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1. Postgraduate education in radiation oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic – What did we learn?

Author

Jesper Grau Eriksen, Luca Boldrini, Eduard Gershkevitsh, Matthias Guckenberger, Uulke van der Heide, Ben Heijmen, Mike Joiner, Remi Nout, Martin Pruschy, Coen Rasch, Li Tee Tan, Dirk Verellen, Marie-Catherine Vozenin, Miika Palmu, Laura La Porta, and Chiara Gasparotto

Subjects
Online education, ESTRO, COVID-19, Adult education, Radiotherapy, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic the ESTRO School who provides international non-profit postgraduate education in Radiation Oncology and related disciplines, including Medical Physics and Radiation Technology, had to close down all live educational activities and turn online, although having only limited experience. The paper describes the experience, discusses the limitations and benefits of online education and suggests directions for the future. Materials and methods: Data about format and feedback from attendees and faculty members from the course activities held in 2019, 2020 and 2021 were made available from the ESTRO School. Results: In 2020, all but two out of thirty live courses that happened before the lockdown were canceled. Among the 18 courses scheduled in the second half of the year, seven went online with a short notice. Each course planned their activities quite differently, from compressed courses with consecutive full days online program to courses over several weeks with a few hours online a week. Both numbers of participants and different nationalities were higher than live courses in 2019 for the seven courses happening online, and courses were well evaluated by participants and faculties. Roughly-one-third of participants would prefer online courses in the future. Discussion: Although online education was well received by the majority, pros and cons exist and especially the personal discussions and networking were missed. Online education and live education are not comparable but can complement each other. Careful balancing these activities in the future is important and strategies for online andragogy are needed.

Published
2022
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2. Position determination of the Chang’e 3 lander with geodetic VLBI

Author

Grzegorz Klopotek, Thomas Hobiger, Rüdiger Haas, Frédéric Jaron, Laura La Porta, Axel Nothnagel, Zhongkai Zhang, Songtao Han, Alexander Neidhardt, and Christian Plötz

Subjects
Moon, Geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry, c5++, Chang’e 3, OCEL, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Geodesy, QB275-343, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Abstract We present results from the analysis of observations of the Chang’e 3 lander using geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry. The applied processing strategy as well as the limiting factors to our approach is discussed. We highlight the current precision of such observations and the accuracy of the estimated lunar-based parameters, i.e., the lunar lander’s Moon-fixed coordinates. Our result for the position of the lander is $$44.1219{3}^\circ \hbox {N}$$ 44.12193∘N , $$-\,19.511{59}^\circ \hbox {E}$$ -19.51159∘E and $$-\,263{7.3}$$ -2637.3 m, with horizontal position uncertainties on the lunar surface of 8.9 m and 4.5 m in latitude and longitude, respectively. This result is in good agreement with the position derived from images taken by the Narrow Angle Camera of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Finally, we discuss potential improvements to our approach, which could be used to apply the presented concept to high-precision lunar positioning and studies of the Moon.

Published
2019
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3. Initial Results Obtained with the First TWIN VLBI Radio Telescope at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell

Author

Torben Schüler, Gerhard Kronschnabl, Christian Plötz, Alexander Neidhardt, Alessandra Bertarini, Simone Bernhart, Laura la Porta, Sebastian Halsig, and Axel Nothnagel

Subjects
Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS), Geodetic Observatory Wettzell, TWIN Telescopes Wettzell, VLBI correlation, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) uses radio telescopes as sensor networks to determine Earth orientation parameters and baseline vectors between the telescopes. The TWIN Telescope Wettzell 1 (TTW1), the first of the new 13.2 m diameter telescope pair at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell, Germany, is currently in its commissioning phase. The technology behind this radio telescope including the receiving system and the tri-band feed horn is depicted. Since VLBI telescopes must operate at least in pairs, the existing 20 m diameter Radio Telescope Wettzell (RTW) is used together with TTW1 for practical tests. In addition, selected long baseline setups are investigated. Correlation results portraying the data quality achieved during first initial experiments are discussed. Finally, the local 123 m baseline between the old RTW telescope and the new TTW1 is analyzed and compared with an existing high-precision local survey. Our initial results are very satisfactory for X-band group delays featuring a 3D distance agreement between VLBI data analysis and local ties of 1 to 2 mm in the majority of the experiments. However, S-band data, which suffer much from local radio interference due to WiFi and mobile communications, are about 10 times less precise than X-band data and require further analysis, but evidence is provided that S-band data are well-usable over long baselines where local radio interference patterns decorrelate.

Published
2015
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4. ENMAP Operations Status.

Author

Emiliano Carmona, Sabine Chabrillat, Sebastian Fischer 0003, Martin Habermeyer, Laura la Porta, Helmut Mühle, Nicole Pinnel, Miguel Pato, and Katrin Wirth

Published
2024
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6. The EnMAP imaging spectroscopy mission towards operations

Author

Tobias Storch, Hans-Peter Honold, Sabine Chabrillat, Martin Habermeyer, Paul Tucker, Maximilian Brell, Andreas Ohndorf, Katrin Wirth, Matthias Betz, Michael Kuchler, Helmut Mühle, Emiliano Carmona, Simon Baur, Martin Mücke, Sebastian Löw, Daniel Schulze, Steffen Zimmermann, Christoph Lenzen, Sebastian Wiesner, Saika Aida, Ralph Kahle, Peter Willburger, Sebastian Hartung, Daniele Dietrich, Nicolae Plesia, Mirco Tegler, Katharina Schork, Kevin Alonso, David Marshall, Birgit Gerasch, Peter Schwind, Miguel Pato, Mathias Schneider, Raquel de los Reyes, Maximilian Langheinrich, Julian Wenzel, Martin Bachmann, Stefanie Holzwarth, Nicole Pinnel, Luis Guanter, Karl Segl, Daniel Scheffler, Saskia Foerster, Niklas Bohn, Astrid Bracher, Mariana A. Soppa, Ferran Gascon, Rob Green, Raymond Kokaly, Jose Moreno, Cindy Ong, Manuela Sornig, Ricarda Wernitz, Klaus Bagschik, Detlef Reintsema, Laura La Porta, Anke Schickling, and Sebastian Fischer

Subjects
Data quality assessments and independent product validations, Satellite mission operations, EnMAP, Soil Science, Geology, Calibrations, Computers in Earth Sciences, Image processors, Imaging spectroscopy, HySpex
Published
2023
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7. Initial Results Obtained with the First TWIN VLBI Radio Telescope at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell

Author

Christian Plötz, Gerhard Kronschnabl, A. Bertarini, S. Bernhart, Torben Schüler, Alexander Neidhardt, Axel Nothnagel, Sebastian Halsig, and Laura La Porta

Subjects
Feed horn, lcsh:Chemical technology, Biochemistry, Electromagnetic interference, Article, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Radio telescope, Telescope, TWIN Telescopes Wettzell, law, Observatory, Very-long-baseline interferometry, VLBI correlation, Geodetic Observatory Wettzell, lcsh:TP1-1185, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Baseline (configuration management), Instrumentation, Remote sensing, Geodetic datum, Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, ddc, VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS), Geology
Abstract

Geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) uses radio telescopes as sensor networks to determine Earth orientation parameters and baseline vectors between the telescopes. The TWIN Telescope Wettzell 1 (TTW1), the first of the new 13.2 m diameter telescope pair at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell, Germany, is currently in its commissioning phase. The technology behind this radio telescope including the receiving system and the tri-band feed horn is depicted. Since VLBI telescopes must operate at least in pairs, the existing 20 m diameter Radio Telescope Wettzell (RTW) is used together with TTW1 for practical tests. In addition, selected long baseline setups are investigated. Correlation results portraying the data quality achieved during first initial experiments are discussed. Finally, the local 123 m baseline between the old RTW telescope and the new TTW1 is analyzed and compared with an existing high-precision local survey. Our initial results are very satisfactory for X-band group delays featuring a 3D distance agreement between VLBI data analysis and local ties of 1 to 2 mm in the majority of the experiments. However, S-band data, which suffer much from local radio interference due to WiFi and mobile communications, are about 10 times less precise than X-band data and require further analysis, but evidence is provided that S-band data are well-usable over long baselines where local radio interference patterns decorrelate.

Published
2015

8. Scheduling Scenarios for VLBI Observations of Satellites

Author

Axel Nothnagel, Judith Leek, Laura La Porta, and Thomas Artz

Subjects
Geography, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Global network, Geostationary orbit, Satellite, Covariance, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Scheduling (procedure), Remote sensing, Scheduling (computing)
Abstract

In this paper, a methodology for automatic scheduling of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations of satellites is presented and first scheduling approaches are investigated. For this investigation the orbit of a geostationary satellite has been chosen, but, the methodology has also been successfully applied to an orbit of a Global Navigation Satellite Systems satellite. A scheduling procedure based on covariance optimization is developed and observations are simulated. In contrast to other simulation studies for a dedicated VLBI satellite mission, we are performing a scheduling process where observations of quasars and satellites are considered being equally important. Thus, the satellites are consistently included into a VLBI experiment. To validate the individual schedules, simplistic daily constant orbit shifts are estimated and analyzed. In this way, the necessary time between two subsequent satellite observations and the geometry of the observing network are investigated. Taking into account all circumstances, large global networks are the best option for estimating orbit shifts. Such a configuration leads to a large number of observations and a good observing geometry for the orbit. For a geostationary satellite, it is sufficient to carry out only one observation per hour or even longer. However, the presented results are only valid for the estimation of orbit shifts. Various improvements of these initial investigations are imaginable, e.g., considering orbit parameters within the scheduling process or estimating realistic orbit parameters.

Published
2015
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9. The IVS data input to ITRF2014

Author

Axel Nothnagel, Walter Alef, Jun Amagai, Per Helge Andersen, James Anderson, Tatiana Andreeva, Thomas Artz, Sabine Bachmann, Kyriakos Balidakis, Christophe Barache, Alain Baudry, Erhard Bauernfeind, Karen Baver, Christopher Beaudoin, Dirk Behrend, Antoine Bellanger, Anton Berdnikov, Per Bergman, Simone Bernhart, Alessandra Bertarini, Giuseppe Bianco, Ewald Bielmaier, David Boboltz, Johannes Böhm, Sigrid Böhm, Armin Boer, Sergei Bolotin, Mireille Bougeard, Geraldine Bourda, Sylvain Brazeau, Salvo Buttaccio, Letizia Cannizzaro, Roger Cappallo, Brent Carlson, Merri Sue Carter, Patrick Charlot, Chenyu Chen, Maozheng Chen, Jungho Cho, Thomas Clark, Arnaud Collioud, Francisco Colomer, Giuseppe Colucci, Ludwig Combrinck, John Conway, Brian Corey, Ronald Curtis, Mike Daniels, Reiner Dassing, Maria Davis, Pablo de-Vicente, Aletha De Witt, Alexey Diakov, John Dickey, Christopher Dieck, Irv Diegel, Koichiro Doi, Hermann Drewes, Maurice Dube, Gunnar Elgered, Gerald Engelhardt, Mark Evangelista, Qingyuan Fan, Stephen Farley, Leonid Fedotov, Alan Fey, Ricardo Figueroa, Yoshihiro Fukuzaki, Daniel Gambis, Susana Garcia-Espada, Ralph Gaume, Nicole Geiger, John Gipson, Susanne Glaser, Frank Gomez, Jesus Gomez-Gonzalez, David Gordon, Ramesh Govind, Vadim Gubanov, Sergei Gulyaev, Ruediger Haas, David Hall, Sebastian Halsig, Roger Hammargren, Hayo Hase, R. Heinkelmann, Leif Helldner, Cristian Herrera, Ed Himwich, Thomas Hobiger, Christoph Holst, Xiaoyu Hong, Mareki Honma, Xinyong Huang, Urs Hugentobler, Ryuichi Ichikawa, Andreas Iddink, Johannes Ihde, Gennadiy Ilijin, Roxanne Inniss, Alexander Ipatov, Irina Ipatova, Misao Ishihara, D. V. Ivanov, Chris Jacobs, Takaaki Jike, Karl-Ake Johansson, Heidi Johnson, Kenneth Johnston, Hyunhee Ju, Masao Karasawa, Maria Karbon, Pierre Kaufmann, Ryoji Kawabata, Noriyuki Kawaguchi, Eiji Kawai, Michael Kaydanovsky, Mikhail Kharinov, Hideyuki Kobayashi, Kensuke Kokado, Tetsuro Kondo, Edward Korkin, Yasuhiro Koyama, Hana Krasna, Gerhard Kronschnabl, Sergey Kurdubov, Shinobu Kurihara, Jiro Kuroda, Younghee Kwak, Laura La Porta, Ruth Labelle, Jacques LaFrance, Doug Lamb, Sébastien Lambert, Line Langkaas, Roberto Lanotte, Alexey Lavrov, Karine Le Bail, Judith Leek, Bing Li, Huihua Li, Jinling Li, Liu Li, Shiguang Liang, Michael Lindqvist, Xiang Liu, Michael Loesler, Jim Long, Colin Lonsdale, Jim Lovell, Stephen Lowe, Antonio Lucena, Brian Luzum, Chopo Ma, Jun Ma, Giuseppe Maccaferri, Morito Machida, Dan MacMillan, Matthias Madzak, Zinovy Malkin, Seiji Manabe, Franco Mantovani, Vyacheslav Mardyshkin, Dmitry Marshalov, Geir Mathiassen, Shigeru Matsuzaka, Dennis McCarthy, Alexey Melnikov, Linda Messerschmitt, Andrey Mikhailov, Natalia Miller, Donald Mitchell, Julian Andres Mora-Diaz, Arno Mueskens, Yasuko Mukai, Mauro Nanni, Tim Natusch, Monia Negusini, Alexander Neidhardt, Marisa Nickola, George Nicolson, Arthur Niell, Pavel Nikitin, Tobias Nilsson, Tong Ning, Takashi Nishikawa, Carey Noll, Kentarou Nozawa, Clement Ogaja, Hongjong Oh, Hans Olofsson, Per Erik Opseth, Sandro Orfei, Rosa Pacione, Katherine Pazamickas, Felipe Pedreros, William Petrachenko, Lars Pettersson, Pedro Pino, Lucia Plank, Christian Ploetz, Michael Poirier, Joseph Popelar, Markku Poutanen, Zhihan Qian, Jonathan Quick, Ismail Rahimov, Jay Redmond, Brett Reid, John Reynolds, Bernd Richter, Maria Rioja, Andres Romero-Wolf, Chester Ruszczyk, Alexander Salnikov, Pierguido Sarti, Raimund Schatz, Hans-Georg Scherneck, Francesco Schiavone, Ralf Schmid, Ulrich Schreiber, H. Schuh, Walter Schwarz, Cecilia Sciarretta, Anthony Searle, Mamoru Sekido, Manuela Seitz, Stanislav Shabala, Minghui Shao, Kazuo Shibuya, Fengchun Shu, Moritz Sieber, Asmund Skjaeveland, Elena Skurikhina, Sergey Smolentsev, Dan Smythe, Benedikt Soja, Adeildo Sombra, Don Sousa, Ojars Sovers, John Spitzak, Laura Stanford, Carlo Stanghellini, Alan Steppe, Rich Strand, Jing Sun, Igor Surkis, Kazuhiro Takashima, Kazuhiro Takefuji, Hiroshi Takiguchi, Yoshiaki Tamura, Tadashi Tanabe, Emine Tanir, An Tao, Claudio Tateyama, Kamil Teke, Cynthia Thomas, Volkmar Thorandt, Bruce Thornton, Claudia Tierno Ros, Oleg Titov, Mike Titus, Paolo Tomasi, Vincenza Tornatore, Corrado Trigilio, Dmitriy Trofimov, Masanori Tsutsumi, Gino Tuccari, Tasso Tzioumis, Hideki Ujihara, Dieter Ullrich, Minttu Uunila, Daniel Veillette, Tiziana Venturi, Francesco Vespe, Veniamin Vityazev, Alexandr Volvach, Alexander Vytnov, Guangli Wang, Jinqing Wang, Lingling Wang, Na Wang, Shiqiang Wang, Wenren Wei, Stuart Weston, Alan Whitney, Reiner Wojdziak, Yaroslav Yatskiv, Wenjun Yang, Shuhua Ye, Sangoh Yi, Aili Yusup, Octavio Zapata, Reinhard Zeitlhoefler, Hua Zhang, Ming Zhang, Xiuzhong Zhang, Rongbing Zhao, Weimin Zheng, Ruixian Zhou, and Nataliya Zubko

Published
2015

10. An observational test for correlations between cosmic rays and magnetic fields

Author

Rainer Beck, Rodion Stepanov, Fatemeh Tabatabaei, Andrew Fletcher, Anvar Shukurov, and Laura La Porta

Subjects
Physics, Number density, Magnetic energy, Milky Way, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Synchrotron, law.invention, Magnetic field, Space and Planetary Science, law, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Faraday cage, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We derive the magnitude of fluctuations in total synchrotron intensity in the Milky Way and M33, from both observations and theory under various assumption about the relation between cosmic rays and interstellar magnetic fields. Given the relative magnitude of the fluctuations in the Galactic magnetic field (the ratio of the rms fluctuations to the mean magnetic field strength) suggested by Faraday rotation and synchrotron polarization, the observations are inconsistent with local energy equipartition between cosmic rays and magnetic fields. Our analysis of relative synchrotron intensity fluctuations indicates that the distribution of cosmic rays is nearly uniform at the scales of the order of and exceeding $100\p$, in contrast to strong fluctuations in the interstellar magnetic field at those scales. A conservative upper limit on the ratio of the the fluctuation magnitude in the cosmic ray number density to its mean value is 0.2--0.4 at scales of order 100\,pc. Our results are consistent with a mild anticorrelation between cosmic-ray and magnetic energy densities at these scales, in both the Milky Way and M33. Energy equipartition between cosmic rays and magnetic fields may still hold, but at scales exceeding 1\,kpc. Therefore, we suggest that equipartition estimates be applied to the observed synchrotron intensity smoothed to a linear scale of kiloparsec order (in spiral galaxies) to obtain the cosmic ray distribution and a large-scale magnetic field. Then the resulting cosmic ray distribution can be used to derive the fluctuating magnetic field strength from the data at the original resolution. The resulting random magnetic field is likely to be significantly stronger than existing estimates., Comment: submitted to MNRAS

Published
2012
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