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The problem of residential age segregation has been relatively under-studied, since spatial separation of older and younger people tends to be normalized. Prior literature demonstrates that age segregated environments may be socially isolating, especially for older adults, which may have detrimental impacts on their physical and mental health. While there are some studies on residential age segregation in Western contexts, there is scarce literature on age segregation in Asian cities. This mixed methods study examines changing patterns of residential age segregation in Hong Kong, through analyzing a combination of secondary census data and qualitative, in-depth interview data. The findings reveal that the extent of age segregation has remained consistently low from 2006 to 2016, although age segregation appears to be more pronounced between young adults in their early 20s and older adults above 65. Furthermore, in-depth interviews with 26 older people reveal that older people perceive themselves as being socially separated from younger people, especially older people who remain in ageing housing estates in urban districts. The findings add to the growing international literature on generational divides in spatial inequalities, while highlighting the influence of local housing policies on age segregation. The paper concludes by considering the policy implications of the findings, and the practical interventions that might contribute to reducing social isolation experienced by older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on cross-age interactions suggests that more communication between older and younger generations can foster mutual understanding. Existing studies on intergenerational programs focus more on the perspectives of older people, while young adults' perceptions of intergenerational interactions are less well-understood. Through 448 surveys and 23 qualitative interviews with youth in Hong Kong, this study explored what motivates youth to communicate with retirees beyond their family. The findings reveal that youth in this study had relatively superficial interactions with retirees in community settings, which is partly explained by ageism. Nevertheless, they preferred connecting with retirees who are able to offer transformational benefits that enhance personal growth, which points toward novel forms of ableism based on skill-sharing abilities. The paper concludes by considering the implications of these findings for intergenerational programs, especially the importance of uncovering the latent skills of older people, to extend the possibilities for more in-depth intergenerational interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impaired sensorimotor control, as a common feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), could be a driving factor to handwriting problems. This study examined the Chinese and English handwriting and sensorimotor skills of 15 ASD and 174 typically developing Chinese adolescents. Participants with ASD had lower writing speed and poor manual dexterity (MD) than the typically developing participants. MD was a significant mediator between ASD and handwriting speed. Ground time and airtime represent the length of time when the pen touches the paper and is held in air, respectively. Participants with ASD who had better performance in MD showed shorter ground time in Chinese handwriting and shorter airtime in English handwriting. Training for adolescents with ASD on their MD may improve their handwriting performance.

Impaired sensorimotor control, as a common feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), could be a driving factor to handwriting problems. This study examined the Chinese and English handwriting and sensorimotor skills of 15 ASD and 174 typically developing Chinese adolescents. Participants with ASD had lower writing speed and poor manual dexterity (MD) than the typically developing participants. MD was a significant mediator between ASD and handwriting speed. Ground time and airtime represent the length of time when the pen touches the paper and is held in air, respectively. Participants with ASD who had better performance in MD showed shorter ground time in Chinese handwriting and shorter airtime in English handwriting. Training for adolescents with ASD on their MD may improve their handwriting performance., Author(s): Cecilia W. P. Li-Tsang [sup.1] , Tim M. H. Li [sup.1] , Choco H. Y. Ho [sup.1] [sup.2] , Mandy S. W. Lau [sup.1] , Howard W. H. Leung [...]

Abstract Previous studies have investigated the impacts of high-rise living on neighbourhood social interactions, yet this body of literature does not focus explicitly on intergenerational interactions, which are associated with distinctive benefits for older and younger generations. This qualitative study investigated how younger and older people interact in high-rise neighbourhoods, and identified the factors that hinder intergenerational interactions, through in-depth interviews with 23 young adults and 26 older people in Hong Kong. The findings revealed that the two generations rarely interact, partly due to generational differences in the use of public spaces, and partly due to socio-cultural factors, especially the pervasive culture of digital communication among younger people, and aversion to small talk in public spaces. The findings also highlighted the potential of new forms of interdependency-oriented interventions in enhancing intergenerational support, while respecting residents’ desire for privacy. These findings highlight the need for culturally-sensitive interventions, in order to foster meaningful intergenerational interactions in high-rise neighbourhoods across different cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative stereotypes of older people can have detrimental impacts on their mental health, hence better understanding of ageism is needed to combat ageism more effectively. Nevertheless, existing studies on ageism largely focus on the workplace, while relatively less is known about younger people's generalizations of older people in everyday neighbourhood contexts. This study investigated young adults' stereotypes of retired older people in the context of high-density residential neighbourhoods in Hong Kong, through 23 qualitative in-depth interviews. The findings counter the misconception that ageism is less prevalent in Asian societies, while uncovering young adults' novel interpretations of traditional cultural norms of respect towards older people. The findings also reveal more complex intersections between ageism, classism, and prejudice towards worldview-dissimilar older people. These findings suggest the need to broaden the scope of ageism-reduction interventions, to tackle not only age-related prejudice but other forms of prejudice. Paying closer attention to intersectional forms of prejudice can also facilitate the design of more inclusive intergenerational programs and intergenerational public spaces, both locally and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permissive hypercapnia, achieved using low tidal volume ventilation, has been an effective protective strategy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. To date, no such protective effect has been demonstrated for the chronic neonatal lung injury, bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The objective of our study was to determine whether evolving chronic neonatal lung injury, using a rat model, is resistant to the beneficial effects of hypercapnia or simply requires a less conservative approach to hypercapnia than that applied clinically to date. Neonatal rats inhaled air or 60% [O.sub.2] for 14 days with or without 5.5% C[O.sub.2]. Lung parenchymal neutrophil and macrophage numbers were significantly increased by hyperoxia alone, which was associated with interstitial thickening and reduced secondary crest formation. The phagocyte influx, interstitial thickening, and impaired alveolar formation were significantly attenuated by concurrent hypercapnia. Hyperoxic pups that received 5.5% C[O.sub.2] had a significant increase in alveolar number relative to air-exposed pups. Increased tyrosine nitration, a footprint for peroxynitrite-mediated reactions, arteriolar medial wall thickening, and both reduced small peripheral pulmonary vessel number and VEGF and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) expression, which were observed with hyperoxia, was attenuated by concurrent hypercapnia. We conclude that evolving chronic neonatal lung injury in a rat model is responsive to the beneficial effects of hypercapnia. Inhaled 5.5% C[O.sub.2] provided a significant degree of protection against parenchymal and vascular injury in an animal model of chronic neonatal lung injury likely due, at least in part, to its inhibition of a phagocyte influx. carbon dioxide; lung growth; inflammation doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00139.2009.