1. Childhood pneumonia and meningitis in the Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea in the era of conjugate vaccines: study methods and challenges
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Ilomo Hwaihwanje, Lapule Yuasi, Andrew R. Greenhill, Amanda Lang, Tonny Kumani, Deborah Lehmann, Rebecca Ford, William Pomat, Christopher C Blyth, Joycelyn Sapura, John Kave, and Geraldine Masiria
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030106 microbiology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Haemophilus influenzae ,Papua New Guinea ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,medicine ,Meningitis ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,business.industry ,Research ,Vaccination ,New guinea ,Pneumonia ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Etiology ,business - Abstract
Background Pneumonia and meningitis are common causes of severe childhood illness in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The etiology of both clinical conditions in PNG has not been recently assessed. Changes in lifestyle, provision and access to healthcare, antimicrobial utilization and resistance, and the national childhood vaccination schedule necessitate reassessment. Methods A prospective case-control study was undertaken, enrolling children 3 months increased from 14.9 to 43.0% and 29.0 to 47.7% in cases and controls (both p 3 months was only 4.0 and 6.5%. Conclusions Recruitment of large numbers of pediatric pneumonia and meningitis cases and community controls in a third-world setting presents unique challenges. Successful enrolment of 998 cases and 978 controls with comprehensive clinical data, biological specimens and follow up was achieved. Increased vaccine coverage remains an ongoing health priority. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41479-017-0029-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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