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ovum Lanistes ovum Troschel, 1845: 215. Type material ��� lectotype (K��hler & Glaubrecht 2006: 208, fig. 2 l): ZMB 111748 a; paralectotypes ZMB 111748 b (2 spms.), ZMB 109592 (3 spms.), ZMB 6694 (4 spms., soft bodies in alcohol, probably belonging to the shells of ZMB 111748), ZMB 3887 (3 spms.), NHMUK 196279 (1 spm.). Type locality ������Tete���, ��� Mozambique ���. Distribution ���southern Sudan [now probably South Sudan], southern Somalia, coastal Kenya and southwards to northeastern Natal and northern Botswana; westwards through Chad to southwestern Nigeria; southwestwards to Angola and the Okavango Delta (Brown 1980: 54, 1994: 63); also South Africa and Zimbabwe (Connolly 1939: 555), and Madagascar, teste Starm��hlner (1969: 118), though not Fischer & Vukadinovic (1974: 349). Remarks. Name attributed to Peters by Troschel but K��hler & Glaubrecht (2006: 208) considered that Peters was only the collector. By designating the lectotype, K��hler & Glaubrecht (2006: 208) restricted the type locality to Tete, although paralectotypes are also from Sena. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 67), who placed it in Lanistes s. str., and Pilsbry & Bequaert (1927: 196), Brown (1980: 52, 1994: 62) and Berthold (1991: 246), who all placed it in Lanistes subg. Meladomus., Published as part of Cowie, Robert H., 2015, The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda, pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 3940 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/288204, {"references":["Troschel, F. H. (1845) Anatomie von Ampullaria urceus und uber die Gattung Lanistes Montf. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 11 (1), 97 - 216, pl. 8.","Kohler, F. & Glaubrecht, M. (2006) The types of Ampullariidae Gray, 1824 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Malacological Collection of the Natural History Museum, Berlin: an annotated catalogue with lectotype designations. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 82 (1), 198 - 215.","Brown, D. S. (1980) Freshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance. Taylor & Francis, London, x + 487 pp.","Connolly, M. (1939) A monographic survey of South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum, 33 (1), i - iii, 1 - 660, pls. 1 - 19. [December; front wrapper of issue]","Starmuhlner, F. (1969) Ergebnisse der Osterreichischen Madagaskar-Expedition 1958. Die Gastropoden der Madagassischen Binnengewasser. Schale, Makro- und Mikroanatomie des Weichkorpers, Lebensraum und geographische Verbreitung. Malacologia, 8 (1 - 2), 1 - 434. [October; Malacologia 11 (2): inside back cover]","Fischer-Piette, E. & Vukadinovic, D. ([1974]) Sur les mollusques fluviatiles de Madagascar. Malacologia, 12 (2 [for 1973]), 339 - 378. [11 March; Malacologia 15 (2): un-numbered page at end of issue]","Pilsbry, H. A. & Bequaert, J. T. (1927) The aquatic mollusks of the Belgian Congo. With a geographical and ecological account of Congo malacology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 53 (2), 69 - 602, pls. 10 - 77. [9 May; cover of article]","Berthold, T. (1991) Vergleichende Anatomie, Phylogenie und historische Biogeographie der Ampullariidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, NF, 29, 1 - 256."]}

The urban reservoirs n° 2 and n°3 of Ouagadougou, located in the middle of the city are subject to multiple anthropogenic pressures which threaten the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates community group like molluscs. This study was initiated to assess the diversity and distribution of benthic molluscs in these reservoirs. Molluscs samples were collected monthly using an Eckman grab (12 x 20 cm2) between September 2011 and February 2012 in 24 sampling points defined on each reservoir. In parallel, physicochemical variables and water colon depth were measured. After sampling, molluscs were transported to the laboratory for identification. A total of 328 specimens were collected of which 5 species were identified: three species of Gastropods (Bellamya unicolor, Cleopatra bulimoides, Lanistes ovum) and two species of Bivalves (Coelatura aegyptiaca, Mutela rostrata). B. unicolor was the most abundant species with 71% of the collected molluscs and preferentially occupied the edges of the reservoir. It was followed by C. aegyptiaca (27%) which was abundant in the central axis of the reservoir. Physicochemical variables influence the distribution of species. For all measured physicochemical factors, B. unicolor was more tolerant than C. aegyptiaca on the occupation of available habitat.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Bivalves, Gastropods, available habitat, physicochemical variables, anthropogenic pressures

A total of 320 (24%) out of 1,309 specimens of Lanistes ovum collected from Ajara Fish Ponds in Badagry, Nigeria was infected by Unionicola (Pentatax) macani. Infection rates were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season, and ranged between 4% and 49% monthly. The gut contents of Unionicola were found to be mucous materials from the host. The mite did not feed on miracidia of Schistosoma haematobium and did not become established in Bulinus (Physopsis) globosus in the laboratory.

Most of the previous records of the freshwater molluscs from the Kruger National Park date back to 1966 and earlier. On account of several droughts between 1966 and 1995, a survey was done in 1995 to evaluate the effect of these droughts on the mollusc population. As a result of extensive rainfall between 1995 and 2000 another survey was conducted to establish the effect of a period of exceptionally high rainfall on the species’ diversity of the mollusc population. With the exception of three habitats, an increase in mollusc diversity was recorded for all the other habitats previously surveyed. One of the invader freshwater snail species, Aplexa marmorata, collected in only one habitat in 1995, was found in seven habitats located mainly in the south during the 2001 survey. Another interesting finding was that juvenile specimens of Lanistes ovum, of which large specimens were present prior to 1966 but none found in 1995, were present in the Sirheni Dam in 2001. From this study the positive effect of the high rainfall on the species’ diversity is highly evident.

Dry and rainy season investigations of diverse freshwater habitats in south-western Nigeria revealed fourteen species of snail comprised of nine pulmonates: Biomphalaria pfeifferi Krauss, Bulinus globosus Morelet, Bulinus rohlfsi Clessin, Lymnaea natalensis Krauss, Physa ( ≈ Aplexa) waterloti Germain, Bulinus forskali Ehrenberg, Gyraulus costulatus Krauss, Ferrissia sp, Segmentorbis sp. and five prosobranchs namely, Lanistes libycus Morelet, Lanistes ovum Peters, Pila wernei Philippi, Potadoma moerchi Reeve and Melanoides tuberculata Muller.

Ova of S. intercalatum have been found in the urban city of Port Harcourt in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, following examination of stool and urine samples from 1,709 persons (5–15 years of age) resident in various parts of the city. The ova occurred only in urine, with prevalence ranging from 1.0% to 9.8% with an overall prevalence of 5.7%. The intensity of the infection was low. Most infected individuals had counts of less than 500 ova in total bladder content. There was no significant difference in either the prevalence or intensity of the infection among the sexes (Male; prevalence 6.1%, intensity 527.3 vs Female; prevalence 5.4%, intensity 500.9). No case of infection with either S. haematobium or S. mansoni was encountered in the study. Malacological surveys in the gutters, creeks, streams and stagnant waterbodies within the city showed the presence of Lymnaea natalensis, Bulinus forskalii, Pila ovata, Melanoides tuberculata, Physa sp., Lanistes ovum and Segmentorbis sp. B. forskalii is indicated as the probable vector of S. intercalatum in the city. The growing problem of urban schistosomiasis in tropical Africa is discussed. Further studies on urban transmission and epidemiology of schistosomiasis in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria is also indicated.

Summary Anthony, A. J. & Sherry, B. Y. 1980. Openbill Storks breeding in the southeastern lowveld of Zimbabwe Rhodesia. Ostrich 51:1-6. Openbill Storks Anastomus lamelligerus bred in the Gonarezhou National Park at Tam-boharta pan between January and June 1974 and again in 1975. Two breeding cycles occurred during the 1974 season. The storks nested in a mixed heronry in Acacia albida trees which were at the time rooted in a flooded alluvial pan. In 1974, 65 of 165 nests in the colony belonged to Openbills and in 1975, 78 of 130 nests belonged to Openbills. Successful breeding activity appeared to be associated with excessive rains, resulting in submerged trees in which to nest and abundant snails on which to feed. Clutch size was three to four eggs and hatching was markedly asynchronous. The only food item regurgitated by nestlings was the soft parts of the snail Lanistes ovum which abounded in the swampy areas near the heronry.

The structure and functioning of the gut of Pomacea canaliculata (D'Orb.) has been investigated using living and preserved material. Anatomical studies were also carried out on preserved specimens of Pila globosa, Turbinicola saxea and Lanistes ovum bangweolicus. The gut of pilids is specialised for a macrophagous diet, usually of aquatic angiosperms. The mid-oesophagus is a crop for storage, and the stomach has a large triturating gizzard developed from the gastric shield area. This is the site of extra-cellular digestion; there is no intra-cellular digestion in any part of the gut. The ducts of the digestive gland open into a special region of the stomach, the vestibule, which is histologically similar to them. The style sac begins the compacting of the faeces, which is completed in tho intestine. There is no evidence that absorption ocrurs in the epithelium of tho stomach or intestine; soluble products of digestion are carried into the digestive gland, which is the main site of absorption. Its activity is supplemented by amoebocytes entering the lumen of the style sac and intestine. Two types of cell occur in the gland, one type producing digestive enzymes and absorbing soluble products of digestion, the other type being excretory in function. There is no sign of phagocytosis in either. The excretory activity of the kidney is further supplemented by an anal gland.