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Today, modern metalworking centers are not yet able to reliably assess the degree of wear of the tool used in metal cutting. Despite the fact that a large number of methods for monitoring the service life of the tool have been developed, this issue still remains a difficult task that needs to be solved. Idea: The article proposes a new, previously unused method for estimating the power of a cutting wedge in metalworking. The aim of the study is to develop a method for indirectly estimating the tool wear rate based on a consistent model of intersystem communication that describes the force, thermal and vibration reactions of the cutting process to the shaping movements of the tool. Research methods: The study consists of experiments on a measuring stand and a homemade measuring complex. It also uses the Matlab mathematical software package for processing and graphical interpretation of data obtained during experiments. The results show that the proposed method of estimating the current tool wear is applicable for the interpretation of experimental data. Statistically, the modified Voltaire operator of the second kind models the temperature more accurately; at the peak, this method is three times more accurate than the other.

This study included 500 patients who had undergone extensive liver resection and transplantation of whom 250 were treated with the use of remedial gymnastics, physiotherapeutic factors, and massage. The positive dynamics of objective characteristics of the patients' condition. None of the treated patients showed a negative response to the proposed program of medical rehabilitation and activation throughout the early postoperative period.

The authors studied the time course of clinical and neuropsychological changes in the use of transcranial mesodiencephalic modulation in the complex treatment of patients with acute poisoning by neurotropic toxicants, which were complicated by toxicohypoxic encephalopathy. The findings suggest the beneficial impact of this technique on the autonomic functions of the brain stem, on the body's adaptive capacities and the psychoemotional sphere, which makes it possible to recommend the programmed use of this method in such patients.

67 patients with inhalation trauma of 90 patients with acute thermal trauma and 23 healthy controls participated in the trial. External respiration function was assessed on the spirograph SPIROSIFT-3000 (Fukuda Densy, Japan). The injured patients have undergone chest vibromassage (n = 23), vibromassage of Zakhariin-Head zones (trachea-bronchi-lungs) (n = 22), manual chest massage (n = 22). Improvement of clinical and external respiration parameters was more significant in patients exposed to vibromassage of the trachea-bronchi-lungs zones.

Patients with extensive bite wounds given conventional treatment and exposed to millimetric electromagnetic waves (MEW) were compared by therapeutic benefit. MEW treatment early after the trauma enhances regeneration in the lesion thus raising therapeutic efficiency of the treatment because the exposure to MEW in hydration phase provides a fast relief of soft tissue edema, lessens intoxication, stimulates adaptation.

The trial of combined and sequential use of interference currents and exercise therapy in patients with endoprosthesis of knee joint ligaments has shown effectiveness of such treatment as it early after operation relieves pain, edema of soft tissues, improves proprioception, bioelectric activity of the neuromuscular system. This raises intensity of special methods of rehabilitation.

The results of exercise therapy were compared in patients with diaphysial leg fractures operated by standard technique and those operated by the technique of closed blocking intramedullary osteosynthesis (CBIO). After CBIO rehabilitation was more successful and required less time. This arises from the fact that in blocking osteosynthesis soft tissues of the damaged segment are not cut while intraosseous blocking screws exclude shortening of the leg and rotation instability of the fragments. That's why it is not necessary to fix the leg with a circular gypsum bandage which allows early intensification of exercise load.

Extracorporeal exposure to LG-79 He-Ne laser of 12 mWt power was used in 57 patients hospitalized at the intoxication reanimation department with acute poisonings with psychotropic drugs. The clinical result was a decrease of the incidence of pneumonia in the patients with x-ray signs of venous congestion from 52% among those administered to physiochemotherapy to 24% after this treatment modality. Laser hemotherapy brought about a temporary normalization of the erythrocyte membrane permeability, which was changed biophysically by means of a diffractometer. Red cell aggregation was approximating the norm, decreasing by 20%, and platelet aggregation decreased by 17%. Analysis of the results brought as to a conclusion that He-Ne laser exposure is an effective source of singlet stimulation of molecular O2 evenly dissolved in the blood, which causes resonance oscillations of water difields. This leads to membrane depolarization, which is probably responsible for purification of polarized membranes from toxic agents fixed by them.

The treatment of neurocirculatory asthenia and essential hypertension stage I and II with low-frequency bioresonance intracranial electrostimulation (BIES) performed on portable two-channel unit SEM-02 led to uneventful sthenic condition, relief of headache, improved sleep and performance, exercise tolerance. The quality of the bioenergetic field advanced in all the patients. Low-energy BIES may be used in many diseases, provides fast therapeutic effect in minimal intake of drugs, is nontoxic and hypoallergic. The unit SEM-02 proved 2.6 and 1.41 times more effective than similar domestic and foreign equipment, respectively.

The authors review primary mechanisms of action of low-intensity laser radiation used in physiotherapy. The hypothesis suggested by the authors allows one to compare efficacy of bioenergetic action of electromagnetic radiation varying in ranges, of therapeutic lasers, in particular. However, animal experiments have shown greater than bioenergetic action efficacy of the mechanism used by the nervous system in response to laser radiation.

Interference currents used in early treatment of patients with crural fractures accelarated recovery of the limb functions as a result of stimulation of involuntary muscular activity, reduced tissue adema and increased mobility of the ankle joint.

60 patients surgically treated for acute pancreatitis received postoperative physiotherapy which combined transcutaneous electroneurostimulation with exposure to low-energy laser. The results support the effectiveness of combined physiotherapeutic methods of general and reflex action in severe forms of acute pancreatitis because such physiotherapy early after severe forms of acute pancreatitis because such physiotherapy early after severe pancreatitis surgery promotes the decline of pathological symptoms.

The authors generalized the experience of interference current apparatus application for the treatment of acute disease and trauma in the N.V. Sklifosovsky Scientific and Research Institute for Emergency Medicine (Moscow). A kind of recorder for reading the interfinger electric resistance of patient skin was offered as a biologic feedback to this apparatus aimed at individualized treatment. The values of the "resonance" frequencies shown by the recorder of the biological feedback to the interference current apparatus allow to determine the duration of the refractivity of excitable membranes in patients in the process of the complex treatment.

To diminish the frequency of postoperative pulmonary complications following gastric resection and stay in hospital, a complex of preventive and therapeutic measures has been designed and tested in 165 patients. The complex involves early exercise, aerosol therapy, vibratory massage, heparin electrophoresis of the chest. Clinicophysiological data on respiratory function, pulmonary circulation, hemocoagulation support the effectiveness of the rehabilitation in patients after gastric resection.

An effectiveness of treatment and prevention of ischemic heart disease (IHD) using laser rays and transcutaneous electroneurostimulation (TENS) in 144 patients who underwent myocardial infarction and in whose clinical characteristics of a disease there prevailed chronic painful syndrome, was studied. An analgesic effect of TENS was achieved by an application of TENS to cardiac area and Zakharin-Head's zones. Low-intensity laser rays were applied for both irradiating projections of the heart and the large vessels and irradiating the biologically active points using unique procedure. All patients had a positive clinical effect resulted from applying laser and TENS which appeared as a decreased number of stenocardia attacks, an increased tolerance to exercise and as positive ECG dynamics. Duration of remission in the main group of patients exceeded the remission length in the control group in 2.7 times which is indicative of the effectiveness of using laser therapy and TENS as a tool of urgent medical aid under stresses induced by the development of life-threatening states. Small-size laser and TENS apparatuses are proposed for use as an onboard medical equipment.

The follow-up of 70 patients with trauma-related locomotor disorders proved that breathing exercises, vibratory massage, chest heparin electrophoresis, drug inhalations early after the injury can be effective in prevention and treatment of pulmonary complications. Transcutaneous neuroelectrostimulation noticeably enhanced the recovery of the locomotor function.

High resolution measurements of helium-neon laser spectra have been conducted about 0.64 mm wavelength. The singlet oxygen photo-generation was demonstrated to be responsible for the bioeffects of this spectral interval. Helium-neon radiation with 0.633 mm wavelength was used for medical rehabilitation of 15 patients with muscular atrophy as a result of wearing immobilizing plaster arm-bends on lower extremity fractures. 50-day hypokinesia of a damaged extremity induced differences in functional indices between damaged and healthy extremities in the same patient. This difference was diminishing more rapidly after laser therapy than in the control group though all patients had adequate rehabilitative treatment. Due to the likelihood of hypokinesia- and weightlessness-induced atrophies, helium-neon laser may be recommended for atrophy prophylaxis and treatment in both cases.

Using the RIA method, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyroxine (T3), and cortisol (C) were measured in 10 patients with acute ethmoiditis, aged from 13 days to 6 months. At the peak of the disease, i. e. when infection toxicosis was very manifest, T3 was significantly lower and T4 tended to decrease. During the convalescence period T3 increased distinctly and T4 continued to decline. It can be concluded that the thyroid function was inhibited during the toxic period; however, this inhibition was transient and required no intervention. Nevertheless, in the case of complications, especially sepsis, transient hypothyrosis may develop which requires substitution therapy. Variations in cortisol serum concentrations were insignificant.

The evidence obtained by the authors supports literature data on a beneficial effect of muscular exercise on carbohydrate metabolism in diabetics. It is thought necessary to control sharp fluctuations of glycemia. Provided these are mild and associated with lowered insulinemia, patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus could be recommended to continue training.

The principle 'rehabilitation starts in a resuscitation ward' has been realized in the resuscitation treatment of 34 patients with the prolonged crush syndrome (PCS) who were injured during the earthquake in Armenia. Laser therapy has been fairly effective, normalizing the external respiration function and central hemodynamics and reducing the blood coagulability. Instrumental vibration massage and acupuncture are recommended to be added to rehabilitation treatment of PCS patients.

A stepwise system of functional management basing on stage-by-stage development of the traumatic disease is suggested. Therapeutic measures under the principle of preventive rehabilitation are to be taken as early as possible. Functional therapy follows the pattern of 4 pathogenetically validated stages. Neuromotor stimulation involving ideomotor exercise, isometric muscular load, orthostatic factor and transcutaneous neuroelectrostimulation present an additional reserve in improving the response to functional therapy of patients with locomotor trauma.

A complex examination of 320 patients with breast tumors of varying degree of advancement was carried out. Also, the data on examination of 20 cases of fibrous-cystic mastopathy and 40 healthy females were analysed. Similar studies were conducted in 20 cases of acute and chronic osteomyelitis, 14--tuberculosis of bones and joints, 63--rheumatoid arthritis and 36--Bekhterev's disease. Pyrphotech, Tc99m; pyrophosphate, Tc99m and diphosphonate Tc99m were used in carrying out scintigraphic examination. Parathyrin, prolactin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein and ferritin were assayed in patients' blood serum. Tumor dissemination to bones was matched by a significant rise in CEA and prolactin levels. However, these parameters were normal in patients with non-tumor skeletal pathology. No significant rise in ferritin and alpha-fetoprotein were recorded in all patients. The specificity of the said complex examination, including osteoscintigraphy and blood plasma parathyrin assays in breast cancer patients, was 79%.