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Ebony (Diosphyros celebica Bakh) is endemic tropical tree to central and northern Sulawesi and is currently categorized as ???vulnerable??? species according to the IUCN. Availability of molecular marker capable of studying how far the pollens can be transferred to female recipient trees, which be able to provide important information for breeding program and preventing inbreeding depression at low population level of Ebony. In this present study, we investigated the pollen dispersal distances of 95 Ebony trees in Experimental Forest of Hasanuddin University, Maros, South Sulawesi using three polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker loci. All trees were firstly mapped with GPS coordinates, and then genotyped using three SSR marker loci: 1430DC588341, 8917DC591591 and mDp17EF567410. Parentage analysis was conducted using CERVUS version 2.0 software. Results of the analysis indicated the highest polymorphic allele was obtained from mDp 17EF 567410 locus, eight alleles. Three evaluated markers were effective for assigning candidate male parents to all evaluated seedlings. The donated pollens could come from male parents in any directions in a range of at least 0 (selfing) up to 127 m apart from the evaluated female recipients. According to progenies analysis, female parent of Ebony is a dominantly outcrossing pollination species. There is no specific direction of donated pollen movement from assigned donor parents to the female ones. Moreover, insect pollinators may have played an important role in Ebony pollination.

Jabon merah (Anthocepallus macrophillus) is a tropical timber tree which has high economical value. Molecular breeding strategies using microsatellite markers have never been initiated before. Breeding programs are needed to protect genetic diversity as well as genetic improvement. Molecular aspects are commonly related with protocol for DNA preparation and molecular markers which are important, thus it will speed up the breeding program and conservation. The findings of this study to find out SSR primers indicating high level of polymorphisms on Jabon Merah. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of ten SSR markers in differentiating twelve genotype of through SSR banding pattern of PCR and electrophoregram results. Based on electrophoregram visuals, four primers could amplify most of the genotype used in this study. This preliminary study could provide important information for breeding program in endemic trees.

Jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus Roxb) is an endemic tree to Sulawesi having high economic value. It has rarely been investigated, either in genetic population or genetic consevation aspects. The information regarding genetic diversity is very important in order to gain more understanding for breeding and conservation strategies. Genetic diversity is used as material selection of expected genotype. The study was aimed to determine genetic diversity of Jabon merah from Sulawesi provenances that will be used in further development of this species. Leaf samples were collected from 108 families of Jabon merah belong to Sulawesi provenances. Four out of ten microsatellite markers that had high polymorphism were used for amplifying the 108 DNA samples. Results showed alleles number and mean of allele were 3 to 4 alleles and 3,5, respectively. Moreover, PIC mean of the evaluated loci was 3,7. The analysis of genetic relationship showed that the 108 families had moderate level of genetic diversity. The four loci used in this research are informative, thus they may be used for analyzing genetic diversity of other jabon merah provenances.

Kayu eboni merupakan kayu yang bernilai ekonomi dan semakin langka pada habitat alaminya. Selain terancam punah, eboni telah mengalami Inbreeding Depression (ID) atau penurunan nilai karakter dengan adanya penyerbukan sendiri mengakibatkan penggabungan gen yang sama sehingga genotipe yang dihasilkan semakin homozigot. ID dapat mengakibatkan tampilan kayu dan kekuatannya menurun jika sumbangan genetik dari kedua tetuanya kurang baik.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dan menganalisis proporsi penyerbukan silang dan penyerbukan sendiri yang terjadi pada tegakan eboni di Hutan Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin, Maros.Pelaksanaan penelitian pada bulan Oktober hingga November 2015.Pengambilan sampel di lapangan sebanyak 95 pohon dan dipilih kandidat induk betina sebanyak 3 pohon.Tetua jantan adalah pohon yang berada di sekitar pohon induk betina.Isolasi DNA menggunakan bahan yang berasal dari daun eboni progeni dan tetua.Penanda molekuler yang digunakan adalah Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) dengan analisis menggunakan analysis parentagesoftware CERVUS 2.0.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jika alel polimorfik dengan nilai PIC tertinggi terdapat pada lokus 8917 (DC591591).Provenansi Hutan Pendidikan UNHAS dominan menyerbuk silang dengan persentase terjadinya penyerbukan silang sebanyak 80% sedangkan persentase penyerbukan sendiri sebanyak 20%.

Eboni (Diospyroscelebica Bakh) merupakan pohon endemik Sulawesi yang memiliki tampilan indah serta memiliki nilai artistik. Kebutuhan kayu eboni yang tidak diimbangi dengan peningkatan budidaya menyebabkan populasi eboni mengalami penurunan sehingga terjadi kawin kerabat. Jika hal ini berlanjut maka dapat menyebabkan penurunan keragaman genetik sehingga diperlukan studi mengenai penyebaran serbuk sari Eboni.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui frekuensi penyebaran serbuk sari dari pohon donor dalam proses penyerbukan eboni. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober hingga November 2015 di Laboratorium Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Pohon Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Hasanuddin.Sampel yang digunakan berupa daun pohon Eboni sebanyak 58 sampel dari Hutan Lindung Amaro provenansi Lasitae, Kabupaten Barru.Sebanyak empat primer mikrosatelit digunakan untuk menganalisis frekuensi penyebaran serbuk sari pohon donor.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lokus 1430 (DC588341) adalah primer yang menghasilkan jumlah alel dan nilai PIC paling tinggi. Frekuensi penyebaran serbuk sari dari pohon donor Eboni berkisar dua hingga lima kali pada pohon resipien.

Eksploitasi Eboni (Diospyroscelebica Bakh.) yang merupakan tumbuhan endemik pada hutan alam di pulau Sulawesi menyebabkan populasi kayu eboni masuk dalam kategori langka. Populasi eboni yang rendah dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kawin sekerabat sehingga menurunkan keragaman genetiknya sehingga diperlukan studi mengenai penyebaran serbuk sari Eboni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuijarak penyebaran serbuk sari pada tegakan eboni. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2015 di Laboratorium Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Pohon, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Hasanuddin.Sampel yang digunakan berupa daun Pohon Eboni sebanyak 58 sampel dari Hutan Lindung Amaro provenansi Lasitae, Kabupaten Barru.Empat primer mikrosatelit digunakan untuk menganalisis jarak penyebaran serbuk sari pohon donor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah alel dan Nilai PIC tertinggi di hasilkan dari satu primer yang sama yaitu primer 1430 (DC588341). Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Map Source, jarak penyebaran serbuk sari pohon donor (induk jantan) ke pohon resipien (induk betina) berkisar antara 0 m (penyerbukan selfing) hingga 268 m.

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze genetic diversity onKayu Kuku (Pericopsis mooniana THW). The findings of this study provides important information for genetic diversity of this highly valuable but rare species of trees. The research was done from August to September 2015 in the Tree Biotechnology and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University. DNA from ten genotype P.moonianawas used to amplify with 9 highly polymorphic primers. Genetic diversity analysis was done using Darwin 6.00 software with PCoA andUnweighted Pair Group Method with Aritmatic (UPGMA) method.Results of the investigations indicated the presence of at least 10 alleles in the ten Kayu kuku???s evaluated. Mean number of alleles per locus was 7.1. Results of genetic dissimilarity coefficient calculation and dendogram construction using DARwin 6.00 indicated that the Kayu kuku???s were clustered into three groups. This study genetically characterized the Kayu Kuku species,which might have a significant contribution to the genetic and ecological conservation of this important rare species of trees. Also, this study indicates that the improved RAPD analyses is potential molecular tools for the study of genetic diversity.

The recent endangered status of several species of Kayu Kuku (Pericoopsismooniana THW)in natural forest has received worldwide attention. Especially, Kayu Kuku is now categorized as ???vulnerable??? species according to the IUCN red List of Threatened Species 2015. This problem is mainly caused by the loss of germplasm. Although breeding effort has been initiated since several years ago, no significant result has been achieved until now. This is due to inadequacy of molecular investigations in this species. Molecular aspects are commonly related with protocol for DNA preparation and molecular markers which are important so that it will speed up the breeding program. The research was done from Juny to July 2015 in the Tree Biotechnology and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University. The findings of this study to find out RAPD primers indicating high level of polymorphisms on Kayu Kuku. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of twenty RAPD markers in differentiating twelve genotype of through RAPD banding pattern of PCR and electrophoregram results. Based on electrophoregram visual, seventeen primers can amplify most of the genotype used in this study. This preliminary study can provides important information for breeding of this highly valuable but rare species of trees. In future studies of Kayu Kuku, weanticipate increasing the number of RAPD charactersand the number of species to provide a greaterunderstanding of the genetic resources of the genusPericoopsis.

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze genetic diversity on Kayu Kuku (Pericopsis mooniana THW). The findings of this study provides important information for genetic diversity of this highly valuable but rare species of trees. The research was done from August to September 2015 in the Tree Biotechnology and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University. DNA from ten genotype P.mooniana was used to amplify with 9 highly polymorphic primers. Genetic diversity analysis was done using Darwin 6.00 software with PCoA and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Aritmatic (UPGMA) method. Results of the investigations indicated the presence of at least 10 alleles in the ten Kayu kuku???s evaluated. Mean number of alleles per locus was 7.1. Results of genetic dissimilarity coefficient calculation and dendogram construction using DARwin 6.00 indicated that the Kayu kuku???s were clustered into three groups. This study genetically characterized the Kayu Kuku species, which might have a significant contribution to the genetic and ecological conservation of this important rare species of trees. Also, this study indicates that the improved RAPD analyses is potential molecular tools for the study of genetic diversity.

Xenia is a phenomenon usually associated with phenotype characters controlled by a single recessive gene. The genotype of pollen donor directly determines the phenotype of fruits or seeds harvested from female recipients. Kopyor coconut is a unique coconut mutant and its formation is an example of xenia, since the genotype of the pollen donor determines the phenotype of the harvested nuts. The objectives of this research were to evaluate xenia in two types of kopyor coconuts (i.e. Kalianda Kopyor Tall and Pati Kopyor Dwarf), determine effects of homozygous KK normal and heterozygous Kk Kopyor coconut ratio, and effects of homozygous KK normal coconuts removal from mix population on yield of Kopyor nuts. For Kalianda Tall Kopyor coconut, field observations were conducted at three kopyor coconut plantations in Kalianda district, Lampung Selatan, Lampung-Indonesia while observations of Pati Dwarf Kopyor were conducted at Tayu district, Pati, Central Java-Indonesia. In both regions, coconut provenances were mapped using GPS and sub-samples were taken based on determined criteria. For each sampled tree, observations were recorded for the following variables: nut yield and yield components. The quantitative data were subjected to t-test statistical analysis to evaluate the significant differences among the observed parameters. Results of this experiment showed the presence of more homozygous KK normal coconuts among provenances of Kalianda Tall heterozygous Kk Kopyor coconut resulted in lower harvested kopyor nuts than the expected value. Moreover, removal of homozygous KK normal coconuts from a mixed coconut population increased yield of kopyor nuts. Those results indicated xenia occurred in both Kalianda Tall and Pati Dwarf Kopyor coconuts and it negatively affected the kopyor nut yield.

Ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh) is an endemic tropical tree species to Sulawesi. According to the IUCN, Ebony is now categorized as ???vulnerable??? species. Conservation effort and breeding strategies should be carried out to prevent its extinction. The study of genetic diversity using SSR marker can asses polymorphism through banding patterns from amplified DNA. The genetic diversity of 164 individual Ebony trees from Education Forest Hasanuddin University, Maros provenance were analyzed using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. Investigations were undertaken to analyse genetic diversity of Ebony in Maros provenance at the adult and seedling stages. As many as 92 adults and 72 seedlings were evaluated for genetic diversity by three SSR markers. The analysis were performed using GeneAlex ver 6.5 and DARwin ver 6.0 softwares. The average number of alleles at adults and seedling stages were same, five alleles. Result of molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) indicated that the genetic diversity among adults and seedlings, and within adults and seedlings were 5% and 46%, respectively. The heterozygosity of seedling-stage was higher (0.3) than adult stage (0.2). Individuals in adults-stage were clustered within three cluster, whereas in seedling-level tended to cluster within one group. This knowledge of the genetic diversity is potentially useful to improve the current strategies in breeding and germplasm conservation to enhance the ornamental and economic value of ebony.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis mikoriza dan mengetahui tingkat kolonisasinya pada akar tanaman kemiri di kawasan Hutan Rakyat Kabupaten Maros. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan melalui 2 tahap. Tahap pertama adalah pengambilan sampel tanah dan akar tanaman kemiri pada hutan rakyat di Kabupaten Maros. Tahap kedua yaitu, isolasi, identifikasi, dan pengamatan kolonisasi CMA dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Pohon Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Prosedur penelitian terdiri dari eksplorasi, isolasi dan identifikasi serta pengamatan kolonisasi CMA pada akar tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis endomikoriza yang ditemukan pada sampel akar yaitu Glomus sp dan Acaulospora sp dengan persentase kolonisasi tergolong sedang sedangkan pada sampel tanah ditemukan jenis Gigaspora sp.

JabonMerah(Anthocephalusmacrophyllus (ROXB) Havil) is a fast-growing tropical tree species and has been well known for its multipurpose uses. Having various benefits, it becomes one of potential forest trees that has received considerable attention to widely cultivate in community forests upto industry forests. In vitro tissue culture technique is suitable to maximize potential genetic gain for increasing successful cultivation and breeding program in JabonMerah. In this study, the successful in vitro callus induction of JabonMerahprotocolfrom leaves explants was reported. Callus formation was induced from leaves in half-strength Murashige and Skoogmedium enrich 0.3 ??M 1-Naphtaleneacetic acid and 4.4 ??M N6- Benzylaminopurine. In the next stage, half-strength Murashige and Skoog media with different concentrations of 2,4 Diclorophenoxyacetic acid(4.5; 13.6; 22.6 or 31.7 ??M) were used for callus proliferation. After six weeks, all explants were ableto form callus with friable texture and varied in color.This protocol should be an useful tool for providing plant materialsto support JabonMerahbreeding and biotechnology programs.

The research held in Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratorium of Hasanuddin University Research Center on January-October 2009. This research aimed to know the effect of NAA, BAP and GA3 combination to potato growth in vitro. We hope that the result could be use as information to develop qualified potato seed production through in vitro. This research used Complete Randomized Design with NAA, BAP and GA3 combination treatment. The treatments were kontrol, NAA 0,01 mg L-1 + BAP 0,05 mg l-1 + GA3 0,1 mg l-1 , NAA 0,01 mg l-1 + BAP 0,05 mg l-1 + GA3 0,2 mg l-1 ), R3 (NAA 0,01 mg l-1 + BAP 0,1 mg l-1 + GA3 0,1 mg l-1 ), R4 (NAA 0,01 mg l-1 + BAP 0,1 mg l-1 + GA3 0,2 mg l-1 ), R5 (NAA 0,1 mg l-1 + BAP 0,05 mg l-1 + GA3 0,1 mg l-1 ), R6 (NAA 0,1 mg l-1 + BAP 0,05 mg l-1 + GA3 0,2 mg l-1 ), R7 (NAA 0,1 mg l-1 + BAP 0,1 mg l-1 + GA3 0,1 mg l-1 ), R8 (NAA 0,1 mg l-1 + BAP 0,1 mg l-1 + GA3 0,2 mg l-1 ). Each treatment consists of 2 experiment units. Each treatment has 3 replication so there were 54 experiment units. The result showed that NAA 0,1 mg l-1 + BAP 0,1 mg l-1 + GA3 0,1 mg l-1 combination gave the best potato growth in number of twigs, number of leaves and planlet height.