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The synthesis and characterization of the first air-stable tellurium-containing ligand-protected gold nanoparticles (NPs) are reported. Although the synthesis largely followed the well-known Brust two-phase approach, the starting ligand was dioctyl ditelluride rather than alkanetellurol, which is an analogue of the widely used alkanethiol. Dioctyl ditelluride was used because alkanetellurol is unstable. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra, as well as infrared spectra (IR) of the formed Au NPs, indicated that the Te−Te bond in the starting ligand was broken but the octyl group was intact. This was further corroborated by the solid-state 125Te NMR spectrum that displayed a very broad and significantly downfield-shifted peak, indicating that tellurium was directly bound to the Au core. Furthermore, the O 1s and Te 3d XPS spectra of the Au NPs indicated that the capping ligands were octanetelluroxide. An average particle size of 2.7 nm diameter as measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) corresponded to an Au 607core. A two-step weight loss of ∼22.2% in total was observed in the thermogravimetric analysis, which indicated about 53% ligand monolayer coverage (i.e., Au 607(Te(O)C 8H 17) 133). Additionally, dioctyl ditelluride demonstrated an intriguing reductive power that led to a more sophisticated chemistry of forming the air-stable octanetelluroxide-protected gold NPs. It has been found that (1) when the ratio of Au to Te was about 1.5 a colorless intermediate state similar to Au(I)-SR (the intermediate state widely accepted in the synthesis of thiolate-protected Au NPs) could be obtained and (2) this kind of intermediate state played a key role in the formation of stable Au NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]