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Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF‐HFP)‐sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) solid polymer electrolytes containing different weight ratios of ionic liquid (IL)—tributylmethylphosphonium iodide (TBMPI) were prepared using solution‐cast approach. Electrochemical impedance data indicates that increasing ionic liquid into polymer electrolyte matrix increases ionic conductivity and the maximum value of ionic conductivity was obtained at 150 wt% TBMPI, having conductivity value of 8.3 × 10−5 S cm−1. The dielectric measurement supports our conductivity data. Ionic transference number measurement affirms this system to be predominantly ionic in nature, while electrochemical stability window (ESW) was found to be 3.4 V. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) along with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) suggest suitability of TBMPI as plasticizer, while infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms ion interaction, complexation, and composite nature. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows thermal stability of these ionic liquid‐doped polymer electrolytes (ILDPEs). Using maximum conducting ILDPE, a sandwiched supercapacitor has been fabricated which shows stable performance as high as 228 Fg−1 using cyclic voltammetry (CV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films based on poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF–HFP) with salt and ionic‐liquid (IL) are synthesized using the solution‐cast technique and summarized in this review. Doping ILs or salts increases ionic conductivity up to the device level. This is further confirmed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) affirms that enhancement in ionic conductivity is due to increase in amorphous nature of film. The complex nature of polymer electrolyte films is confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. Overall results show that doping IL into polyether matrix is advantageous material playing a dominant role in electrochemical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In solid–solid composite formation by dispersal of insulating filler in an ionic matrix results in ionic conductivity enhancement which has been discussed in details in this paper. Present system deals ammonium oxalate ((NH4)2C2O4·1H2O) dispersed with insulating filler (Al2O3). Electrical, structural, and thermal studies viz. conductivity measurement, ion transport, ionic transference number, infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry are presented in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in using kapok (Ceiba pentandra L.)-based cellulose in composite preparation is growing due to its advantages, including costeffectiveness, light weight, non-toxicity, and biodegradability. In this study, chloroform, sodium chlorite, and sodium hydroxide were used for wax removal, delignification, and hemicellulose removal, respectively. It was observed that the air entrapment inside kapok fiber disappeared after it was treated with alkali. The structure became completely flattened and similar to a flat ribbon-like shape when examined using a vapour pressure scanning electron microscope (VPSEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the untreated and treated kapok fibers. The peak at 898 cm-1, which is attributed to the glucose ring stretching in cellulose, was observed for the obtained cellulose samples. Peaks corresponding to lignin (1505 and 1597 cm-1) and hemicellulose (1737 and 1248 cm-1) disappeared. The results of differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) indicated that the degradation of cellulose appeared as an exothermic peak at about 300 to 350 °C. The activation energy for thermal decomposition of kapok cellulose and its hemicelluloses was 185 kJ/mol and 110 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energy for thermal decomposition can be used as an alternative approach to determine the purity of cellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As synthetic and nonbiodegradable compounds are becoming a great challenge for the environment, developing polymer electrolytes using naturally occurring biodegradable polymers has drawn considerable research interest to replace traditional aqueous electrolytes and synthetic polymer-based polymer electrolytes. This study shows the development of a highly conducting ionic liquid (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide)-doped corn starch-based polymer electrolyte. A simple solution cast method is used to prepare biopolymer-based polymer electrolytes and characterized using different electrical, structural, and photoelectrochemical studies. Prepared polymer electrolytes are optimized based on ionic conductivity, which shows an ionic conductivity as high as 1.90 × 10 -3 S/cm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the complexation and composite nature, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) affirm the reduction of crystallinity in biopolymer electrolytes after doping with ionic liquid (IL). Thermal and photoelectrochemical studies further affirm that synthesized material is well stable above 200 °C and shows a wide electrochemical window of 3.91 V. The ionic transference number measurement ( t ion ) confirms the predominance of ionic charge carriers in the present system. An electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) and a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) were fabricated by using the highest conducting corn starch polymer electrolyte. The fabricated EDLC and DSSC delivered an average specific capacitance of 130 F/g and an efficiency of 1.73% in one sun condition, respectively., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)