Search

Is “be yourself” always the best advice? We suggest that interpersonal consequences of behaving authentically depend on the extent to which individuals identify with the social environment where they behave authentically. Bridging the research on authenticity, social identity, and conflict, we propose that for high identifiers, authentic behavior reveals how similar they are to others, thereby reducing dyadic relationship conflict. When social identification is low, behaving authentically increases the salience of how different the individual is from others, increasing relationship conflict. In a multi-source time-lag sample of professional work teams (Study 1), we found that authentic behavior indeed reduced relationship conflict and enhanced task performance for high identifiers, but had an inverse, detrimental effect for low identifiers. In a sample of student teams (Study 2), we only found an attenuating effect of authentic behavior on relationship conflict for high identifiers, and no effect for low identifiers. These results suggest that the advice “to be yourself” applies in educational contexts involving younger adults, but has to be prescribed with care in professional work contexts. Our findings emphasize the importance of social context for the consequences of authentic behavior, and call for more research on the contextual effects of authenticity.

Las tecnicas moleculares para la deteccion de infeccion natural y fuente de alimentacion en vectores secundarios de la enfermedad de Chagas cuando son aplicadas a ejemplares capturados en areas endemicas, historicamente ocupadas por Triatoma infestans, proporcionan a las investigaciones epidemiologicas respuestas mas exactas con relacion a la transmisibilidad de la enfermedad. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo emplear biomarcadores moleculares para evaluar el impacto de la infestacion intra y peridomicilar de Triatoma sordida en viviendas bajo vigilancia entomologica de departamentos de la Region Oriental del Paraguay en el periodo 2007 al 2015. Un total de 559 ejemplares de T. sordida capturados en 253, 91 y 52 viviendas de los departamentos Paraguari, San Pedro y Cordillera, respectivamente fueron analizados. La infestacion detectada fue del 24% al 48% asi como una elevada colonizacion intradomiciliar del 5% al 36% en los tres departamentos. La deteccion molecular de infeccion natural oscilo entre el 14% y 44%; y en 111 ejemplares se determino la fuente de alimentacion. El marcador molecular citocromo b permitio demostrar por vez primera un elevado porcentaje de triatominos con sangre humana como fuente de alimentacion, principalmente en Cordillera con un 82% (28/34 T. sordida capturados). Estos hallazgos dejan en evidencia el avance del T. sordida en la ocupacion del nicho ecologico de T. cruzi y la capacidad de esta especie secundaria como vector en la transmision de T. cruzi en comunidades de la Region Oriental.

Does job self-efficacy affect career success? In this article, we explore the idea that not only insufficient, but also excessive self-efficacy can impede success. We used multisource, time-lag data on managers working at a social-work organization to test our theoretical predictions. Our results show that job self-efficacy has a curvilinear relationship with resilient behavior, which in turn affects managers’ career success: self-efficacy increased resilience up to a point where it turned not significant. We also found an antidote for the negative consequences of low self-efficacy: when managers were perceived to embody the values and behaviors typical in their organization—i.e., high organizational prototypicality—low self-efficacy did not hamper their success. These findings suggest that low job self-efficacy is not invariably an obstacle to being successful in organizations. They also contravene the assumption that the more self-efficacy, the better; a supportive work environment might be just as important.

Under uncertainty, leaders who possess dark triad personality traits seem able to attain leadership positions. We draw on uncertainty-identity theory and dark triad research to explore the effect of self-uncertainty on leadership motivation. Uncertainty-identity theory predicts that people can reduce self-uncertainty by identifying with groups and following their leaders, which suggests that self-uncertainty reduces people’s own leadership motivation. However, individuals high in dark triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) have such a powerful drive for dominance over others that their leadership motivation may be unaffected by self-uncertainty. To test these predictions, we conducted four studies ( Ns = 2,641, 421, 513, and 400). We found that self-uncertainty reduced leadership motivation for individuals low in the dark triad. In contrast, those high in the dark triad had an elevated leadership motivation that remained unaltered when they were self-uncertain. These effects were mediated by participants’ negative affect. We discuss the implications of these findings.

La prostitución se considera un problema psicosocial y de salud pública. Aunque las mujeres en condición de prostitución padecen numerosos daños mentales y físicos, cuando acceden a instituciones de salud y bienestar encuentran que sus profesionales no poseen la formación adecuada para ayudarlas. Cada vez más, la literatura médica sobre el tema plantea programas de abordaje ante los riesgos a que están expuestas diariamente y que, con los recursos necesarios, pueden propiciar un cambio en todos los niveles. Pero aún no es suficiente. Por ello, en este artículo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de la base de datos PubMed, y una búsqueda manual (barrido bibliográfico), con el fin de identificar y visibilizar los problemas mentales y físicos que sufren las mujeres en condición de prostitución, como resumen orientativo para cambios y políticas que puedan mejorar la atención dada por servicios sanitarios y autoridades, y hacer más efectivo el acceso a espacios de reparación integral.

Processes of quality accreditation in the English Major for I and II cycles at UNED: strengths and commitment to improvement Abstract The quality of higher education is a matter that should bring together all possible actors, committed to the objective of providing the most effective and updated tools in terms of education so that versatile professionals are trained and able to contribute to the building of a more just, democratic, and inclusive society. The university should always ensure and systematize processes of self-assessment and in the case of processes that result in university degrees, ensure their accreditation. The purpose of this article is in one hand, to describe the processes that the UNED has undergone in order to achieve accreditation from SINAES for their university degree programs and, on the other hand, systematize the actions taken by the English Major regarding those processes; its strengths and commitment to improvement. La calidad en la educación superior es un asunto que debe reunir a todos los actores posibles, comprometidos con el objetivo de proveer las herramientas más eficaces y actualizadas en el plano educativo de modo que se puedan capacitar y formar profesionales versátiles que aporten a la construcción de una sociedad más justa, democrática e inclusiva. La educación universitaria debe siempre procurar y sistematizar procesos de autoevaluación y en el caso de las carreras, obtener la certificación de acreditación. Este artículo tiene como fin describir por un lado los procesos a los que la UNED se ha sometido con el fin de que sus carreras universitarias puedan lograr la acreditación de SINAES y por otra parte sistematizar las acciones de la Carrera de la Enseñanza del Inglés en estos procesos, sus fortalezas y oportunidades de mejora plasmadas en el documento denominado compromisos de mejoramiento

Las técnicas moleculares para la detección de infección natural y fuente de alimentación en vectores secundarios de la enfermedad de Chagas cuando son aplicadas a ejemplares capturados en áreas endémicas, históricamente ocupadas por Triatoma infestans, proporcionan a las investigaciones epidemiológicas respuestas más exactas con relación a la transmisibilidad de la enfermedad. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo emplear biomarcadores moleculares para evaluar el impacto de la infestación intra y peridomicilar de Triatoma sordida en viviendas bajo vigilancia entomológica de departamentos de la Región Oriental del Paraguay en el período 2007 al 2015. Un total de 559 ejemplares de T. sordida capturados en 253, 91 y 52 viviendas de los departamentos Paraguarí, San Pedro y Cordillera, respectivamente fueron analizados. La infestación detectada fue del 24% al 48% así como una elevada colonización intradomiciliar del 5% al 36% en los tres departamentos. La detección molecular de infección natural osciló entre el 14% y 44%; y en 111 ejemplares se determinó la fuente de alimentación. El marcador molecular citocromo b permitió demostrar por vez primera un elevado porcentaje de triatominos con sangre humana como fuente de alimentación, principalmente en Cordillera con un 82% (28/34 T. sordida capturados). Estos hallazgos dejan en evidencia el avance del T. sordida en la ocupación del nicho ecológico de T. cruzi y la capacidad de esta especie secundaria como vector en la transmisión de T. cruzi en comunidades de la Región Oriental

Tuberculosis control in developing regions with apparent low incidence, like the low-income Mexican state of Michoacán, with mean annual incidence rates below 10/100,000 inhabitants, requires knowledge of the actual behavior of the disease. This can be determined using an epidemiological profile at sub-regional level, allowing disclosure of the clinical and social factors that may be hampering efforts to control tuberculosis. In this work, a detailed epidemiological profile was outlined using data of all new monthly cases registered in the National System of Epidemiological Surveillance Database for Michoacán municipalities from 2000 to 2012. Cases were grouped by gender and age, and sociodemographic data were obtained both from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography and from the United Nations Development Programme. Correlations were calculated by Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. We observed no statistically significant differences between notification rates for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010 (χ(2) = 0.222, p = 0.895). The percentage of cases is similar between all age groups older than 15, while some regions had low notification rates but high proportions of pediatric cases. Higher proportions of cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were observed in municipalities in northern Michoacán. No correlation was found between municipal Human Development Index values and municipal notification rates. Michoacán is undergoing an epidemiological transition with three regions having different epidemiological profiles and particular needs for effective prevention and containment of tuberculosis. Our work shows the importance of the spatial scale of epidemiological profiles for determining specific regional needs of surveillance and containment.

Can older managers overcome stereotypes relating age to low competence? We integrate the literature on age and cognitive ability with research on innovation to explore whether—and if so, when—employees' age harms performance and promotability appraisals made by their supervisors. Multisource, time‐lag data from 305 project managers indicate that the negative stereotypes can be explained through decreased innovative behavior. However, older employees are not always seen as poorer performers with less potential to be promoted due to their reduced innovative behavior. Rather, interdepartmental collaboration moderates these effects. Specifically, older employees with low interdepartmental collaboration are less innovative and receive worse performance and promotability appraisals than younger employees, but the “age handicap” vanishes when older employees collaborate with members of other departments. Organizations should foster formal or informal collaboration among units to prevent negative consequences of an aging workforce. published

Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of genes encoding resistance to three groups of antimicrobial agents in root canal samples from primary infection or post-treatment disease in Mexico. Methods A total of 64 subjects requiring root canal treatment because of primary infection or post-treatment disease were enrolled in this cross-sectional analytical study. Root canal samples were obtained and DNA was isolated. Specific primers for six antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and seven bacterial taxa (five genera and two species) were used. Student’s t-test, χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test were applied where appropriate to detect statistical differences. Results The blaTEM-1, ermC and tetM genes were found more frequently in the post-treatment disease group compared with the primary infection group. The occurrence of assessed bacteria was similar in both groups, except for Enterococcus spp. and Porphyromonas endodontalis, which were found at a significantly higher frequency in the post-treatment disease group. It was observed that the post-treatment disease group harboured more ARGs. The most frequent ARG was tetW, whereas tetQ and cfxA were not detected in any case. With respect to bacterial taxa, Fusobacterium spp. was present in 100% of samples, whereas Porphyromonas gingivalis was not observed in any of the samples. Conclusions At least one ARG was detected in all cases; moreover, 32.8% of samples were positive for four ARGs, 54.7% for three ARGs, 9.4% for two ARGs and only 3.1% for one ARG. This indicates a high prevalence and diversity of ARGs in these root canal samples.

En el presente estudio evaluamos indicadores entomologicos (indices de infeccion, colonizacion e infeccion natural) de ejemplares de Triatoma sordida capturados en el intra y peridomicilio de viviendas del Chaco Paraguayo en el periodo 2014 al 2016. El objetivo fue comparar con los hallazgos previamente reportados en el periodo 2010 al 2013 en la misma region. Ademas se ha incorporado la deteccion de fuente de alimentacion como complemento para definir el riesgo de domiciliacion de este vector secundario. Se aplicaron tecnicas moleculares asociados a indicadores entomologicos y epidemiologicos a 220 ejemplares de T. sordida capturados en 67 viviendas de 24 localidades del Chaco. Se detecto infestacion y colonizacion por T. sordida en el intradomicilio 13/67 (19%) y 5/13 (38%) y en el peridomicilio 54/67 (81%) y 43/54 (80%), respectivamente. Se detecto infeccion con T. cruzi en un 17,3% de los ejemplares analizados. La fuente de alimentacion pudo detectarse en tan solo 13 de 220 ejemplares (6%), todos resultaron positivos para sangre de gallina y correspondian a captura en el peridomicilio. El indice de infestacion intradomiciliar fue del 19%, superior al de anos anteriores y similar a las zonas historicamente endemicas de la Region Occidental (18%-20%). El riesgo de transmision intradomiciliar sigue siendo elevado porque en 3 de 5 viviendas con ninfas de T. sordida, los ejemplares estaban infectados con T. cruzi. Los indicadores entomologicos obtenidos en el presente estudio concuerdan con resultados previos de nuestro equipo, y confirman la capacidad vectorial de este triatomino secundario en la transmision de la enfermedad de Chagas.

Appearing self-confident is instrumental for progressing at work. However, little is known about what makes individuals appear self-confident at work. We draw on attribution and social perceptions literature to theorize about both antecedents and consequences of appearing self-confident for men and women in male-dominated professions. We suggest that performance is one determinant of whether individuals are seen as confident at work and that this effect is moderated by gender. We further propose that self-confidence appearance increases the extent to which individuals exert influence in their organizations. However, for women, appearing self-confident is not enough to gain influence. In contrast to men, women in addition are “required” to be prosocially oriented. Multisource, time-lag data from a technological company showed that performance had a positive effect on self-confidence appearance for both men and women. However, the effect of self-confidence appearance on organizational influence was moderated by gender and prosocial orientation, as predicted. Through self-confidence appearance, job performance directly enabled men to exert influence in their organization. In contrast, high-performing women gained influence only when their self-confidence appearance was coupled with prosocial orientation. Our results have practical implications for gender equality and leadership. They suggest that HR and senior management should play a key role in building more diversity-friendly organizations. In particular, ensuring that the same job requirements—explicit and implicit—are applied to both female and male employees is crucial for fair individual outcomes in organizations.

Este articulo parte de la securitización de la trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual en la Unión Europea para repensar la relación entre seguridad y ciudadanía. Los estudios críticos de seguridad han comenzado a abordar esta relación recientemente, centrándose en analizar los procesos de securitización de la ciudadanía, así como su uso en procesos de securitización, e identificando la constitución de la comunidad política como el ámbito más claro en el que ambas confluyen. La securitización de la trata, sin embargo, cuenta con tres especificidades que nos obligan a repensar el concepto de ciudadanía, así como su relación con la seguridad: el contexto transnacional en el que tiene lugar, la importancia del género y la sexualidad en los procesos de inclusión y exclusión a los que da lugar, y la existencia de una red transnacional de defensa de las personas trabajadoras del sexo que se sirve del concepto de ciudadanía para luchar contra dicha securitización. El artículo, por tanto, propone introducir tres innovaciones en el marco teórico empleado por los estudios críticos de seguridad para abordar la relación entre seguridad y ciudadanía, adecuándolo así al caso específico de la trata: primero, propone situar dicha relación en el contexto de globalización en el que actualmente opera; segundo, traer a colación los conceptos de ciudadanía sexual y de género, y en particular, el debate surgido en torno a su relación con las prácticas orientalistas e imperialistas de las democracias liberales occidentales; y tercero, recuperar la dimensión ambivalente de la ciudadanía para resaltar su potencial emancipatorio, This article starts from the securitisation of trafficking in women for sexual exploitation in the European Union so as to rethink the relationship between security and citizenship. Critical security studies have only recently began to explore such relation, focusing on the securitisation of citizenship as well as its use in processes of securitisation, and identifying the constitution of the political community as the place where citizenship and security most clearly converge. The securitisation of trafficking, however, has three specificities that compel us to rethink the concept of citizenship as well as its relation to security: the transnational context in which it takes place, the importance of gender and sexuality in the processes of inclusion and exclusion it gives way to, and the existence of a transnational advocacy network in defence of sex workers’ rights that uses the concept of citizenship to fight such securitisation. The article thus proposes the introduction of three innovations in the theoretical framework employed by critical security studies to analyse the relation between security and citizenship so as to accommodate the concrete case of trafficking: first, to situate such relation in the context of globalisation in which it operates; second, to draw from the concepts of gender and sexual citizenship, particularly the debate regarding their relation with the orientalist and imperialist practices of western liberal democracies, and, third, to recover the ambivalent dimension of citizenship stressing its emancipatory potential.

To identify the prevalence of C. albicans in primary endodontic infections of type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and compare their clinical and radiographical characteristics with a non-diabetic control group, establishing the possible relationship between primary endodontic infection, T2DM, and C. albicans, since diabetes mellitus (DM), influences the development, course, and response to the treatment of apical periodontitis, but the presence of Candida albicans (C. albicans) has not been considered before. A total of 120 patients were selected and divided into two groups: 60 T2DM diagnosed patients and 60 non-diabetic controls. A clinical examination and radiographic analysis were performed to establish a periapical index score (PAI). Root canal samples were taken. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted, and specific primers were used to identify C. albicans by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A twofold increase in the prevalence of C. albicans in T2DM patients was observed in contrast to control patients (p = 0.0251). Sixty-five percent of T2DM patients with positive C. albicans scored a ≥ 3 PAI, while only 27% of the patients without C. albicans had a ≥ 3 PAI score (p = 0.0065). Long-term DM patients presented C. albicans more frequently (p

Research suggests that objectification involves perceiving a woman as an object rather than as a human being and that focusing on a woman's appearance reduces perceptions of her humanness. However,...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain MYC004 was isolated from a Mexican patient with tuberculous meningitis, the most aggressive form of tuberculosis. The draft genome sequence is the first of a meningeal strain of M. tuberculosis reported from Latin America and consists of 4,411,530 bp, including 4,251 protein-encoding genes.

Drawing on social comparison and identity literature, we suggest that individuals' comparisons of themselves to their own standards of leadership relate to their leadership motivation. We propose and test a model of motivation to lead (MTL) based on two types of self-to-leader comparisons: self-to-exemplar and self-to-prototype comparisons with respect to affiliation. In our main study, using data from a sample of 180 executives, we apply structural equation models to test our predictions. We find that self-comparisons with concrete, influential leaders of the past or present (self-to-exemplar comparisons) relate positively to MTL. We also find that self-comparisons with more general representations of leaders (self-to-prototype comparisons in affiliation) relate to MTL. Whereas the effect of self-to-exemplar comparisons is mediated through individuals' leadership self-efficacy perceptions, the effect of self-to-prototype comparisons is not. We replicate these findings in three follow-up studies using different research designs. We derive implications for theory and practice.

This paper focuses on women leaders’ self-views as women and leaders and explores consequences of positive social identity (i.e., positive evaluation of the social category in question) for women in leadership positions. We hypothesized that holding positive gender and leader identities reduced perceived conflict between women’s gender and leader identities and thereby resulted in favorable psychological and motivational consequences. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that positive gender identity indeed reduced women leaders’ identity conflict. In Study 3, we found that by lessening identity conflict, positive gender identity reduced stress, increased life satisfaction, and caused women to construe leading more as an attractive goal than a duty. In contrast, positive leader identity directly affected women’s motivation to lead, but did not reduce their identity conflict. Overall, these results emphasize the protective role of women’s positive gender identity for their advancement in organizations and leader identity development.

People are rewarded for how they behave, but what do middle managers get for their behavior at work? In this article, we draw upon socioanalytic and role theories to linking competencies, personality, and organizational rewards among a sample of middle managers. The goals of this study were (a) to identify a motive-based competency structure and (b) to understand the antecedents and consequences of these motive-based dimensions. We found that a three-factor structure formed by “achievement,” “power,” and “affiliation” fit our data well. Each of the three dimensions showed a distinct pattern of personality correlates. Power was found to have the strongest impact on organizational rewards. Our results further suggested that personality impacts organizational rewards mainly through the motive-based dimensions. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.

Objective. Autoimmune diseases often have susceptibility genes in common, indicating similar molecular mechanisms. Increasing evidence suggests that rs6822844 at the IL2-IL21 region is strongly associated with multiple autoimmune diseases in individuals of European descent. This study was undertaken to attempt to replicate the association between rs6822844 and 6 different immune-mediated diseases in non-European populations, and to perform disease-specific and overall meta-analyses using data from previously published studies. Methods. We evaluated case-control associations between rs6822844 and celiac disease (CD) in subjects from Argentina; rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in subjects from Colombia; and Behçet's disease (BD) in subjects from Turkey. Allele and gene distributions were compared between cases and controls. Meta-analyses were performed using data from the present study and previous studies. Results. We detected significant associations of rs6822844 with SLE (P = 0.008), type 1 DM(P = 0.014), RA (P = 0.019), and primary SS (P = 0.033) but not with BD (P = 0.34) or CD (P = 0.98). We identified little evidence of population differentiation (FST = 0.01) within cases and controls from Argentina and Colombia, suggesting that association was not influenced by population substructure. Disease-specific meta-analysis indicated significant association for RA (Pmeta = 3.61 × 10-6), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) (Pmeta = 3.48 × 10-12), type 1 DM (Pmeta = 5.33 × 10-5), and CD (Pmeta = 5.30 × 10-3). Overall meta-analysis across all autoimmune diseases reinforced association with rs6822844 (23 data sets; Pmeta = 2.61 × 10-25, odds ratio 0.73 [95% confidence interval 0.69-0.78]). Conclusion. Our results indicate that there is an association between rs6822844 and multiple autoimmune diseases in non-European populations. Metaanalysis results strongly reinforce this robust association across multiple autoimmune diseases in both European-derived and non-European populations. Fil: Maiti, Amit K.. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Estados Unidos Fil: Kim Howard, Xana. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Estados Unidos Fil: Viswanathan, Parvathi. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Estados Unidos Fil: Guillen, Laura Cristina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Rojas Villarraga, Adriana. Universidad del Rosario; Colombia Fil: Deshmukh, Harshal. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Estados Unidos Fil: Direskeneli, Haner. Marmara University; Turquía Fil: Saruhan Direskeneli, Güher. Istanbul University; Turquía Fil: Cañas, Carlos. Fundación Valle del Lili; Colombia Fil: Tobón, Gabriel J.. Fundación Valle del Lili; Colombia Fil: Sawalha, Amr H.. University of Oklahoma; Estados Unidos Fil: Cherñavsky, Alejandra Claudia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Anaya, Juan Manuel. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Estados Unidos Fil: Nath, Swapan K.. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Estados Unidos

Contains fulltext : 99945.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) The concept of social capital has become very popular but its definition and measurement are still rather unclear. We frame our study in one of its components, social participation. In this article we develop an optimal measure for social participation based on the questions asked in the first round of the European Social Survey. Our analyses suggest that a distinction has to be made between informal and formal participation because they relate very differently to other variables such as age, education, political action and happiness. We also found that these two types of participation had hardly any relationship with other important components of the social capital construct, such as social trust and political trust. The latter result does not devalue the validity of the developed indices for informal and formal participation but suggests that participation and trust should be considered formative indicators of social capital.

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to address the predictive validity of the behavioral approach of EI by Boyatzis and Goleman. There are two research questions guiding this study: emotional and social competencies are positively and significantly related with job performance; and emotional and social competencies will be more successful in predicting performance than universal personality dimensions, like the Big Five personality traits.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the data of three medium‐sized Spanish organizations (n=223) that were involved in a competency management project based on emotional and social competencies. SPSS and structural modeling techniques available in the SEM program LISREL 8.51 software are used to enter the empirical analyses of the paper.FindingsResults show that emotional competencies and personality traits are valuable predictors of job performance as measured by the nominations procedure in the study. In addition, competencies seem to be more powerful predictors of performance than global personality traits.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size is small.Practical implicationsThe paper will provide reflective practitioners with useful conceptual and developmental handles for emotional competencies within organizations.Originality/valueThe paper helps to build a body of research that contributes to overcoming the paucity of evidence for the predictive validity of EI measures claimed by many authors.

Personality and behavioural assessment are common practice in research and applications throughout the world. Most of this research has been in English-speaking countries. Relatively little work has been done in cross-cultural settings to study the nature of response scale. Familiarity with an 11-point response scale in European countries may affect the reliability of questionnaire responses. In Spain, with mainly European MBA students, results show that an 11-point scale provides composites with greater reliability, validity and less invalidity, than the commonly used 5-point scale.

It is increasingly recognized that team diversity with respect to various social categories (e.g., gender, race) does not automatically result in the cognitive activation of these categories (i.e ., categorization salience), and that factors influencing this relationship are important for the effects of diversity. Thus, it is a methodological problem that no measurement technique is available to measure categorization salience in a way that efficiently applies to multiple dimensions of diversity in multiple combinations. Based on insights from artificial intelligence research, we propose a technique to capture the salience of different social categorizations in teams that does not prime the salience of these categories. We illustrate the importance of such measurement by showing how it may be used to distinguish among diversity-blind responses (low categorization salience), multicultural responses (positive responses to categorization salience), and intergroup-biased responses (negative responses to categorization salience) in a study of gender and race diversity and the gender by race faultline in 38 manufacturing teams comprising 239 members.

Individuals feel authentic when they believe they act consistently with their values. However, others do not necessarily see such individuals as authentic. We explore the gap between felt and perceived authenticity and suggest that individuals’ prosocial orientation determines, jointly with felt authenticity, the extent to which they are perceived as authentic.We hypothesize that to be seen as authentic, one cannot deviate from universally accepted self-transcendence values by showing little prosocial concern. When that happens, felt authenticity paradoxically reduces the extent to which the individual is perceived as authentic because it signals the deviance from prosocial values is genuine. Consequently, the individual is liked less and, ultimately, seen as less effective at work.The data collected at a large private organization showed that, as we predicted, felt authenticity was detrimental for individuals with low prosocial orientation such that they were perceived as less authentic, liked less, and received lower job performance evaluations. However, felt authenticity did not affect social outcomes for individuals with high prosocial orientation.Our results suggest that universal self-transcendence values play a fundamental role in determining authenticity perceptions. When one’s behavior is inconsistent with universally accepted values, individual authenticity becomes a social liability.

Most questionnaires used for managerial purposes have been developed in Anglo-Saxon countries and then adapted for other cultures. However, this process is controversial. This paper fills the gap for more culturally sensitive assessment instruments in the specific field of human resources while also addressing the methodological issues that scientists and practitioners face in the development of questionnaires. First, we present the development process of a Personal and Motive-based competencies questionnaire targeted to Spanish-speaking countries. Second, we address the validation process by guiding the reader through testing the questionnaire construct validity. We performed two studies: a first study with 274 experts and practitioners of competency development and a definitive study with 482 members of the general public. Our results support a model of nineteen competencies grouped into four higher-order factors. To assure valid construct comparisons we have tested the factorial invariance of gender and work experience. Subsequent analysis have found that women self-rate themselves significantly higher than men on only two of the nineteen competencies, empathy (p < .001) and service orientation (p < .05). The effect of work experience was significant in twelve competencies (p < .001), in which less experienced workers self-rate higher than experienced workers. Finally, we derive theoretical and practical implications.

the triathlon is an endurance sport and individual that consists of three different disciplines: swimming, cycling and running. The aim of the study was to describe and analyze the anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype in male college triathletes.observational and descriptive study of anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype of 39 male college athletes from 24 ± 4,5 years, participants in the championship of Spain university triathlon sprint mode (Alicante 2010), from different universities Spanish. According to anthropometric measurement techniques adopted by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) and the Spanish Group Cineantropometría (GREC) by an accredited assessor ISAK Level II.we find athletes of stunting, where you destacanvalores below normal in the subscapularis, supraspinatus, triceps and biceps skinfold, percentage of muscle mass (45.27 ± 3.29%) and fat mass (10.22 ± 2.92%) and bone (16.65 ± 1.34%) and where mesomorphy somatotipo predominates.the triathletes and runners have lower size that cyclists and swimmers. Triathletes and cyclists show a similar weight, less than swimmers line, and more than 10km runners. Iliac crest skinfold, abdominal and thigh front cyclists are less than triathletes. The percentage of fat mass of runners triathletes and swimmers are similar, however the muscle mass of athletes usually less than cyclists but similar to other forms. Somatotype resembles triathlete cyclist (mesomorph). The corridor is ectomorph and mesomorph-swimmer can range from a ectomorph mesomorph.Introducción: el triatlón es un deporte de resistencia e individual que está formado por tres disciplinas diferentes: natación, ciclismo y carrera a pie. El objetivo del estudio es describir las características antropométricas en triatletas varones universitarios, además de analizar y describir la composición corporal y el somatotipo de dichos triatletas. Metodología: estudio observacional y descriptivo de las características antropométricas, la composición corporal y el somatotipo de 39 triatletas varones universitarios entre 24 ± 4,5 años, participantes en el campeonato de España universitario de triatlón, modalidad sprint (Alicante 2010), procedentes de diferentes universidades españolas. Según la técnicas de medición antropométrica adoptadas por la International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) y el Grupo Español de Cineantropometría (GREC) por un evaluador acreditado ISAK de nivel II. Resultados: nos encontramos con deportistas de talla baja, en los que destacan valores inferiores a lo normal en los pliegues cutáneos subescapular, supraespinal, tricipital y bicipital, un porcentaje de masa muscular (45,27 ± 3,29%), de masa grasa (10,22 ± 2,92%) y de masa ósea (16,65 ± 1,34%) y un somatotipo en el que predomina la mesomorfia. Discusión: los triatletas y corredores presentan más baja talla que los ciclistas y nadadores. Los triatletas y ciclistas muestran un peso similar, siendo menor que el de los nadadores de fondo y mayor que el de los corredores de 10 km. Los pliegues cutáneos cresta ilíaca, abdominal y muslo frontal de los ciclistas son inferiores al de los triatletas. El porcentaje de masa grasa de triatletas corredores y nadadores son similares; sin embargo, el de la masa muscular de los triatletas suele ser inferior al de los ciclistas pero similar a las demás modalidades. El somatotipo del triatleta se asemeja al del ciclista (mesomorfo). El del corredor es mesomorfo-ectomorfo y el del nadador puede oscilar de mesomorfo a ectomorfo.

Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas. Facultad de Biología. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología. Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that affects to more than 8 million people worldwide every year. The World Health Organization (WHO) has included within de Millenium Development Goals to reverse the global incidence of tuberculosis by 2015. In order to reach this objective and to support the epidemiological strategies, some molecular tools have been developed. This tools allow identify each isolate of the causal agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis and detect true outbreaks, mixed infections, reinfection or relapse of a case, as well as describe the M. tuberculosis population that prevail in a region. Mexico reports more than 20,000 new cases each year. The incidence rate in each state spans from 3.9 to 54.1 cases for each 100,000 inhabitants. Michoacán has one of the lower rates (6.6/100,000inhab), suggesting that tuberculosis is a controlled disease. However, there is not any detailed epidemiological study that allows assessing if tuberculosis is indeed controlled. Neither the molecular tools have been used regionally in order to characterize the behavior of regional M. tuberculosis isolates. Because of this, the main objectives of this work were to characterize the epidemiological behavior of human tuberculosis in Michoacán and type M. tuberculosis clinical isolates by molecular tools, providing guidance to improve Public Health policies and the development of further regional research projects in these subjects. La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa que afecta a más de 8 millones de personas en todo el mundo cada año. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha incluido entre los Objetivos del Milenio el revertir el alza en la incidencia a nivel global para el año 2015. Para lograr este objetivo y apoyar a las estrategias epidemiológicas se han desarrollado herramientas genético-moleculares que permiten identificar cada aislado del agente causal de la enfermedad, Mycobacterium tuberculosis y detectar casos pertenecientes a brotes verdaderos, detectar infecciones mixtas, casos de reinfección y de reactivación, así como caracterizar la población de M. tuberculosis predominante en una región. Nuestro país reporta más de 20,000 casos anuales. Los valores de tasa de incidencia estatales varían de 3.9 a 54.1 casos por cada 100,000 habitantes, siendo Michoacán uno de los estados con menor tasa (6.6/100,000hab), lo que indicaría un eficiente contro de la enfermedad en la entidad. Sin embargo, no existe ningún perfil epidemiólogico detallado que permita evaluar si efectivamente la tuberculosis está controlada en el estado. Tampoco se han utilizado herramientas genético moleculares que permitan la caracterización de los aislados regionales de M. tuberculosis y su comportamiento en el estado. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar el comportamiento epidemiológico de la tuberculosis humana en el estado de Michoacán y tipificar genéticamente aislados del complejo M. tuberculosis de casos clínicos, de manera que esta información permita evaluar y guiar la aplicación de políticas de Salud Públicas, al tiempo que sienta las bases de un trabajo más detallado en el estudio de dinámica de la población local de M. tuberculosis.

Status-seeking behaviors are linked to executive career progression, but do leaders appreciate being surrounded by followers eager to move up in the organizational hierarchy? Building on the self-enhancement theory, we propose that leaders with high self-assessed getting-ahead behaviors give better performance evaluations to subordinates who also have willingness to get ahead behaviors. In contrast, leaders with low self-assessed getting-ahead behaviors are quite reserved about the performance of subordinates high in the getting-ahead dimension. We also propose that overall, ambitious leaders evaluate more positively their followers’ performance than leaders with more modest desire to get ahead. We suggest that this effect is magnified when the status differential between the leader and the follower is reduced due to differences in age or hierarchical level (i.e., a younger leader or too few hierarchical levels between the leader and the subordinate). The results obtained by using polynomial regression and response surface techniques to analyze a sample of 138 leader-follower dyads supported our hypotheses showing a supervisor’s contextual performance ratings skew rooted in leaders’ desire to get ahead. We conclude by deriving the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

Drawing on identity and social comparison theories, we propose and test a model of motivation to lead based on two types of self-to-role comparisons (i.e., self-comparisons with specific leaders and with more abstract representations of the leadership role). We propose that these comparisons imply different identity verification purposes and have different consequences on the motivation of individuals. The results obtained by using structural equation models and response surface techniques among a sample of 180 executives support our predictions. We hypothesize and find that a perceived similarity with a significant leader has a positive effect on the motivation to lead and that this relationship is mediated by self-efficacy perceptions. We also find that the affective, but not the social-normative component, is higher when there is self-role congruence with respect to leadership dimensions such as “power” and “affiliation”. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for leadership and the subjective fit at work.

Leadership effectiveness can be divided into two broad categories that include getting along behaviors (teamwork and empowerment of others) and/or getting ahead behaviors (visioning, energizing, designing and rewarding). This study examines the effects of emotional intelligence on getting along and getting ahead leadership behaviors at work. Results from an analysis of a dataset derived from a 360° leadership behavior survey completed by 929 managers indicated that emotional intelligence has a significant effect on collaborative behaviors at work, and collaborative behaviors directly affect the inspirational side of leadership performance. Further, getting along behaviors were found to fully mediate the relationship between emotional intelligence and getting ahead behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Drawing on identity and social comparison theories, we propose and test a model of motivation to lead based on two types of self-to-role comparisons (i.e., self-comparisons with specific leaders and with more abstract representations of the leadership role). We propose that these comparisons imply different identity verification purposes and have different consequences on the motivation of individuals. The results obtained by using structural equation models and response surface techniques among a sample of 180 executives support our predictions. We hypothesize and find that a perceived similarity with a significant leader has a positive effect on the motivation to lead and that this relationship is mediated by self-efficacy perceptions. We also find that the affective, but not the social-normative component, is higher when there is self-role congruence with respect to leadership dimensions such as “power” and “affiliation”. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for leadership and the subjective fit at work.

This paper focuses on women leaders’ self-views linked to their gender and leader identities. In particular, we examine the antecedents and psychological and motivational consequences of identity conflict, which occurs when women leaders perceive an incongruity between their gender and professional identities. Applying structural equation modeling techniques on a large sample of women leaders who represent a diverse range of countries and industries, we found that consistent with our hypotheses, women leaders’ identity conflict increased stress, lowered their life satisfaction, and caused them to construe leading as a duty as opposed to an attractive goal. As for the antecedents, our results emphasize the importance of holding a positive gender identity. We found that positive gender identity reduced identity conflict of women leaders. Moreover, compared with women in more male-dominated organizations, women in organizations with proportionally more women held a more positive gender identity and experienced less identity conflict. In contrast, positive leader identity was not related to women leaders’ identity conflict, while leadership experience directly reduced the conflict. We discuss the implications of our results for women’s advancement in organizations and the development of their identity as leaders.

11 páginas.-- et al., Interleukin (IL)-15 and CD30 may be associated with the ongoing intestinal immunologic activation in celiac disease (CD). We studied duodenal biopsies and blood samples of patients with active CD (Cel) and controls in order to determine the regulatory role proposed for CD30+ T cells in this Th1-driven disease and the potential influences of IL-15 on CD30 expression. We detected that a CD30+ T-cell subpopulation persists longer in Cel after a 5 day incubation with anti-CD3 antibody than in controls (p = 0.0063). CD30 upregulation by IL-15 in T blasts was greater in Cel than in controls (p = 0.0062). At the mucosal compartment, the CD30 antigen was examined by immunohistochemistry and quantified on isolated lamina propria (LP) and epithelial T cells by flow cytometry. For Cel and controls, similar mean percentages of CD3+CD30+ intraepithelial T cells (5.88 vs. 5.51, p = ns) and LP T cells (7.38 vs. 7.49, p = ns) were observed at baseline and after in vitro gliadin challenge of duodenal biopsy samples. Our study demonstrates the occurrence of potentially important alterations of the immune response at the peripheral compartment. Our findings also allow us to speculate that a negative effect of soluble mediators at the mucosal compartment might counteract the latent influence of IL-15 on CD30 expression precluding a more severe course of active CD.

A young Zen student approached his teacher, and asked, “If I work very hard and conscientiously, how long will it take for me to find Zen?” The master thought hard, then replied, “Ten years.” The student said, “But what if I work very, very hard and really apply myself to learn fast—how long will it then take?” “Well, in that case,” said the master, “it will take 20 years.” “But, if I really, really work at it. How long would it take then?” “Thirty years,” replied the master. “But, master, I do not understand,” said the confused student. “Each time I say I will work harder, you say it will take me longer. Why is that?” “Because,” replied the Zen master, “when you have one eye on the goal, you only have one eye on the path.”

Objectives. Recently, a non-synonymous (Gly307Ser) variant, rs763361, in the CD226 gene was shown to be associated with multiple autoimmune diseases (ADs) in European Caucasian populations. However, shared autoimmunity with CD226 has not been evaluated in non-European populations. The aim of the present study is to assess the association of this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with ADs in non-European populations. Methods. To replicate this association in non-European populations, we evaluated case-control association between rs763361 and coeliac disease (CED) samples from Argentina; SLE, RA, type-1 diabetes (T1D) and primary SS (pSS) from Colombia; and SLE samples from China and Japan. We genotyped rs763361 and evaluated its genetic association with multiple ADs, using ?2-test. For each association, odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated. Results. We show that rs763361 is significantly associated with Argentinean CED (P = 0.0009, OR= 1.60). We also observed a trend of possible association with Chinese SLE (P = 0.01, OR= 1.19), RA (P = 0.047, OR= 1.25), SLE (P = 0.0899, OR= 1.24) and pSS (P = 0.09, OR= 1.33) in Colombians. Meta-analyses for SLE (using our three populations) and T1D (our population and three published populations) yielded significant association with rs763361, P = 0.009 (OR = 1.16) and P = 1.1.46×10-9 (OR = 1.14), respectively. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that the coding variant rs763361 in CD226 gene is associated with multiple ADs in non-European populations. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Group executive coaching (GEC) is a way for individuals to witness and explore contemporary leadership issues in a safe and supervised arena. It has the potential to accelerate awareness, behavioral shifts, and results relating to a leader’s development. The group context can act as a microcosm of an organization and the interplay of its numerous human dynamics. The trust and support engendered within the group cohorts can open participants to new possibilities, perspectives, and learning that tend to take much longer in the normal work environment. Group coaching can accelerate the pace at which executives explore and assimilate the issues necessary for them to become effective global leaders.