Several affected females had vaginal atresia with consequent hydrometrocolpos. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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36. Langer-Giedion Syndrome
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Lang, Florian, editor
- Published
- 2009
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37. Anesthetic management of a child with Langer-Giedion (TRPS II) syndrome.
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MICHALEK, PAVEL, DOHERTY, JOHN T., and VESELA, MICHAELA MICHALKOVA
- Subjects
- *
PEDIATRIC anesthesia , *SYNDROMES in children , *DENTAL anesthesia , *GENETIC disorders in children , *EXOSTOSIS - Abstract
We describe the anesthetic and perioperative management of a child with Langer-Giedion syndrome (trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II). This is a very rare genetic syndrome caused by 8q chromosome deletion. The clinical features of this syndrome include craniofacial and urogenital abnormities, variable postnatal growth deficiency with mental retardation, multiple exostoses, hyperflexible joints, and recurrent respiratory tract infections. Potential perioperative problems are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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38. Mutation analysis of TRPS1 gene including core promoter, 5′UTR, and 3′UTR regulatory sequences with insight into their organization
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Josef Vcelak, A. Baxova, Katerina Hirschfeldova, Roman Solc, Jan Vseticka, Miloslav kuklik, Rastislav Beharka, and Michaela Klugerova
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Five prime untranslated region ,In silico ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Nonsense mutation ,Haploinsufficiency ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Missense mutation ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Child ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,3' Untranslated Regions ,Genetics ,Mutation ,Base Sequence ,Biochemistry (medical) ,General Medicine ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Repressor Proteins ,030104 developmental biology ,Regulatory sequence ,Child, Preschool ,Chromosomal region ,Female ,5' Untranslated Regions ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
The TRPS1 protein is a potent regulator of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The TRPS1 gene aberrations are strongly associated with rare trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) development. We have conducted MLPA analysis to capture deletion within the crucial 8q24.1 chromosomal region in combination with mutation analysis of TRPS1 gene including core promoter, 5'UTR, and 3'UTR sequences in nine TRPS patients. Low complexity or extent of untranslated regulatory sequences avoided them from analysis in previous studies. Amplicon based next generation sequencing used in our study bridge over these technical limitations. Finally, we have made extended in silico analysis of TRPS1 gene regulatory sequences organization. Single contiguous deletion and an intragenic deletion intervening several exons were detected. Mutation analysis revealed five TRPS1 gene aberrations (two structural rearrangements, two nonsense mutations, and one missense substitution) reaching the overall detection rate of 78%. Several polymorphic variants were detected within the analysed regulatory sequences but without proposed pathogenic effect. In silico analysis suggested alternative promoter usage and diverse expression effectivity for different TRPS1 transcripts. Haploinsufficiency of TRPS1 gene was responsible for most of the TRPS phenotype. Structure of TRPS1 gene regulatory sequences is indicative of generally low single allele expression and its tight control.
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- 2017
39. Tetraparesis due to exostotic osteochondroma at upper cervical cord in a patient with multiple exostoses-mental retardation syndrome (Langer-Giedion syndrome).
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Miyamoto, K, Sakaguchi, Y, Hosoe, H, Mori, A, Yamazaki, S, Hattori, S, and Shimizu, K
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- *
OSTEOCHONDROMA , *BONE tumors , *INTELLECTUAL disabilities , *SPINAL cord , *DIAGNOSTIC imaging , *PATIENTS - Abstract
STUDY DESIGN::Case report of a severe upper cervical cord compression and tetraparesis by a massive cervical exostotic osteochondroma in a patient with multiple exostoses-mental retardation syndrome (Langer-Giedion syndrome; LGS). OBJECTIVE::To describe this very rare pathological condition and the results of surgical intervention. SETTING::Gifu, Japan. METHODS::A 23-year-old man was referred to our clinic because of progressing tetraparesis. He had previously been diagnosed with hereditary multiple exostoses and mental retardation. As he had not complained of any symptoms, his family only noticed the tetraparesis after advanced deterioration. His face possessed the pathognomic features of LGS. A postmyelogram CT scan demonstrated an exostotic mass arising from the left-side C2 pedicle with associated severe spinal cord compression. He was diagnosed with LGS. Hemilaminectomy on the left side and resection of the osteochondroma were performed. RESULTS::At 5 years postoperatively, a neurological examination showed the full return of all motor functions. The CT scan revealed no intracanalar recurrence of the tumor. CONCLUSION::In this case of severe tetraparesis due to cervical osteochondroma, decompression by hemilaminectomy provided excellent results. In patients with LGS and intracanalar osteochondroma, the neurological deficit may be masked by mental retardation. Hence, awareness of this pathological condition will help clinicians diagnose it at an early stage.Spinal Cord (2005) 43, 190-194. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101690 Published online 7 December 2004 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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40. Langer-Giedion Syndrome
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- 2006
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41. The effect of growth hormone treatment in a child with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome: A case report and review of the literature
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Dalit Modan-Moses, Shlomo Wientroub, Leonid Zeitlin, Yael Levy-Shraga, and Dror Ovadia
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Radiography ,Physical examination ,030105 genetics & heredity ,Hip dysplasia (canine) ,Short stature ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,Medicine ,Tricho–rhino–phalangeal syndrome ,Humans ,Craniofacial ,Genetics (clinical) ,Pelvis ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Body Height ,Growth hormone treatment ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Child, Preschool ,Growth Hormone ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is characterized by craniofacial and skeletal malformations including short stature, cone-shaped phalangeal epiphyses and Perthes-like changes of the hip. We describe the response to growth hormone (GH) treatment in a boy with TRPS. The patient presented at age 3.5 years for evaluation of short stature (-3.2SD). On physical examination, the characteristic facial phenotype of TRPS was noted. Radiographs showed cone-shaped phalangeal epiphyses and bilateral small and fragmented femoral heads. The diagnosis was confirmed by Sanger sequencing of the TRPS1 gene. Two GH stimulation tests revealed GH deficiency, and GH treatment was initiated. Subsequently, growth velocity improved, as did the radiographic appearance of the femoral epiphyses, as seen on sequential pelvis radiographs. This observation suggests the possibility of a beneficial effect of GH treatment on both height and epiphyses status in TRPS patient with GH deficiency. Further studies are needed to support the observation.
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- 2019
42. Trps1 transcription factor regulates mineralization of dental tissues and proliferation of tooth organ cells
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Mairobys Socorro, Morgan Goss, Dobrawa Napierala, Kostas Verdelis, and Daisy Monier
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0301 basic medicine ,Molar ,Male ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Mesenchyme ,030105 genetics & heredity ,Biology ,Dental Caries ,Nose ,Biochemistry ,GATA Transcription Factors ,Article ,Andrology ,Fingers ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,stomatognathic system ,Genetics ,medicine ,Dentin ,Microdontia ,Animals ,Molecular Biology ,Alleles ,Cell Proliferation ,Mice, Knockout ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Cell Differentiation ,Epithelial Cells ,X-Ray Microtomography ,medicine.disease ,Epithelium ,RUNX2 ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Repressor Proteins ,stomatognathic diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Immunohistochemistry ,Odontogenesis ,Female ,Hair Diseases ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Tooth Calcification - Abstract
Mutations of the TRPS1 gene cause trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS), a skeletal dysplasia with dental abnormalities. TRPS dental phenotypes suggest that TRPS1 regulates multiple aspects of odontogenesis, including the tooth number and size. Previous studies delineating Trps1 expression throughout embryonic tooth development in mice detected strong Trps1 expression in dental mesenchyme, preodontoblasts, and dental follicles, suggesting that TRPS dental phenotypes result from abnormalities in early developmental processes. In this study, Trps1(+/−) and Trps1(−/−) mice were analyzed to determine consequences of Trps1 deficiency on odontogenesis. We focused on the aspects of tooth formation that are disturbed in TRPS and on potential molecular abnormalities underlying TRPS dental phenotypes. Microcomputed tomography analyses of molars were used to determine tooth size, crown shape, and mineralization of dental tissues. These analyses uncovered that disruption of one Trps1 allele is sufficient to impair mineralization of dentin in both male and female mice. Enamel mineral density was decreased only in males, while mineralization of the root dental tissues was decreased only in females. In addition, significantly smaller teeth were detected in Trps1(+/−) females. Histomorphometric analyses of tooth organs showed reduced anterior-posterior diameter in Trps1(−/−) mice. BrdU-incorporation assay detected reduced proliferation of mesenchymal and epithelial cells in Trps1(−/−) tooth organs. Immunohistochemistry for Runx2 and Osx osteogenic transcription factors revealed changes in their spatial distribution in Trps1(−/−) tooth organs and uncovered cell-type specific requirements of Trps1 for Osx expression. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that Trps1 is a positive regulator of cell proliferation in both dental mesenchyme and epithelium, suggesting that the microdontia in TRPS is likely due to decreased cell proliferation in developing tooth organs. Furthermore, the reduced mineralization observed in Trps1(+/−) mice may provide some explanation for the extensive dental caries reported in TRPS patients.
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- 2019
43. Non-ossifying fibroma with a pathologic fracture in a 12-year-old girl with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome: a case report
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Haiqu Song, Xuejun Li, Mingzhu Lin, Liying Wang, Haifang Zhang, Nanzhu Li, Caoxin Huang, Weijuan Su, Yanzhen Zhuang, and Xiulin Shi
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Male ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Fibula fracture ,Gene Expression ,Case Report ,Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neoplasms ,Child ,Genetics (clinical) ,Brachydactyly ,Genetic disorder ,Exons ,Non-ossifying fibroma ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Paternal Inheritance ,Female ,TRPS1 gene ,Adult ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,Pathologic fracture ,Bone Neoplasms ,Fibroma ,Nose ,Fingers ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Tricho–rhino–phalangeal syndrome ,Craniofacial ,Fibula ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,Base Sequence ,business.industry ,Phalanx ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Radiography ,Repressor Proteins ,lcsh:Genetics ,Fractures, Spontaneous ,Mutation ,Hair Diseases ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Background Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, while non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) is a common benign bone tumour in children and adolescents. To date, no case of TRPS coexisting with NOF has been reported. This report presents a 12-year-old girl who had the characteristic features of tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome and non-ossifying fibroma with a fibula fracture. Case presentation A 12-year-old girl was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes for evaluation of brachydactyly and a right fibula fracture. Clinical examination revealed sparse scalp hair, a characteristic bulbous pear-shaped nose, and brachydactyly with significant shortening of the fourth metatarsal. Neither intellectual disability nor multiple exostoses were observed. Radiography of both hands showed brachydactyly and cone-shaped epiphyses of the middle phalanges of the digits of both hands with deviation of the phalangeal axis. Genetic analysis of TRPS1 identified a heterozygous germline sequence variant (p.Ala932Thr) in exon 6 in the girl and her father. Approximately 1 month before being admitted to our department, the girl experienced a minor fall and suffered a fracture of the proximal fibula in the right lower limb. The pathological cytological diagnosis of the osteolytic lesion was NOF. Ten months following the surgery, the lesion on the proximal fibula of the girl disappeared. Conclusions In conclusion, the present study is the first to report a rare case of NOF with a pathologic fracture in the fibula of a girl with TRPS. The identification of a missense mutation, (p.Ala932Thr), in exon 6 of TRPS1 in this kindred further suggested that the patient had type I TRPS and indicated that mutations in this exon may be correlated with more pronounced features of the syndrome. Radiological techniques and genetic analysis played key roles in the definitive diagnosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0732-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2018
44. Expression of TRPS1 in phyllodes tumor and sarcoma of the breast.
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Wang J, Wang WL, Sun H, Huo L, Wu Y, Chen H, Gan Q, Meis JM, Maloney N, Lazar AJ, Yoon EC, Albarracin CT, Krishnamurthy S, Middleton LP, Resetkova E, Yu W, Tan D, Lu W, Solis Soto LM, Wang S, Wistuba II, Parwani AV, Prieto VG, Sahin AA, Li Z, and Ding Q
- Subjects
- Female, Fingers abnormalities, Hair Diseases, Humans, Langer-Giedion Syndrome, Nose abnormalities, Repressor Proteins, Bone Neoplasms genetics, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma pathology, Chondrosarcoma genetics, Osteosarcoma, Phyllodes Tumor pathology, Sarcoma pathology, Soft Tissue Neoplasms
- Abstract
When a sarcomatous neoplasm is identified in the breast, distinguishing metaplastic carcinoma, malignant phyllodes tumor (MPT), and primary sarcoma is a diagnostic challenge, especially on small biopsies, as all these tumors may have overlapping morphological features, thoroughly grossing with histological examination and immunohistochemical staining being the standard approach to aid in classifying these lesions. Recently, we identified a highly sensitive and specific breast carcinoma marker TRPS1 with high expression in metaplastic breast carcinoma. In the current study, we tested TRPS1 in MPTs and primary sarcoma of the breast. We found TRPS1 was highly expressed (95%) within spindle cell, chondro-osseous, and/or liposarcomatous components of MPTs, in all breast primary chondrosarcomas and extraskeletal osteosarcomas, but not in other sarcomas of the breast. In extramammary sarcomas, TRPS1 was expressed in 28% of conventional chondrosarcomas and 56% of osteosarcomas of bone, but rarely in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPSs), liposarcomas, and angiosarcomas. In summary, MPTs may share similar genetic background with metaplastic carcinoma exhibiting TRPS1 expression, and TRPS1 may play a role in chondro-osseous differentiation because of its expression in chondro-osseous sarcomas from both breast and extramammary sites. Our findings suggest TRPS1 may be clinically useful in distinguishing MPT and metaplastic carcinoma from primary breast sarcoma except for tumors with chondro-osseous differentiation., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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45. Novel Pathogenetic Variants in PTHLH and TRPS1 Genes Causing Syndromic Brachydactyly.
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Elli FM, Mattinzoli D, Lucca C, Piu M, Maffini MA, Costanza J, Fontana L, Santaniello C, Forino C, Milani D, Bonati MT, Secco A, Gastaldi R, Alfieri C, Messa P, Miozzo M, Arosio M, and Mantovani G
- Subjects
- DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Fingers abnormalities, Hair Diseases, Humans, Langer-Giedion Syndrome, Nose abnormalities, Parathyroid Hormone, Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein genetics, Repressor Proteins genetics, Brachydactyly diagnosis, Brachydactyly genetics, Pseudohypoparathyroidism genetics
- Abstract
Skeletal disorders, including both isolated and syndromic brachydactyly type E, derive from genetic defects affecting the fine tuning of the network of pathways involved in skeletogenesis and growth-plate development. Alterations of different genes of this network may result in overlapping phenotypes, as exemplified by disorders due to the impairment of the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein pathway, and obtaining a correct diagnosis is sometimes challenging without a genetic confirmation. Five patients with Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO)-like skeletal malformations without a clear clinical diagnosis were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and novel potentially pathogenic variants in parathyroid hormone like hormone (PTHLH) (BDE with short stature [BDE2]) and TRPS1 (tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome [TRPS]) were discovered. The pathogenic impact of these variants was confirmed by in vitro functional studies. This study expands the spectrum of genetic defects associated with BDE2 and TRPS and demonstrates the pathogenicity of TRPS1 missense variants located outside both the nuclear localization signal and the GATA ((A/T)GATA(A/G)-binding zinc-containing domain) and Ikaros-like binding domains. Unfortunately, we could not find distinctive phenotypic features that might have led to an earlier clinical diagnosis, further highlighting the high degree of overlap among skeletal syndromes associated with brachydactyly and AHO-like features, and the need for a close interdisciplinary workout in these rare patients. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)., (© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).)
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- 2022
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46. Fate mapping of Trps1 daughter cells during cardiac development using novel Trps1-Cre mice
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Satoshi Wakisaka, Ahmed G. Nomir, Ashraf A. El Sharaby, Yuto Takeuchi, Junji Fujikawa, and Makoto Abe
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0301 basic medicine ,Regulation of gene expression ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cell division ,Cre recombinase ,Cell Biology ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Hair follicle ,Molecular biology ,Langer–Giedion syndrome ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Fate mapping ,cardiovascular system ,Genetics ,medicine ,Interventricular septum ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Congenital disorder - Abstract
Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare congenital disorder that is characterized by abnormal hair growth and skeletal deformities. These result in sparse hair, short stature, and early onset of joint problems. Recent reports have shown that a relatively high proportion of patients with TRPS exhibit a broad range of congenital heart defects. To determine the regulation of Trps1 transcription in vivo, we generated novel transgenic mice, which expressed Cre recombinase under the murine Trps1 proximal promoter sequence (Trps1-Cre). We crossed these mice with Cre reporter mice to identify Trps1 daughter cells. Labeled cells were observed in the appendicular joint tissue, dermal papilla of the hair follicles, cardiac valves, aortic sinus, atrial walls, and the interventricular septum. In situ analysis showed restricted Trps1 expression, which was observed in endocardial cushions of the outflow tract, and in leaflets of all mature cardiac valves. These results suggest that the Trps1 proximal promoter sequence contains some of the tissue-specific Trps1 regulatory region. Further, our findings partially explain why patients with TRPS show a broad range of congenital cardiac defects, although Trps1 expression is observed in a more restricted fashion. genesis 54:379-388, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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- 2016
47. A Case Report of a Cervical Exostosis and Spinal Cord Compression in a Child with Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome II
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Shahme Ahamed Farook, Muniba Hussain, Darach Crimmins, and Aekta Mistry
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Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome II ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Hereditary multiple exostoses ,Genetic disorder ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Langer–Giedion syndrome ,Hemiparesis ,Spinal cord compression ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Exostosis - Abstract
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is an extremely rare complex genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance. This case report discusses the management of a 4-year-old child with TRPS II (previously known as Langer–Giedion syndrome), who presented with right-sided hemiparesis and a limping gait secondary to spinal cord compression at the level of C1. Here, we document a child who underwent a successful decompressive laminectomy, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach in managing rare and complex cases.
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- 2016
48. Skeletal abnormalities of tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type I
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Guilherme Monteiro de Barros and Adriana Maria Kakehasi
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Clinodactyly ,Adolescent ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Craniofacial abnormality ,Bone matrix ,Nose ,Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type I ,Short stature ,Joint malformations ,Fingers ,Finger Phalanges ,03 medical and health sciences ,TRPS1 gene ,Síndrome genética ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Tricho–rhino–phalangeal syndrome ,General Environmental Science ,business.industry ,Genetic disorder ,Syndrome ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Arthralgia ,Síndrome tricorrinofalangiana tipo I ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Repressor Proteins ,030104 developmental biology ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,medicine.symptom ,Skeletal abnormalities ,Hair Diseases ,business ,Malformações articulares ,Genetic syndrome ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
The tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) type I is a rare genetic disorder related to the TRPS1 gene mutation in chromosome 8, characterized by craniofacial abnormalities and disturbances in formation and maturation of bone matrix. The hallmarks are sparse and brittle hair, tendency to premature baldness, bulbous nose called pear-shaped, long and flat filter and low ear implantation. The most noticeable skeletal changes are clinodactyly, phalangeal epiphyses of the hands appearing as cone-shaped, short stature and hip joint malformations. We report a case of a teenager boy diagnosed with TRPS and referred for rheumatologic evaluation due to joint complaints.
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- 2016
49. Langer-Giedion Syndrome: a Rare Case Report
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Katge, Farhin Ali, Rusawat, Bhavesh Dahyabhai, Shivasharan, Pooja Ravindra, and Patil, Devendra Pandurang
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stomatognathic diseases ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome type 2 ,Hypodontia ,Exostosis ,Case Report - Abstract
Langer-Giedion syndrome is a very uncommon autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by the deletion of chromosomal material. It is characterized by multiple bony exostosis, short stature, mental retardation, and typical facial features. The characteristic appearance of individuals includes sparse scalp hair, rounded nose, prominent philtral area and thin upper lip. Some cases with this condition have loose skin in childhood which typically resolves with age. Oral and dental manifestations include micrognathia, retrognathia, hypodontia, and malocclusion based on cephalometric analysis. This report presents a case of Langer-Giedion syndrome in a 10-year-old child.
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- 2016
50. Prenatal diagnosis and array comparative genomic hybridization characterization of interstitial deletions of 8q23.3–q24.11 and 8q24.13 associated with Langer-Giedion syndrome, Cornelia de Lange syndrome and haploinsufficiency of TRPS1, RAD21 and EXT1
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Schu-Rern Chern, Chih-Ping Chen, Yen-Ni Chen, Peih-Shan Wu, Yi-Yung Chen, Ming-Huei Lin, Meng-Shan Lee, Wayseen Wang, and Chen-Wen Pan
- Subjects
Adult ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cornelia de Lange Syndrome ,Langer-Giedion syndrome ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,Prenatal diagnosis ,Haploinsufficiency ,N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ,Cornelia de Lange syndrome-4 ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,Langer–Giedion syndrome ,Diagnosis, Differential ,TRPS1 ,Pregnancy ,De Lange Syndrome ,Prenatal Diagnosis ,Obstetrics and Gynaecology ,medicine ,Humans ,RAD21 ,lcsh:RG1-991 ,Genetics ,Comparative Genomic Hybridization ,Fetus ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Nuclear Proteins ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Chromosome ,DNA ,EXT1 ,Phosphoproteins ,medicine.disease ,8q23.3–q24.13 deletion ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Repressor Proteins ,Amniocentesis ,Female ,Chromosome Deletion ,business ,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ,Transcription Factors ,Comparative genomic hybridization - Abstract
Objective The aim of this research was to present prenatal diagnosis of Langer-Giedion syndrome (LGS/TRPS type II) and Cornelia de Lange syndrome-4 (CDLS4). Materials and methods A 36-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. Conventional cytogenetic analysis of amniocentesis revealed an interstitial deletion of chromosome 8q or del(8)(q23.3q24.13). Level II prenatal ultrasound examination revealed craniofacial dysmorphism. The pregnancy was terminated, and a malformed fetus was delivered with characteristic craniofacial dysmorphism of LGS/TRPS type II and CDLS4. Whole-genome array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on the DNA extracted from cultured amniocytes was performed. Results The analysis by aCGH revealed a result of arr 8q23.3q24.11 (116,087,006–118,969,399)×1, 8q24.13 (123,086,851–124,470,847)×1 (NCBI build 37) with a 2.88-Mb deletion of 8q23.3–q24.11 encompassing six OMIM genes, TRPS1 , EIF3H , RAD21 , SLC30A8 , MED30 , and EXT1 , and a 1.383-Mb deletion of 8q24.13 encompassing four OMIM genes, ZHX2 , DERL1 , ZHX1 , and ATAD2 . Conclusion In the present case, the conventional cytogenetic analysis of cultured amniocytes revealed del(8)(q23.3q24.13), whereas aCGH analysis of cultured amniocytes showed the deletions of 8q23.3–q24.11 and 8q24.13 with the presence of the segment 8q24.12. Therefore, aCGH provides the advantage of better understanding of the nature of interstitial deletion and genotype–phenotype correlation in this case.
- Published
- 2015
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