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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Aussen- und Sicherheitspolitik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global banks and interconnected national banking sectors have been a main characteristic of the modern international financial systems over the last half century. After a sluggish wake up in the early postwar years, international banking took off in the 1970s as the Euromarkets gained traction and strongly developed in the lead up to the international debt crisis of 1982. This article examines the birth of bank globalization in Latin America, a region of the developing world at the centre of global finance and Euromarket developments during this period. It shows that, like their counterparts in industrial countries, leading banking institutions from the region also went international, expanding their presence overseas and their participation in the Euromarkets. The world leading financial centres of London and New York were the main destinations, but they also settled in offshore centres in the Caribbean and other US financial districts from where they conducted international business on their own or in collaboration with other banks. The presence in Germany along with the joint business between Latin American and German banks in the Euromarkets are explored as well. While assessing the extent and scope of early Latin American bank globalization for the first time, the article also provides insights on the evolution and changing nature of this process over the following period.

The article provides a brief overview of the social impacts of the COVID‐19 crisis in Latin America and the Caribbean, presenting how these are intertwined with a structural deficit of social protection systems. It also describes the main features of the emergency social protection responses adopted by Latin American countries that are relevant to the ongoing debate on an emergency basic income. Finally, it discusses the role, implications, and challenges in implementing an emergency basic income as a sustainable entitlement, embedded in the social protection system, to be activated in times of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Am 4. Dezember 2023 entschied das Verfassungsgericht der Republik Peru, dass der ehemalige Präsident Alberto Kenya Fujimori Inomoto unverzüglich aus der Haft zu entlassen sei. Dies ist inzwischen geschehen. Fujimori verbüßte seit 2009 eine eigentlich 25-jährige Gefängnisstrafe wegen Menschenrechtsverletzungen während seiner Amtszeit. Es war zum Zeitpunkt der Verurteilung der einzige Fall weltweit, in dem sich ein demokratisch gewählter Staats- oder Regierungschef wegen solcher Rechtsverstöße strafrechtlich verantworten musste. Die verfassungsgerichtliche Entscheidung steht am vorläufigen Ende politischer und rechtlicher Auseinandersetzungen um das Schicksal von Alberto Fujimori. Auch wenn es sich bei der Haftentlassung nicht formell um eine Aufhebung der Verurteilung handelt, so ist sie doch eine Niederlage für die Menschenrechte in Peru und ganz Lateinamerika.

Migration affects almost every nation, emphasizing the need to guarantee social security rights for all migrants and their families. This article focuses on the rights of workers who migrate between the countries of the European Union (EU) and the Ibero‐American community. In the EU, social security systems are increasingly coordinated through Regulation No. 883/2004 and its Implementing Regulation No. 987/2009. In the Ibero‐American community, coordination is sought through the Ibero‐American Social Security Convention. Despite convergence between these two international instruments, coordination is still lacking between them. This article presents a comparative analysis to articulate the necessary mechanisms to guarantee coordination, to respect the social security rights of migrant workers. We focus on the cooperation and coordination between regional as well as national systems, specifically looking at the need for and aims of a rapprochement between these two major international coordination instruments to provide greater EU‐Ibero‐American cooperation. Finally, the importance of promoting greater international cooperation in social security policy and administration is highlighted, to engender the adequate protection of the rights as well as the free movement of migrant workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the current research was to investigate the relationship between parenting style, culture, and infant development in a sample of Latin American mother‐infant dyads in Toronto, Canada. We examined associations between mothers' self‐reported parenting style and infant cognitive and socioemotional development, which we compared to results from mothers belonging to two other Canadian immigrant populations. We further examined whether specific cultural correlates, including affiliation with traditional Latinx cultural beliefs familism and fatalism and acculturation, were associated with positive parenting behaviors in the Latin American sample. Across all three cultural groups, authoritative parenting predicted adaptive socio‐emotional development, an effect which differed in magnitude across groups, providing support for the hypothesis that the effect of parenting behaviors on infant development are moderated by culture. Within the Latin American sample, affiliation with the value of familism was associated with higher scores of authoritative parenting, but familism decreased as acculturation to the host culture increased. This research adds to our understanding of factors that contribute to the well‐being of Latin American families in Canada. Findings carry implications for provision of infant mental health services to Latin American immigrant families by identifying cultural variables which should be considered when providing parenting interventions to make such interventions more culturally relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Monroe Doctrine, which represents a formative trauma for Latin American states, is infl uencing both their attitudes to the war in Ukraine, in which they distance themselves from both Russia and Western states, as well as their role as a neutralizing and stabilizing power in the international system. Since its beginning, most Latin American governments‘ assessment of the war in Ukraine has diff ered from Western countries in various important respects. On the one hand, all Latin American states condemn Russia‘s military intervention in Ukraine, yet, on the other hand, they diverge from the “West” on the causes of the war, on questions of sanctions and guilt, and on end scenarios. In this article, I investigate how Latin America‘s experiences with the Monroe Doctrine has infl uenced its independent attitude to the war in Ukraine, its intermediate position in the new tension between the great powers, and its peace-promoting potential in the newly forming international system. Theoretically, I deal critically with imperialism and strategic development approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung Während seines Aufenthalts 1803 in Mexiko machte von Humboldt die Bekanntschaft von Dupaix, einem spanischen Soldaten luxemburgischer Herkunft und Liebhaber präkolumbischer Altertümer. Die Entdeckung verschiedener Manuskripte Dupaix’ sowie die Untersuchung diverser Archive und persönlicher Aufzeichnungen des Freiherrn und von Dokumenten unterschiedlicher Institutionen beiderseits des Atlantiks erlauben es, den außergewöhnlichen Weg eines berühmten mexikanischen Objekts, der Chalchiuhtlicue, nachzuvollziehen, die der preußische Forschungsreisende 1810 als „aztekische Priesterin“ in seinem Buch Vues des cordillères … beschrieben hatte. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht, die verschiedenen Besitzer und die Umstände nachzuzeichnen, welche die Wanderung dieser emblematischen prähispanischen Statuette von Mexiko-Stadt nach London fast ein halbes Jahrhundert lang begleitet haben. Abstract In 1803, during his sojourn in Mexico, von Humboldt made the acquaintance of Dupaix, a Spanish soldier of Luxemburgish origin with a keen interest in pre-Columbian art. The discovery of several manuscripts belonging to Dupaix, together with a study of various archives and personal notes left by Humboldt, not to mention the documents held in different institutions on both sides of the Atlantic, have made it possible to recreate the remarkable itinerary of a famous Mexica work of art, that of Chalchiuhtlicue. In his ground-breaking work Vues des cordillères … published in 1810, the Prussian explorer had referred to her as an “Aztec Priestess”. In this article we attempt to trace the various successive owners of this emblematic pre-Hispanic statuette and the circumstances surrounding the period of almost 50 years it spent wandering between Mexico and London. Resumen El descubrimiento de diferentes manuscritos de Dupaix, militar español de origen luxemburgués afi cionado a las antigüedades precolombinas que se entrevistó en 1803 con von Humboldt con motivo de su estancia en México, unido al examen de diversos archivos y notas personales del barón, así como de documentos conservados en diversas instituciones de uno y otro lado del Atlántico, permite seguir el recorrido singular de una célebre antigüedad mexicana, a saber la Chalchiuhtlicue, que el explorador prusiano identifi có en 1810 como una “sacerdotisa azteca” en su obra Vues des cordillères … La presente contribución intenta rastrear a los sucesivos diferentes propietarios y las circunstancias que han acompañado durante más de medio siglo a la peregrinación de esta emblemática estatuilla prehispánica de México a Londres.

Latin America is a civilization in transition, a kind of 'in-between', as Rafael López-Pedraza would coin the expression: it is associated not only with various levels of pre-existing consciousness, but also with the emotional life of its inhabitants. This Latin American baroque speaks not only of the cultural complexes which pertain to all of the peoples in this vast territory, but also of why certain emotions - cruelty, intolerance, anxiety, sadness, resentment, joy, rage, envy, suffering, fear, indignation, jealousy, sorrow and shame, to name a few - move these complexes and acquire certain shades in each region and in each inhabitant. Let us remember the relationship that Jung establishes between the emotions and the complexes. For him, although the emotions are the same in their content, they cluster in the complexes of each individual or collective in such a specific, automatic, spontaneous and involuntary way that they possess their own energy, and no one can ignore them. Taking into account these notions of emotion and complex, we analyze some emotions proposed by López-Pedraza (2008) in his book, Emotions: A List, to draw a picture of the collective emotions that predominate among Latin Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frente a la reestructuración del mercado cinematográfico de los años 1990, la nueva formación universitaria de cineastas transforma la imagen del cine latinoamericano. Los egresados se orientan hacia los fondos internacionales que fomentan proyectos artísticos y formas alternativas de realizarlos. Se crea un vínculo esencial con la academia y un vínculo existencial con los nuevos foros internacionales. Este ensayo dirige la discusión hacia los conceptos estéticos para aclarar su relevancia en el desarrollo cultural en América Latina y mostrar su capacidad conectiva entre una lógica local y otra suprarregional. Basándose en un corpus de 120 películas de 13 países se formula un marco común de las estéticas emergentes según los modos de sentir, pensar y construir.Sentir: el análisis de la atmósfera en combinación con estudios fílmicos y la psicología evolutiva explica cómo se interrelaciona la percepción con el proceso productivo del cine. La reorganización atmosférica apoya una aprehensión consciente del ser en el mundo y cómo nos relacionamos con él. El cambio de los hábitos perceptivos ejerce una influencia sobre las relaciones humanas y las relaciones con el entorno y la naturaleza.Pensar: el ejercicio de la atención plena crea una disposición necesaria para una nueva cualidad contemplativa de la imagen. El kairós del momento se extiende de una forma prolongada y permite pensar con la imagen en un modo paralelo a la atención plena. El modo de contemplación redefine la autonomía de la imagen según una diferencia responsiva. Su indeterminación posibilita una nueva existencia redonda del espectador, como aclara la relación con el cine ruso y el medio y extremo oriente.Construir: un nuevo carácter de imagen en consonancia con la diferencia icónica posibilita explorar su conjunto. Se modela la percepción en una configuración conceptual de la pantalla que subraya una diferencia radical con la ilusión del campo de profundidad, las condiciones del relato y las formas de representación. El entrenamiento de la mente convierte el modo de construir imágenes en una operación permanente.Los tres modos integran una nueva relación entre la teoría del cine y la filosofía de la imagen después del giro icónico para medir las opciones del cine como arte participativo. La autonomía estética estimula el acercamiento entre las artes y la sala de cine se convierte en una instalación fundamental de los centros culturales. Las nuevas vertientes del cine arte internacional se oponen a los formatos multiuso y exigen un uso exclusivo en la sala de cine, en correlación con el auge de la cultura festivalera.

Using household surveys from 17 Latin American countries over 2009–2018, we analyze contributory pension coverage for the economically active population (EAP) and contributory/non‐contributory pension coverage for older persons. Nine countries have "private" and eight have "public" pension systems. Inequalities in gender, income, education, location and firm size affect both coverage of the EAP and the elderly. Rather than being affected by the type of pension system – private or public –, coverage depends on structural features of the labour market and public policy interventions. Our findings confirm current understanding that level of development is directly related with coverage whereas inequality and informality are inversely related with coverage. Based on these results, we recomend policy interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seit diesem Jahr erscheint Estudios Culturales Hispánicos, eine vom Forschungszentrum Spanien der Universität Regensburg herausgegebene internationale und interdisziplinäre Zeitschrift mit dem Schwerpunkt auf hispanischer Kultur, speziell auf der spanischen Gegenwartskultur. Im PDF stellt der Geschäftsführer des Forschungszentrums Spanien Hubert Pöppel die Ziele der Zeitschrift vor. Hier geht es zur Internetseite der Zeitschrift.

Copyright of Security: Theory & Practice / Bezpieczeństwo.Teoria i Praktyka is the property of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, AFM Publishing Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Latin American model of vocational education has been widely portrayed as a homegrown success story, particularly by scholars and stakeholders who are aware of the region's skill deficits, wary of alien solutions, and suspicious of institutional transfers more generally. Is the Latin American model really homegrown? I use a combination of qualitative and quantitative data to trace the model's mores and methods not to the New World but to Central Europe and go on to identify three different transmission paths in the 20th century: imitation by Latin Americans of German origin, descent, and/or training in the run-up to World War II; propagation by West German attachés and advisors in an effort to rehabilitate their country's image in the wake of the war; and adaptation by local employers and policymakers—who received additional support from Germany—at the turn of the last century. The results suggest that institutional importation is less a discrete event or outcome to be avoided than an ongoing process that, first, entails translation, adaptation, and at times obfuscation by importers as well as exporters; and, second, is facilitated by immigrants, their descendants, and diplomats in transnational contact zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on empirical research in 2017 and contributing to a break with a perspective of losses that is widespread in the work on Latin America by anthropologists of religion, this article doesn't focus on "authenticity", but analyzes how the population in today's Bolivia perceives and interprets a modern achievement. The article builds on data from participatory observations on motor vehicle blessing rituals in Bolivia and on narrative and semi-structured interviews with various drivers. It demonstrates that two blessing rituals are performed to be protected when driving in Bolivia: The bendición by Catholic priests and the ch'alla per-formed by the drivers themselves or by a professional yatiri. I compare the collected data to the model of andino-catholic syncretism by Ina Rösing and contrast it with her thesis that the Andean religiosity is getting lost due to urbanization. The efficiency attributed to these rituals for protection against accidents and incidents, and the fear of negative consequences when not performing them show that in today's Bolivia the logic of reciprocity is widespread and that also "mod-ern" technologies, such as the motor vehicle, are interpreted by the Bolivian population inside the symbol system of andino-catholic syncretism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text attempts to report on the development of practical theology in the context of Brazil and Latin America. It presents the difficulty of constructing such an account. The article is organized into four parts: 1) a brief description of the Latin American context; 2) the permanent challenge of conceptualizing Practical Theology as a theological discipline; 3) relevant developments of the discipline; 4) current and future challenges for practical theology in this reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]