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Oil droplets suspended in the seawater will seriously affect the transmission characteristics of electromagnetic wave from ultraviolet and visible light to infrared. The scattering phase function can show the laser transmission characteristics in seawater polluted by oil. Water with oil emulsion has a phase function significantly different from that of natural ocean water. The accurate calculation of phase function can lay the foundation for laser propagation in the oil spill seawater, and is of great significance for protection of marine environment. This paper presents the modeling of phase function of seawater polluted by dispersed oil based on Mie scattering theory. Numerical calculation of scattering phase function of dispersed oil droplets in various times and at different wavelengths is conducted, and the numerical results of Henyey-Greenstein phase function and the modified Henyey-Greenstein phase function is given. The results show that the shapes of Mie scattering phase function of water with oil emulsion depend on wavelength and the oil emulsion ageing. The forward scattering attenuates with the time of oil emulsion ageing and the increase of incident wavelength, and the scattering gradually becomes homogeneously. Compared with Henyey-Greenstein the modified Henyey-Greenstein phase function can describe the scattering property of oil emulsion in the seawater better. But the fitting effects of both Henyey-Greenstein phase function and the modified Henyey-Greenstein phase function are undesirable for long time oil droplets, long wavelength and strong absorption ultraviolet light.

A portable laser induced fluorescence (LIF) lidar system (total weight about 5 kg) was developed for real-time remote sensing oil in aquatic environment. LIF lidar consists of 405nm semiconductor laser, receiving telescope, double Amici prism spectrometer and ICCD detecting system, which can detect fluorescence signal in the spectral range of 400-750 nm. In the laboratory, the fluorescence spectra of water samples with different oil concentration were investigated. The contents of oil were calculated using the ratio between fluorescence and intensity. The LIF lidar system has the advantages of compact configuration and low cost, which is promising for monitoring water quality rapidly. The portable system can be installed on small aircrafts, unmanned aerial vehicles, ships, and shore platform for remote monitoring aquatic environments.

Purpose The combination of warfarin and compound Danshen dripping pill (CDDP) is helpful for patients with both coronary heart disease (CHD) and atrial fibrillation (AF). The main adverse drug reaction of warfarin is bleeding because of its narrow therapeutic index. The safety of a combination therapy with warfarin and CDDP is always a concern. Our previous research showed that the combination of warfarin and CDDP improved the quality of life for patients with both CHD and AF. This study describes the changes in dose and concentration of warfarin necessary and evaluates bleeding risk when warfarin is given concomitantly with CDDP. Methods An ultra-performance liquid chromatography–MS/MS method with a chiral column was developed to assay the concentration of S-warfarin and R-warfarin in human plasma simultaneously. The method was applied to compare the concentration of warfarin in patients taking warfarin combined with CDDP and without CDDP. International normalized ratio (INR) values were monitored to evaluate bleeding risk. Paired t tests were then used to compare the dose and the concentration in 2 periods. Moreover, patients with VKORC1, CYP2C9*3, CYP4F2, EPHX1, and PROC gene polymorphisms were evaluated to determine interactions. Findings The results indicate that the dose of warfarin had no significant change with or without CDDP. Also, the peak concentrations of S-warfarin and total warfarin were significantly different in CYP4F2 C/C patients, but there was no significant difference identified in other genetic groups. No bleeding occurred in the study. Implications The dose of warfarin would be sustainable when combined with CDDP, because CDDP did not affect concentration of warfarin significantly in most patients and the change of INR was not significant. China Clinical Trial Registry identifier ChiCTR-ONRC-13003523.

Warfarin is used as anticoagulant and Compound Danshen prescription (CDP) is able to promote blood circulation. The combination might produce a synergic effect for patients of coronary heart diseases (CHDs) with atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether the combination increases the bleeding risk of warfarin is unclear, so the effects of Compound Danshen dripping pill (CDDP) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) profiles of warfarin was investigated in patients. The dose and blood concentrations of warfarin, the four indicators of blood coagulation, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplatin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, and international normalized ratio value were compared when with and without CDDP treatment. The population PK (PPK) and PPK-PD models were established to assess patient demographics, genetic polymorphisms and CDDP as covariates. And the Seattle Angina Questionnaire was used to evaluate clinical efficacy, and the bleeding risk of combination was analyzed. The results indicated that CDDP had little influence on PK and PD profiles of warfarin in most patients and the combination of CCDP and warfarin would be a promising alternative regime for CHD with AF patients. The study was registered on China Clinical Trial Registry with number ChiCTR-ONRC-13003523.

AEML is the aqueous extract from Mulberry leaf which can inhibit the active of α- Glycosidase. This study is to investigate the effect of AEML on the Glycaemic Index (GI) of common carbohydrates in Chinese healthy subjects. A seven-period, self-crossover, open-label clinical trial was performed to