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3. Introducing pour points: Characteristics and hydrological significance of a rainfall-concentrating mechanism in a water-limited woodland ecosystem

Author

Kunadi, Ashvath S., Lardner, Tim, Silberstein, Richard P., Leopold, Matthias, Callow, Nik, Veneklaas, Erik, Puri, Aryan, Sydney, Eleanor, Thompson, Sally E., Kunadi, Ashvath S., Lardner, Tim, Silberstein, Richard P., Leopold, Matthias, Callow, Nik, Veneklaas, Erik, Puri, Aryan, Sydney, Eleanor, and Thompson, Sally E.

Abstract

The interception of rainfall by plant canopies alters the depth and spatial distribution of water arriving at the soil surface, and thus the location, volume, and depth of infiltration. Mechanisms like stemflow are known to concentrate rainfall and route it deep into the soil, yet other mechanisms of flow concentration are poorly understood. This study characterizes pour points, formed by the detachment of water flowing under a branch, using a combination of field observations in Western Australian banksia woodlands and rainfall simulation experiments on Banksia menziesii branches. We aim to establish the hydrological significance of pour points in a water-limited woodland ecosystem, along with the features of the canopy structure and rainfall that influence pour point formation and fluxes. Pour points were common in the woodland and could be identified by visually inspecting trees. Throughfall depths at pour points were up to 15 times greater than rainfall and generally comparable to or greater than stemflow. Soil water content beneath pour points was greater than in adjacent controls, with 20%–30% of the seasonal rainfall volume infiltrated into the top 1 m of soil beneath pour points, compared to 5% in controls. Rainfall simulations showed that pour points amplified the spatial heterogeneity of throughfall, violating assumptions used to close the water balance. The simulation experiments demonstrated that pour point fluxes depend on the interaction of branch angle and foliation for a given branch architecture. Pour points can play a significant part in the water balance, depending on their density and rainfall concentration ability.

Published
2024

6. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author

Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, Zalamea, Paul-Camilo, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Conservation Ecology Group, Animal Ecology, Systems Ecology, and Terrestrial Ecology (TE)

Subjects
Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, Temperature, Isoptera, Forests, Wood, Global Warming, Carbon Cycle, Tròpics--Clima, Explotació forestal, Cicle del carboni, Animals, Wood/microbiology, General
Abstract

Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)—even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth’s surface. This study received support from the following sources: US National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB-1655759 (A.E.Z.); US NSF DEB-2149151 (A.E.Z.); US NSF DEB-1713502 (M.A.); US NSF DEB-1713435 (M.A.); US NSF DEB-1647502 (N.A.B.); US NSF DEB-1546686 (G.G.); US NSF DEB-1831952 (G.G.); George Washington University (A.E.Z.); USDA Forest Service (G.G.); Centre College Faculty Development Funds (M.L.G.); Australia Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (P.R.G., M.K., M.L., M.M.B., R.P.S., J.S., L.B.H., M.N., S.M.P., T.J.W., and S.K.A.); Royal Society-FCDO Africa Capacity Building Initiative (C.L.P., G.W.Q., S.A.-B., K.B., F.E.O., and M.P.R.); New Phytologist Foundation (A.T.A.); Fondecyt grant 1160329 (C.D.); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES) (E.v.d.B., A.S.Mou., R.F.M., F.F.S., T.M.C.-S., R.S.O., and A.M.D.); Department of Ecology and Conservation of the Federal University of Lavras (T.M.C.-S.); CNPq (E.v.d.B. and R.S.O.); FAPEMIG (E.v.d.B.); Australian Academy of Science 2017 Thomas Davies Research Grant (J.R.P.); Australian Research Council DP160103765 (W.K.C., J.R.P., and A.E.Z.); UK National Environment Research Council NE/L000016/1 (L.A.A.); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil NERC - FAPESP 19/07773-1 (R.S.O. and A.M.D.); Environment Research and Technology Development Fund ERTDF, JPMEERF15S11420 of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan (A.S.Mor. and K.O.); COLCIENCIAS no. FP44842-046-2017 (J.M.P.); Spanish government PID2019-110521GB-I00 (J.Pe., G.P., and R.O.); Catalan government grant SGR 2017-1005 (J.Pe., G.P., and R.O.); Fundación Ramón Areces ELEMENTAL-CLIMATE (J.Pe., G.P., and R.O.); National Agency for the Promotion of Research, Technological Development and Innovation, Scientific and Technological Research Project 2018-01561 PICT 2018-01561 (F.P.T.); ANID PIA/BASAL FB210006 (A.Fa.); Millennium Science Initiative Program NCN2021-050 (A.Fa.); iDiv German Research Foundation DFG–FZT 118, 202548816 (N.E.); and European Research Council Horizon 2020 research and innovation program no. 677232 (N.E.).

Published
2022

7. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author

Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, Zalamea, Paul-Camilo, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, and Zalamea, Paul-Camilo

Published
2022

8. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author

Zanne, Amy E., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R., Cornwell, William K., Dalling, James W., Austin, Amy T., Classen, Aimée T., Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei Ichi, Parr, Catherine L., Carol Adair, E., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K., Ashton, Louise A., Barber, Nicholas A., Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P., Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M., Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J., Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A., Cheesman, Alexander W., Cirne-Silva, Tainá M., Cleverly, Jamie R., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., Curran, Timothy J., D’Angioli, André M., Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ondo, Fidele Evouna, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D., Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A.L., Galatowitsch, Mark L., González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R., Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M., Lara, Mariana Guerra, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M., Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B., Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A., Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F., Soledad Méndez, M., Meyer, Wayne S., Mori, Akira S., Moura, Aloysio S., Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I., Posada, Juan M., Prada, Cecilia M., Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M., Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W., de Dios, Víctor Resco, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P., Rocha, Lucas F., Rúa, Megan A., Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P., Silva, Mateus C., Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K., Teste, François P., Tng, David Y.P., Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S.P., Ciska Veen, G. F., Vogel, Jason G., Wardlaw, Timothy J., Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J., Zalamea, Paul Camilo, Zanne, Amy E., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R., Cornwell, William K., Dalling, James W., Austin, Amy T., Classen, Aimée T., Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei Ichi, Parr, Catherine L., Carol Adair, E., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K., Ashton, Louise A., Barber, Nicholas A., Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P., Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M., Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J., Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A., Cheesman, Alexander W., Cirne-Silva, Tainá M., Cleverly, Jamie R., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., Curran, Timothy J., D’Angioli, André M., Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ondo, Fidele Evouna, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D., Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A.L., Galatowitsch, Mark L., González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R., Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M., Lara, Mariana Guerra, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M., Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B., Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A., Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F., Soledad Méndez, M., Meyer, Wayne S., Mori, Akira S., Moura, Aloysio S., Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I., Posada, Juan M., Prada, Cecilia M., Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M., Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W., de Dios, Víctor Resco, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P., Rocha, Lucas F., Rúa, Megan A., Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P., Silva, Mateus C., Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K., Teste, François P., Tng, David Y.P., Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S.P., Ciska Veen, G. F., Vogel, Jason G., Wardlaw, Timothy J., Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J., and Zalamea, Paul Camilo

Abstract

Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)—even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth’s surface.

Published
2022
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9. Temperature sensitivity of termites determines global wood decay rates

Author

Zanne, Amy, primary, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, additional, Powell, Jeff, additional, Cornwell, William, additional, Dalling, James, additional, Austin, Amy, additional, Classen, Aimee, additional, Eggleton, Paul, additional, Okada, Kei-ichi, additional, Parr, Catherine, additional, Adair, E., additional, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, additional, Alam, Md Azharul, additional, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, additional, Apgaua, Deborah, additional, Aragon, Roxana, additional, Ardón, Marcelo, additional, Arndt, Stefan, additional, Ashton, Louise, additional, Barber, Nicholas, additional, Beauchêne, Jacques, additional, Berg, Matty, additional, Beringer, Jason, additional, Boer, Matthias, additional, Bonet, José, additional, Bunney, Katherine, additional, Burkhardt, Tynan, additional, Carvalho, Dulcineia, additional, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, additional, Cernusak, Lucas, additional, Cheesman, Alexander, additional, Cirne-Silva, Taina, additional, Cleverly, Jamie, additional, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., additional, Curran, Timothy, additional, D'Angioli, André, additional, Dallstream, Caroline, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, additional, Fajardo, Alex, additional, Fernandez, Romina, additional, Ferrer, Astrid, additional, Fontes, Marco, additional, Galatowitsch, Mark, additional, González, Grizelle, additional, Gottschall, Felix, additional, Grace, Peter, additional, Granda, Elena, additional, Griffiths, Hannah, additional, Lara, Mariana Guerra, additional, Hasegawa, Motohiro, additional, Hefting, Mariet, additional, Hinko-Najera, Nina, additional, Hutley, Lindsay, additional, Jones, Jennifer, additional, Kahl, Anja, additional, Karan, Mirko, additional, Keuskamp, Joost, additional, Lardner, Tim, additional, Liddell, Michael, additional, Macfarlane, Craig, additional, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, additional, Mariano, Ravi, additional, Meyer, Wayne, additional, Mori, Akira, additional, Moura, Aloysio, additional, Northwood, Matthew, additional, Ogaya, Romà, additional, Oliveira, Rafael, additional, Orgiazzi, Alberto, additional, Pardo, Juliana, additional, Peguero, Guille, additional, Penuelas, Josep, additional, Perez, Luis, additional, Posada, Juan, additional, Prada, Cecilia, additional, Přívětivý, Tomáš, additional, Prober, Suzanne, additional, Prunier, Jonathan, additional, Quansah, Gabriel, additional, de Dios, Víctor Resco, additional, Richter, Ronny, additional, Robertson, Mark, additional, Rocha, Lucas, additional, Rúa, Megan, additional, Sarmiento, Carolina, additional, Silberstein, Richard, additional, Silva, Mateus, additional, Siqueira, Flávia, additional, Stillwagon, Matthew, additional, Stol, Jacqui, additional, Taylor, Melanie, additional, Teste, Francois, additional, Tng, David, additional, Tucker, David, additional, Türke, Manfred, additional, Ulyshen, Michael, additional, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar, additional, Berg, Eduardo van den, additional, Logtestijn, Richard van, additional, Veen, Ciska, additional, Vogel, Jason, additional, Wardlaw, Timothy, additional, Wiehl, Georg, additional, Wirth, Christian, additional, Woods, Michaela, additional, Zalamea, Paul-Camilo, additional, and Méndez, Marcela, additional

Published
2022
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10. Natural attenuation of legacy hydrocarbon spills in pristine soils is feasible despite difficult environmental conditions in the monsoon tropics

Author

Gleeson, Deirdre B., primary, Martin, Belinda C., additional, Lardner, Tim, additional, Ball, Andrew S., additional, Grice, Kliti, additional, Holman, Alex I., additional, Trolove, Alastair, additional, Manix, Megan, additional, Tibbett, Mark, additional, Bending, Gary D., additional, Hilton, Sally, additional, and Ryan, Megan H., additional

Published
2021
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11. Evidence for Niche Differentiation in the Environmental Responses of Co-occurring Mucoromycotinian Fine Root Endophytes and Glomeromycotinian Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Author

Albornoz, Felipe E., primary, Orchard, Suzanne, additional, Standish, Rachel J., additional, Dickie, Ian A., additional, Bending, Gary D., additional, Hilton, Sally, additional, Lardner, Tim, additional, Foster, Kevin J., additional, Gleeson, Deirdre B., additional, Bougoure, Jeremy, additional, Barbetti, Martin J., additional, You, Ming Pei, additional, and Ryan, Megan H., additional

Published
2020
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14. Inspection Design Using 2D Phased Array, TFM and cueMAP Software.

Author

McGilp, Ailidh, Dziewierz, Jerzy, Lardner, Tim, Mackersie, John, and Gachagan, Anthony

Subjects
OPTICAL phased arrays, COMPUTER assisted instruction, IMAGE quality in imaging systems, ULTRASONIC imaging, COMPUTER software, GRAPHICS processing units
Abstract

A simulation suite, cueMAP, has been developed to facilitate the design of inspection processes and sparse 2D array configurations. At the core of cueMAP is a Total Focusing Method (TFM) imaging algorithm that enables computer assisted design of ultrasonic inspection scenarios, including the design of bespoke array configurations to match the inspection criteria. This in-house developed TFM code allows for interactive evaluation of image quality indicators of ultrasonic imaging performance when utilizing a 2D phased array working in FMC/TFM mode. The cueMAP software uses a series of TFM images to build a map of resolution, contrast and sensitivity of imaging performance of a simulated reflector, swept across the inspection volume. The software takes into account probe properties, wedge or water standoff, and effects of specimen curvature. In the validation process of this new software package, two 2D arrays have been evaluated on 304n stainless steel samples, typical of the primary circuit in nuclear plants. Thick section samples have been inspected using a 1MHz 2D matrix array. Due to the processing efficiency of the software, the data collected from these array configurations has been used to investigate the influence sub-aperture operation on inspection performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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16. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates.

Author

Zanne AE, Flores-Moreno H, Powell JR, Cornwell WK, Dalling JW, Austin AT, Classen AT, Eggleton P, Okada KI, Parr CL, Adair EC, Adu-Bredu S, Alam MA, Alvarez-Garzón C, Apgaua D, Aragón R, Ardon M, Arndt SK, Ashton LA, Barber NA, Beauchêne J, Berg MP, Beringer J, Boer MM, Bonet JA, Bunney K, Burkhardt TJ, Carvalho D, Castillo-Figueroa D, Cernusak LA, Cheesman AW, Cirne-Silva TM, Cleverly JR, Cornelissen JHC, Curran TJ, D'Angioli AM, Dallstream C, Eisenhauer N, Evouna Ondo F, Fajardo A, Fernandez RD, Ferrer A, Fontes MAL, Galatowitsch ML, González G, Gottschall F, Grace PR, Granda E, Griffiths HM, Guerra Lara M, Hasegawa M, Hefting MM, Hinko-Najera N, Hutley LB, Jones J, Kahl A, Karan M, Keuskamp JA, Lardner T, Liddell M, Macfarlane C, Macinnis-Ng C, Mariano RF, Méndez MS, Meyer WS, Mori AS, Moura AS, Northwood M, Ogaya R, Oliveira RS, Orgiazzi A, Pardo J, Peguero G, Penuelas J, Perez LI, Posada JM, Prada CM, Přívětivý T, Prober SM, Prunier J, Quansah GW, Resco de Dios V, Richter R, Robertson MP, Rocha LF, Rúa MA, Sarmiento C, Silberstein RP, Silva MC, Siqueira FF, Stillwagon MG, Stol J, Taylor MK, Teste FP, Tng DYP, Tucker D, Türke M, Ulyshen MD, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, van den Berg E, van Logtestijn RSP, Veen GFC, Vogel JG, Wardlaw TJ, Wiehl G, Wirth C, Woods MJ, and Zalamea PC

Subjects
Animals, Carbon Cycle, Temperature, Tropical Climate, Forests, Global Warming, Isoptera, Wood microbiology
Abstract

Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)-even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth's surface.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

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