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Background: Headache is a very common complaint and it is increasingly prevalent among university students. Tinnitus consists of subjectively perceived sounds that occur in the absence of an external auditory signal. Presence of headache and tinnitus in association has implications for therapy and prognosis, because this describes the temporality of the symptoms. Recognition of the epidemiological profile of symptomatic students might contribute to interventions. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of the association between headache and tinnitus, and to describe the epidemiological profile of the study population and the chronological order of appearance of these symptoms. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational and analytical study on a sample representative of an academic center. Data referring to the epidemiological and clinical profile of headache and tinnitus among medical students were collected through an online questionnaire built using the Google Forms tool. Results: Out of the 234 participants, 26.1% reported having tinnitus and headache (p < 0.001). The participants with headache were more likely to be women (p = 0.045), white (p = 0.009) and 21-25 years old (p = 0.356). Among right-sided, left-sided and non-unilateral headaches, tinnitus was present predominantly in the non-unilateral type, but without statistical significance. Regarding timing, 18.0% of the students said that tinnitus started before headache, 57.4% said that headache started before tinnitus and 24.6% said that they started simultaneously. Conclusions: An important association between headache and tinnitus regarding lateralization and temporality was demonstrated. Thus, these data match the presumption that headache and tinnitus have a physiopathological connection. RESUMO Antecedentes: A cefaleia é uma queixa muito frequente e a prevalência em estudantes universitários vem sendo cada vez mais comum. Os zumbidos constituem percepções subjetivas de sons que acontecem na ausência de um sinal auditivo externo ou não. A correlação desses sintomas é importante para fins terapêuticos e prognóstico, pois descrever a temporalidade dos sintomas e conhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos estudantes sintomáticos pode contribuir com intervenções. Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência da relação da cefaleia e zumbido, descrever o perfil epidemiológico da população estudada e a ordem temporal do aparecimento desses dois sintomas. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal, observacional e analítico representativo de um centro acadêmico. Foram coletados dados referentes ao perfil epidemiológico e clínico da cefaleia e zumbido entre acadêmicos de Medicina, por meio de um questionário online construído na ferramenta Google Forms. Resultados: Dos 234 participantes, 26,1% relataram a presença de zumbido e cefaleia. Os participantes com cefaleia apresentaram maior probabilidade de serem mulheres, da raça branca e ter entre 21-25 anos. Dentre as cefaleias sem unilateralidade, as localizadas à direita e as localizadas à esquerda, o zumbido predominou no tipo sem unilateralidade, entretanto sem significância estatística. Observou-se que 18,0% dos acadêmicos relataram o início do zumbido antes da cefaleia, 57,4% relataram o início da cefaleia antes do zumbido, e 24,6% início simultâneo. Conclusões: Foi demonstrada uma importante relação entre cefaleia e zumbido acerca da lateralidade e temporalidade. Assim, esses dados se encaixam na presunção de que a cefaleia e o zumbido possuem uma ligação fisiopatológica.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide. In this setting, Neck Circumference (NC) and Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) are simple and valuable tools for an early evaluation of cardiovascular risk through the assessment of upper body obesity and arterial stiffness. However, the associations between both measurements have not been systematically explored. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study representative of a neighborhood of Salvador-BA, Brazil. Data were collected between December 2016 and May 2019, and comprise 130 individuals for the present study. Variables such as age, sex, education levels and NC were analyzed to verify their associations with PWV status. Correlations between PWV and NC were performed to further depict their association. Results: There was a predominance of patients with elevated PWV. The subgroup of patients aged 60 years or older presented the largest proportion of PWV alterations over normal results. There was a majority of women in the study population and sex could not determine PWV status. There was a predominance of concomitant elevation of NC and PWV in the studied population. NC measurements could distinguish PWV status from women and the study population. NC and PWV had a positive and statistically significant correlation for women and for the general population. Conclusion: These findings suggest a possible association between upper body obesity and vascular homeostasis impairment. Therefore, screening patients with both measurements could prove relevant to better identify subclinical vascular perturbations and further delimitate prognosis related to cardiovascular events potentially associated with them. •Elevation of pulse wave velocity (PWV) was associated with the increase of age. •Frequency of patients with elevated PWV and neck circumference was predominant. •Neck circumference and pulse wave velocity were positively correlated.

Introduction: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is considered a gold standard for assessment of arterial stiffness [1]; neck circumference (NC) is a good anthropometrical indicator of fat accumulation in the upper body region [2]. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study representative of a neighborhood of Salvador-BA, Brazil, distributed in 12 census tracts according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The overall sample is randomized in adults from the assigned area, from December 2016 to May 2019 comprise 145 people. Individual and household records are filled out PWV was the measuring velocity between the carotid and right femoral wave, coupled to the electrocardiogram. The committee for research on human subjects of the FTC approved the protocol (No1827621). The measurement equipment was the flattening tonometer SphygmoCor® apparatus (XCEL, AtCor Medical, Sydney, Australia). The NC was obtained by using an inelastic fiberglass tape measure based on the height of the cricothyroid cartilage. The values ≥37 cm for men or ≥34 cm for women were used for their classification [3]. The frequency and descriptive measures, Spearman’s linear correlation coefficient between the laboratory tests and adjusted PWV. STATA v.12 software was used for treatment and generation of results. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: There was a predominance of women (70.3%). The correlation is the same for both sexes (r = 0.30), a weak positive, however it was statistically significant for women (p = 0.0031). Conclusion: The NC and PWV measurements showed a weakly positive. There was a statistically significant correlation for women.

Introduction: Central pressure (CP) has been shown to be more reliable in cardiovascular mortality than peripheral. Previous studies correlate the relationship between CP increase and urinary potassium excretion. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study representative of a neighborhood of Salvador-Ba, Brazil, distributed in 12 census tracts according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The overall sample is randomized in adults from the assigned area from December 2016 to May 2019. Individual and household records are filled out. The CP, measured in the radial artery, obtained through aplanation tonometry, using the SphygmoCor® apparatus (XCEL, AtCor Medical, Sydney, Australia, [2] with confidence ≥85%). CP is evaluated directly by the central systolic pressure equipment and central diastolic blood pressures collected, blood and urine of 24 hours of urinary potassium were quantified by the ADVIA 1800® selective ion electrode (SiemensHealthcare Japan/Canada). All participants signed a Free and Informed Consent Form. Frequency and descriptive measures (mean, standard deviation), Spearman’s linear correlation coefficient between CP and K+ were stratified by age and sex, using STATA v.12 software for treatment and generation of results, and the level of statistical significance of 5%. Results: A total of 145 individuals with a predominance of females (70.3%). The CP and excretion of potassium in the female sex was directly proportional, whereas in the male sex the ratio was inversely proportional, but in both groups there wasn’t statistical significance. Conclusion: The results obtained weren’t adequate for the literature. A larger sample is needed for accuracy in this group.

Introduction: Central pressure (CP) has shown to be more reliable than cardiovascular mortality; salt intake in the diet is directly related to the increase in CP. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study representative of a neighborhood of Salvador-BA, Brazil, distributed in 12 census tracts according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The overall sample is randomized in adults from the assigned area, from December 2016 to May 2019 comprise 145 people. The central pressure, measured in the radial artery, obtained through aplanation tonometry, using the SphygmoCor® apparatus (XCEL, AtCor Medical, Sydney, Australia, [2] with confidence ≥85%). PC is evaluated directly by the central systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. Collected blood and urine sodium 24 hours were quantified by the ADVIA 1800® selective ion electrode (SiemensHealthcare Japan/Canada), and all participants signed a Free and Informed Consent Form. Mean, standard deviation, Spearman’s linear correlation coefficient between CP and Na+, stratified by age and sex, using STATA v.12 software for treatment and generation of results, and the level of significance statistic of 5%. Results: For both sexes, were inversely proportional, although not significant. Conclusion: The results obtained aren’t adequate as evidence in the literature. A larger sample is needed for accuracy in this group.