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The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2014.03.005. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.

The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2015.01.003. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.

The Candidaspecies are the most important factors of fungal infections in humans and animals. It is necessary to prepare antifungal or antimicrobial drugs because of increasing drug resistance. The natural treatment of diseases of bacterial origin using medicinal plants is important. In this study the effect of antimicrobial medicinal herbal essential oils and conventional antifungal drugs were evaluated on Candida albicans in vitro.

AbstractHerbal drugs in this category are in alternative agents and for several years they have been used all around the world. The aim of this study is to examine the antimicrobial properties of three species of Punica granatumon Candida albicansand Escherichia coliand to compare it to some common antibiotics. Firstly the extracts of P. granatumvar. pleniflora, P. granatumvar. Sweet Alak, P. granatumvar. Saveh Black leather and leaf Portulaca olearaceaewere prepared and the amount of total phenol and free radical scavenging activity had been measured in the plants. Next the antimicrobial activity of prepared extracts was determined on Candida albicansand Escherichia coliand it was compared to some common antibiotics. Also MIC50, MIC90, MFC and MBC of extracts were determined. The statistical analysis of data for checking inhibition zone (IZ) was done using Factorial test in random design and means comparison was done via Tokey method. Results showed that the high concentration of treatment P. granatumvar. pleniflora had the most effect on IZ (P<0.0001) and the highest amounts of phenol and antioxidant activity is related to P. granatumvar. pleniflora flower. The comparison of antibiotics and herbal extracts on Candida albicansand Escherichia colishowed that concentration 30 % of P. granatumvar. pleniflora has a more significant potential compared to Amfoterisin B and antibacterial drugs. From the obtained results, it is clear that the methanolic extract of P. granatumflower can be used against Candida albicansand Escherichia coliin different concentrations. It is suggested to conduct other experiments in alternative medicine and to use the extract on different microbial species.

Herbal drugs are considered alternative agents and have been used for several years around the world. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common problems recognized by dentists and skin specialists. This problem is characterized by recurring, painful, small oral mucosal ulcers with a round or oval aspect that mostly appear in keratinized mucosa, cheeks, and on the surface of the mouth under the tongue.