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131 results on '"Laurent Daudeville"'

1. Extending a Macro-Element Approach for the Modeling of 3D Masonry Structures Under Transient Dynamic Loading

Author

Damien Decret, Yann Malecot, Yannick Sieffert, Florent Vieux-Champagne, and Laurent Daudeville

Subjects
3D macro model, finite element method, unreinforced masonry, modal analysis, nonlinear transient dynamics analysis, in-plane and out-of-plane loadings, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Masonry structures, particularly those used in developing countries and in historic buildings, typically consist of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls connected by timber or reinforced concrete elements. This study proposes enhancements to the existing two-dimensional (2D) deformable frame model (DFM) to enhance its ability in simulating masonry walls with a specific focus on accurately predicting the transient dynamic response of three-dimensional (3D) masonry structures while maintaining a minimal number of degrees of freedom (DOF). For the modeling of URM walls, the DFM framework employs elastic beams and diagonal struts with nonlinear constitutive behavior. Structural elements, such as reinforced concrete or timber reinforcements, are represented using conventional beam finite elements. This paper first reviewed the current DFM configuration, which primarily addresses the in-plane (IP) behavior of URM structures. It then introduced modifications tailored for 3D structural analysis. The reliability of the enhanced model was validated through two approaches. First, a modal analysis compared the results from the updated DFM with those from a reference 3D model based on cubic finite elements. Second, a shaking table experiment conducted on a half-scale masonry house was simulated. The findings demonstrate that, despite its limited number of DOF, the updated DFM effectively captures the main natural vibration modes. Furthermore, it shows the model’s ability to predict the nonlinear transient dynamic response of 3D masonry structures with accuracy and limited computational time.

Published
2024
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2. A New Macro-Element for Predicting the Behavior of Masonry Structures under In-Plane Cyclic Loading

Author

Damien Decret, Yann Malecot, Yannick Sieffert, Florent Vieux-Champagne, and Laurent Daudeville

Subjects
macro model, unreinforced masonry, nonlinear analysis, in-plane cyclic loading, finite element method, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

A new macro model for the finite element modeling of unreinforced masonry (URM) exhibiting in-plane nonlinear cyclic behavior is proposed. The ultimate objective is to predict the seismic response of multi-story URM buildings. The macro model enables the modeling of URM shear walls with a limited number of degrees of freedom (DOF) at low computation times. The macro model consists of a deformable elastic frame supported by diagonal struts with nonlinear behavior aiming to capture all dissipative phenomena occurring during seismic events. The nonlinear constitutive behavior of diagonal struts is inspired by models documented in the literature, ensuring a robust foundation for the proposed approach. This paper first provides a comprehensive review of the principal models currently available for URM analysis. It then articulates the rationale behind the development of this new numerical model, aiming to address the limitations encountered in existing methodologies and to offer a simple and fast tool for predicting the seismic behavior of URM buildings. Afterward, the new model is presented and tested with the simulations of two experimental campaigns performed on different URM walls. The comparison between experimental and numerical results shows that with a limited number of DOF and parameters, it is possible to obtain a prediction of the experimental results with satisfying accuracy.

Published
2024
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3. Design and Evaluation of a Deformable Sensor for Interstitial Pore Pressure Measurement in Concrete under Very High Stress Level

Author

Abdallah Accary, Yann Malecot, and Laurent Daudeville

Subjects
pore pressure, sensor, design, experimental method, high confinement, concrete, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Previous studies have shown the strong influence of free water saturation ratio on the triaxial behavior of concrete at high confinement. This influence of the free water is usually attributed to a pore pressure effect. This article presents an experimental method aiming at measuring the pore pressure of free water into concrete samples under very high mean stress. Two types of deformable pressure sensors were designed and tested. The first one works in hydrostatic compression while the second one acts as a flexible membrane. The two sensors give comparable results and show that pore pressure may reach several hundred MPa in saturated concrete sample under a maximum 400 MPa hydrostatic compression. Such levels of pressure may explain the loss of shear strength and increase in volumetric stiffness observed on the macroscopic behavior of concrete due to the presence of free water.

Published
2019
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4. Influence of the Saturation Ratio on Concrete Behavior under Triaxial Compressive Loading

Author

Xuan-Dung Vu, Matthieu Briffaut, Yann Malecot, Laurent Daudeville, and Bertrand Ciree

Subjects
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

When a concrete structure is subjected to an impact, the material is subjected to high triaxial compressive stresses. Furthermore, the water saturation ratio in massive concrete structures may reach nearly 100% at the core, whereas the material dries quickly on the skin. The impact response of a massive concrete wall may thus depend on the state of water saturation in the material. This paper presents some triaxial tests performed at a maximum confining pressure of 600 MPa on concrete representative of a nuclear power plant containment building. Experimental results show the concrete constitutive behavior and its dependence on the water saturation ratio. It is observed that as the degree of saturation increases, a decrease in the volumetric strains as well as in the shear strength is observed. The coupled PRM constitutive model does not accurately reproduce the response of concrete specimens observed during the test. The differences between experimental and numerical results can be explained by both the influence of the saturation state of concrete and the effect of deviatoric stresses, which are not accurately taken into account. The PRM model was modified in order to improve the numerical prediction of concrete behavior under high stresses at various saturation states.

Published
2015
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5. Savoirs traditionnels et connaissances scientifiques pour une réduction de la vulnérabilité de l’habitat rural face aux aléas naturels en Haïti

Author

Annalisa Caimi, Florent Vieux-Champagne, Philippe Garnier, Hubert Guillaud, Olivier Moles, Laurent Daudeville, Yannick Sieffert, and Stéphane Grange

Subjects
Construction cultures, Haiti, Natural hazards, Reconstruction, Rural, Vernacular architecture, Social Sciences
Abstract

Following the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010, observations have demonstrated the relevance of certain traditional building techniques that succeeded in limiting the occupants’ exposure to the risk of severe injury. Identifying and understanding the specificities of existing building structures and know-how provides a starting-point for improving building methods and reinforcing skills in order to reduce the long-term vulnerability of local communities. This paper presents two research works that address, from complementary angles, the issues of building in a risk-prone environment. The first, from the field of architecture, outlines a participatory methodology for analyzing local building practices with a view to developing them and making technical improvements. The second, from an engineering perspective, focuses on an experimental computer-aided scientific study of a building system used for post-earthquake reconstruction.

Published
2013

9. General Consistency of Strong Discontinuity Kinematics in Embedded Finite Element Method (E-FEM) Formulations

Author

Alejandro Ortega Ortega Laborin, Emmanuel Roubin, Laurent Daudeville, Yann Malecot, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )

Subjects
Technology, bepress|Engineering, Computer science, bepress|Engineering|Mechanical Engineering, engrXiv|Engineering|Mechanical Engineering, bepress|Engineering|Mechanical Engineering|Applied Mechanics, embedded strong discontinuity, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Kinematics, E-FEM modelling, 01 natural sciences, Article, finite element enhancement functions, 0203 mechanical engineering, incompatible modes, Robustness (computer science), [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], local fracture modelling, General Materials Science, 0101 mathematics, Microscopy, QC120-168.85, Basis (linear algebra), enhanced finite elements, QH201-278.5, engrXiv|Engineering|Mechanical Engineering|Applied Mechanics, Auxiliary function, [PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Finite element method, TK1-9971, 010101 applied mathematics, Discontinuity (linguistics), 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, engrXiv|Engineering, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, Fracture (geology), Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TA1-2040, Algorithm
Abstract

This paper discusses the consistency of the theoretical basis behind the kinematic models of strong discontinuity methods for local fracture simulations using the Embedded Finite Element Method (E-FEM). A brief review is made on the elemental enhancement functions from the current E-FEM literature and how previous works managed to model mode I (normal) and mode II (parallel) fracture kinematics in multiple dimensions. Further analysis is made on how these approaches also introduce unintended mesh dependencies and basic kinematic inconsistencies of the fracture model with respect to its hosting element. Notable work from a few authors discussing some of these issues and their contributions to resolve them is reviewed as well. Based on this analysis, a new proposal of strong discontinuity enhancement functions is introduced to ensure a broader kinematic coherence within the element and to avoid the observed theoretical faults. This is done by making a more extensive use of the flexibility granted by the Hu-Washizu variational principle and by introducing new algebraic constraints that will ensure more correct fracture kinematics without compromising the acknowledged simplicity of the whole E-FEM framework. Element-level simulations are done to compare the outputs within a group of selected formulation approaches, including the novel proposal. Simulations show that the new element formulation grants a wider level of basic kinematic coherence between the local fracture outputs and element kinematics themselves, demonstrating an increase in robustness that might drive the usefulness and competitiveness of E-FEM techniques for fracture simulations to a higher level.

Published
2021
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10. An analysis of embedded weak discontinuity approaches for the finite element modelling of heterogeneous materials

Author

Alejandro Ortega Laborin, Yann MALECOT, Emmanuel ROUBIN, and Laurent DAUDEVILLE

Subjects
engrXiv|Engineering, bepress|Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Modeling and Simulation, bepress|Engineering|Mechanical Engineering, engrXiv|Engineering|Mechanical Engineering, bepress|Engineering|Mechanical Engineering|Applied Mechanics, General Materials Science, engrXiv|Engineering|Mechanical Engineering|Applied Mechanics, Computer Science Applications, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

This paper analyses in detail the use of the Embedded Finite Element Method (E-FEM) to simulate local material heterogeneities. The work starts by a making a short review on the evolution of weak discontinuity models within the E-FEM framework to discuss how they account for the presence of multiple materials within a single element structure. A theoretical basis is introduced through some mathematical weak discontinuity definitions and the Hu-Washizu variational principle, for then establishing a set of requirements for retaining variational and kinematic consistency for any weak discontinuity enhancement proposal. From a general definition of a displacement enhancement field, two particular enhancement functions are derived by considering different consistency requirements: one which has been typically used in previous works and other which truly possesses variational consistency. A discussion is held on enhancement stability properties and the impact to global finite element solution processes. In the end, numerical simulations are made to assess the performance of each of these enhancements on the task of modelling a classical bi-material layered 3D tension problem. The final discussion evaluates both model performance and ease of implementation.

Published
2021

11. Prediction of perforation into concrete accounting for saturation ratio influence at high confinement

Author

Yann Malecot, Laurent Daudeville, Matthieu Briffaut, D. Vu, Julien Baroth, Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
residual velocity, Materials science, Perforation (oil well), Constitutive equation, Aerospace Engineering, 020101 civil engineering, Ocean Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Bending, Plasticity, 0201 civil engineering, Stress (mechanics), 0203 mechanical engineering, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Ballistic limit, saturation ratio, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Punching, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, perforation capacity, Mechanics, reinforced concrete, Finite element method, soft and hard impacts, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Mechanics of Materials, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Automotive Engineering, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures
Abstract

International audience; This paper provides both an analytical and a finite element model aiming at better predicting possible perforation of reinforced concrete slabs submitted to impacts. Both models account for free water saturation ratio and high triaxial stress induced into concrete by the impact. Finite element simulations are performed with Abaqus explicit code using a revised constitutive model for concrete; this coupled damage plasticity model (PRM) accounts for strain rate effects and the influence of saturation ratio on the triaxial behavior. Complementary original analytical predictions of ballistic limit and residual velocities are provided for both hard and soft impacts. These predictions depend on a recent deviatoric stress-based formulation of compressive strength of concrete. Numerical and analytical results are consistent with bending and punching experimental tests.

Published
2021
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13. Discrete element modeling of concrete under high stress level: influence of saturation ratio

Author

Hicham Benniou, Laurent Daudeville, Matthieu Briffaut, Abdallah Accary, Yann Malecot, Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Numerical Analysis, Saturation ratio, Dependency (UML), Materials science, Constitutive equation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Computational Mechanics, Compaction, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Discrete element method, 010101 applied mathematics, Stress (mechanics), Computational Mathematics, Cracking, Closure (computer programming), [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Modeling and Simulation, 0101 mathematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The discrete element model proposed in this paper addresses the macroscopic behavior of concrete taking into account the presence of free water in pores, thanks to a new interaction law between spherical discrete elements (DE). When concrete structures are subjected to a severe loading, e.g., an impact, material exhibits high triaxial compressive stresses which are highly influenced by the saturation ratio. In this new constitutive model, cracking and compaction are modeled at the interaction level between DEs and free water effects are taken into account by introducing a dependency between the water saturation ratio and the inelastic deformation due to the pore closure. The present numerical model has been implemented in the Yet Another Dynamic Engine code in order to deal with extreme loading situations leading to stress states characterized by a high mean stress level.

Published
2021
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14. Discrete Element Analysis to Predict Penetration and Perforation of Concrete Targets Struck by Rigid Projectiles

Author

Laurent Daudeville, Serguei Potapov, Philippe Marin, Christophe Pontiroli, Ahmad Omar, Andria Antoniou, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures Industrielles Durables (LAMSID - UMR 8193), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), GRAMAT (DAM/GRAMAT), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), David Edward Lambert, Crystal L. Pasiliao, Benjamin Erzar, Benoit Revil-Baudard, Oana Cazacu, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), and Daudeville, Laurent

Subjects
Element analysis, Materials science, Projectile, business.industry, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Penetration (firestop), Structural engineering, [SPI.MECA.MEMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Discrete element method, Finite element method, 0201 civil engineering, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [SPI.MECA.STRU] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

15. Full-field measurement with a digital image correlation analysis of a shake table test on a timber-framed structure filled with stones and earth

Author

Stéphane Grange, Philippe Garnier, Yannick Sieffert, F. Vieux-Champagne, Laurent Daudeville, Jean-Charles Duccini, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] ( 3S-R ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), CRAterre ( CRAterre ), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble ( ENSAG ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures ( M2S ), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures ( GEOMAS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement ( FCBA ), Laboratoire Sols, Solides, Structures ( 3S ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), CRAterre (CRAterre), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Architecture, Environnement & Cultures Constructives (AE&CC), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG), and Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement (FCBA)

Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Engineering, Digital image correlation, business.industry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Full scale, [ SPI.GCIV.DV ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Displacement (vector), Bracing, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], 0201 civil engineering, Infill, Shear wall, Earthquake shaking table, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [ SPI.GCIV.STRUCT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, Mortar, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

International audience; This paper aims at presenting a digital correlation technique to capture the full-field displacement thanks to a high-speed camera of a full scale structure tested on a shaking table. The challenges are both the measurements at a full scale to visualize damages versus the resolution of pictures and the dynamical loading that requires a large number of pictures. The final goal is a better understanding of the seismic behavior of timber-framed structures with infill to help at modeling such structures and predicting their seismic vulnerability. For this purpose, results of shake table tests carried out on a full-scale one-story timber-framed house filled with stones bonded by an earth based mortar are presented and discussed. DIC full-field measurements allow deriving displacements and accelerations on shear walls as well as lateral forces applied on them. The experimental results presented herein allow analyzing the influence of bracing and might be used to propose optimized aseismic constructions based on cheap technological solutions. These results demonstrate the seismic-resistant behavior of timber-framed structures with infill and constitute a key issue for the promotion of such constructions in developing countries.

Published
2016
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16. Influence of joint strength variability in timber-frame structures: propagation of uncertainty through shear wall finite element models under seismic loading

Author

Laurent Daudeville, Clément Boudaud, and Julien Baroth

Subjects
Engineering, Propagation of uncertainty, business.industry, Seismic loading, Constitutive equation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Finite element method, 0201 civil engineering, 021105 building & construction, Shear wall, Earthquake shaking table, Geotechnical engineering, Sensitivity (control systems), business, Joint (geology), General Environmental Science, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Results of tests performed on joints used in timber-frame construction allow characterizing the variability of their mechanical behavior, which differs substantially from one joint to the next. The parameters of a constitutive model of the joints and their variability are identified. Finite element (FE) models of a shear wall and a timber-frame house are used in nonlinear dynamic calculations to study the propagation of uncertainty through the structure. It demonstrates that for a single-story 6 m × 6 m house, the variations in mechanical strength of each connection do not significantly affect the structural behavior of the house. Both the numerical and experimental results (on a shaking table) are quite similar, proving the model accuracy, its ability to study the propagation of uncertainty and its relevance for future development (non-regular, multi-story buildings…). Moreover, a sensitivity analysis performed on a FE wall model under uncertain seismic loads reveals the importance of earthquake motion modeling.

Published
2016
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17. Discrete element modelling of concrete structures under hard impact by ogive-nose steel projectiles

Author

Andria Antoniou, Laurent Daudeville, Serguei Potapov, Philippe Marin, Ahmad Omar, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut des Sciences de la mécanique et Applications industrielles (IMSIA - UMR 9219), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and Daudeville, Laurent

Subjects
Materials science, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, General Physics and Astronomy, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Granular material, [SPI.MECA.MEMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 0201 civil engineering, Steel jacket, 0203 mechanical engineering, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Projectile, business.industry, Structural engineering, Ogive, Discrete element method, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Macroscopic scale, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Electromagnetic shielding, [SPI.MECA.STRU] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, Element (category theory), business
Abstract

International audience; Concrete structures are widely used as shielding barriers to protect sensitive infrastructures. Accidental conditions such as aircraft impacts on nuclear containments lead to a designing demand under extreme loadings. A discrete element method (DEM) model is presented, able to predict damage of concrete structures under severe impacts. The original developments of Cundall and Strack for granular materials were extended in the proposed DEM model for cohesive materials such as concrete by introducing cohesive interactions in addition to contact ones. Spring-like interactions between discrete elements are based on phenomenological models inspired by observations at the macroscopic scale. Constitutive parameters are calibrated thanks to simulations of experiments performed under different states of loading (unconfined quasi-static tests, high confined compression, high strain rates). The DEM approach is validated with the simulation of three hard impact tests where numerical and experimental results are discussed. CEA Gramat performed the experiments on plain concrete targets with a passive confinement given by a steel jacket surrounding the cylindrical specimen and submitted to the impact of ogive-nosed steel projectiles.

Published
2018

18. Investigation of the Interstitial Pore Pressure of Saturated Concrete under High Confinement

Author

Abdallah Accary, Laurent Daudeville, Yann Malecot, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
Materials science, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Overburden pressure, Pressure sensor, Water saturation, Pore water pressure, 021105 building & construction, 0502 economics and business, Saturation (chemistry), 050203 business & management, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The objective of this study is to measure the interstitial pore pressure into saturated concrete under hundreds of megapascals of confinement. This study is carried out within a more general context aiming to understand the behavior of concrete structures under impact. It is well known that the water saturation in massive concrete structures evolves from quasi-dry state at the surface to reach a quasi-saturated state at the core. Since the response of these structures under impact is highly linked to the state of saturation into the material, it is suspected that the pore pressure plays a major effect. This paper presents a new testing technique developed to measure the concrete pore pressure at high confining pressure. This latter is generated by means of a high capacity GIGA press. The new concept consists in implementing a pressure sensor into a water collecting cap. This cap is designed specially to collect water from concrete subjected to mechanical confinement pressure. Experimental results show that concrete pore pressure can reach values of the order of the confining pressure.

Published
2018
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19. Numerical analysis on seismic resistance of a two-story timber-framed structure with stone and earth infill

Author

Stéphane Grange, Laurent Daudeville, Philippe Garnier, E. Fritsch, H. Algusab, Yannick Sieffert, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Sols - Matériaux - Structures, Intégrité et Durabilité (SMS-ID), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Architecture, Environnement & Cultures constructives (AE&CC), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), CRAterre (CRAterre), ANR-10-HAIT-0003,REparH(2010), ANR-15-IDEX-02,CYBER@ALPS,Grenoble Alpes Cybersecurity Institute(2017), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Architecture, Environnement & Cultures Constructives (AE&CC), and ANR-15-IDEX-0002,UGA,IDEX UGA(2015)

Subjects
Visual Arts and Performing Arts, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Conservation, seismic resistance, 0201 civil engineering, 021105 building & construction, Architecture, traditional house, Infill, Geotechnical engineering, Seismic resistance, hysteresis behavior, [SPI.GCIV.CD]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction durable, business.industry, Numerical analysis, multi-stories timber-framed, numercial analysis, Masonry, earth mortar, Haiti, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, nonlinear elements, business, Geology
Abstract

International audience; Due to their seismic resistance, traditional timber-framed structures with masonry infill suffered little damage during recent earthquakes. Moreover, timber-framed structures can be built with reduced costs thanks to the use of locally available materials such as wood, stone, and earth. Based on an experimentally validated numerical simulation for a one-story house, the seismic resistance of a similar two-story house is investigated. A simplified Finite Element Model with linear and nonlinear truss elements is proposed to analyze the seismic resistance of a two-story building. Nonlinear hysteresis constitutive laws are defined only for two majorcomponents of the structure which are assumed to be representative of the global structure behavior: diagonal X-crosses (concentrating the interaction with the infill material) and steel strip connections. These kinds of structures have been overlooked due to a lack of knowledge of their potential behavior in seismic prone area and a lack of building codes and standards for their own design. To promote them, a failure criterion, that might easily be used in engineering studies, is required. This article proposes a simple criterion based on Eurocode 8 to quantify the seismic resistance of one- and two-story houses. The simulation shows that, even in case of high intensity ground motion, the two-story building should not be collapsed. This study may help at designing two-story timber-framed structures in seismic prone areas for (re)construction projects.

Published
2018
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20. Prediction of the perforation of targets impacted by deformable projectiles

Author

M. Briffaut, Julien Baroth, Laurent Daudeville, Zoheir Boukria, Yann Malecot, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Projectile, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Perforation (oil well), 0211 other engineering and technologies, Pendulum, Aerospace Engineering, Ocean Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Impact test, Reinforced concrete, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, 021105 building & construction, Automotive Engineering, Point (geometry), Limit (mathematics), Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

This paper proposes a simple formulation for the impact analysis of a deformable projectile on reinforced concrete targets. This approach assumes the presence of soft strikers and rigid targets. Based on an energy balance, it aims to predict a perforation limit for different targets under soft impacts. The procedure employed is validated by means of tests performed on a rigid target (pendulum test) and reinforced concrete slabs. The article discusses various estimations of the crushing force of projectiles, as derived from experimental results and numerical approaches. The efficiency of simplified approaches is highlighted from an engineering point of view. The limit between soft and hard impacts is also analyzed according to a recent criterion. Moreover, the paper proposes validating the approach using experimental tests with both perforating and non-perforating impact tests on nine slabs.

Published
2015
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21. Experimental Analysis of a Shake Table Test of Timber-Framed Structures with Stone and Earth Infill

Author

Yannick Sieffert, Stéphane Grange, C. Belinga Nko'ol, E. Bertrand, Laurent Daudeville, Jean-Charles Duccini, F. Vieux-Champagne, Carole Faye, CRAterre ( CRAterre ), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble ( ENSAG ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] ( 3S-R ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures ( M2S ), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures ( GEOMAS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes ( ETIS ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications ( ENSEA ) -Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Sols, Solides, Structures ( 3S ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), CRAterre (CRAterre), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Architecture, Environnement & Cultures Constructives (AE&CC), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Direction Méditerranée (Cerema Direction Méditerranée), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), and Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement (FCBA)

Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Engineering, [SPI.GCIV.CD]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction durable, business.industry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, [ SPI.GCIV.DV ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 0201 civil engineering, Geophysics, Infill, [ SPI.GCIV ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Earthquake shaking table, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, Geotechnical engineering, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [ SPI.GCIV.STRUCT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, Mortar, business, Earth (classical element), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; The seismic performance of timber-framed structures filled with stones and earth mortar has been analyzed by introducing the structural subscales (cell, wall, house) at which monotonic and cyclic loadings were considered. This article aims to present the dynamic behavior of a house as determined through shaking table tests. Based on this experimental multiscale analysis, this paper confirms that timbered masonry structures offer effective seismic resistance; moreover, such a comprehensive analysis helps enhance understanding of the seismic-resistant behavior of timber-framed structures with infill. This paper also aids ongoing development of a numerical tool intended to predict the seismic-resistant behavior of this type of structure.

Published
2017
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22. Mixed DEM/FEM Modeling of Advanced Damage in Reinforced Concrete Structures

Author

Serguei Potapov, Philippe Marin, Aurélien Masurel, and Laurent Daudeville

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Reinforced concrete, 01 natural sciences, Finite element method, 010101 applied mathematics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Geotechnical engineering, 0101 mathematics, business
Abstract

This paper aims to present a mixed, or combined, numerical approach to modeling advanced degradation and predicting failure in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The discrete-element meth...

Published
2017
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23. Discrete element modelling of concrete structures under hard impact

Author

Antoniou, A., Laurent Daudeville, Marin, P., Potapov, S., Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut des Sciences de la mécanique et Applications industrielles (IMSIA - UMR 9219), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), and Daudeville, Laurent

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Finite element method, [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEMA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Computational methods in mechanics, [PHYS.MECA.STRU] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Particle methods (Numerical analysis), Elements finits, Mètode dels, DEM, Concrete, Impact, Numerical Modelling
Abstract

The increasing demand for infrastructure security requires accounting the risk of severe loading due to natural or manmade hazards, such as aircraft impacts. This paper presents a Discrete Element Method (DEM) approach implemented in EUROPLEXUS, fast dynamics software, able to predict damage of concrete structures under severe impacts. The proposed DEM model for concrete relies on the original developments of Cundall and Strack for granular materials that was extended to cohesive materials, such as concrete by introducing cohesive interactions in addition to contact ones. In order to validate the DEM approach, the simulation results of three hard impact tests are presented. The tests were performed by CEA Gramat on plain concrete targets with a passive confinement given by a steel jacket surrounding the cylindrical specimen and submitted to the impact of ogive-nosed steel projectiles.

Published
2017

24. Traditional Timber-Framed Infill Structure Experimentation with Four Scales Analysis (To Connection from a House Scale)

Author

Laurent Daudeville, Stéphane Grange, Jean-Charles Duccini, Yannick Sieffert, F. Vieux-Champagne, and Philippe Garnier

Subjects
Structure (mathematical logic), Engineering, business.industry, Scale (chemistry), 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Civil engineering, 0201 civil engineering, Infill, Earthquake shaking table, business, Seismic resistance, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract

The aim of this paper is to contribute toward a better understanding of the seismic behavior of timber-framed infill structure. For this purpose, the results of a multi-scale experimental program are presented. The paper presents also the feasibility to use a DIC analyse on a full-scale of a house tested on a shake table.

Published
2016
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25. Using a mixed DEM/FEM approach to model advanced damage of reinforced concrete under impact

Author

Laurent Daudeville, A. Masurel, Philippe Marin, S. Potapov, Institut des Sciences de la mécanique et Applications industrielles (IMSIA - UMR 9219), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-EDF R&D (EDF R&D)

Subjects
Engineering, Computational Mechanics, 02 engineering and technology, Classification of discontinuities, 01 natural sciences, steel-concrete bond model, 0203 mechanical engineering, 0101 mathematics, Macro, discrete element method, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Structural engineering, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], reinforced concrete, Finite element method, Discrete element method, Computer Science Applications, 010101 applied mathematics, Energy conservation, Computational Mathematics, Nonlinear system, Cracking, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Modeling and Simulation, Electromagnetic shielding, impact, business, damage
Abstract

Advanced damage behaviour of reinforced concrete is modelled using a mixed modelling approach, in which concrete is represented through the spherical-type discrete element model, whereas steel reinforcement is modelled by using beam-type finite elements. An original steel-concrete bond model developed and calibrated on pull-out tests is used to ensure transfer of forces between steel and con- crete. The proposed approach is applied to simulate soft and hard-type impacts on RC beams within a very complete modelling framework, thus allowing validating by comparison with experimental data the overall numerical approach developed. Reinforced concrete (RC) structures are widely used as shielding barriers to protect sensitive equipment of industrial facilities such as nuclear power plants. Those protective structures are devised to resist namely impacts of projectiles generated either by natural hazard phe- nomena such as tornados or by human induced events such as a deliberate airplane crash. Because of the extreme severity of such an accidental loading, assessment of the protective structures must go far beyond verification of the resistance to normal operating conditions: it is necessary to investigate the response of the structure until almost its complete failure to assess correctly its ultimate resistance capacity. While continuous approaches such as the finite element method (FEM) are suitable for the nonlinear analysis of structures before failure, they reach their limits when trying to describe macro cracking and fragmentation mechanisms. Even if it is possible to generate discontinu- ities in the standard FEM model by using the element erosion technique proposed by Belytschko and Lin (1) and implemented in most commercial crash codes such as LS-DYNA or ABAQUS Explicit, the numerical precision of the resolution algorithm becomes difficult to control during the advanced fragmentation process due to difficulties of mass and energy conservation and of contact treatment of newly created non-smooth surfaces. Furthermore, numerical results are strongly dependent on the erosion criterion used, which explains why the FEM simulations with activated erosion struggle to produce quantitatively realistic and predictive results in the presence of strong material discontinuities. The discrete element method (DEM) is a powerful alternative to FEM when advanced dam- age states and failure of concrete have to be studied. Indeed, DEM permits very easily the obtaining of realistic macro-crack patterns and material fragments due to its discontinuous

Published
2016
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26. Coupled Discrete Element/Finite Element Method for the Analysis of Large Reinforced Concrete Structures Submitted to an Impact

Author

Laurent Daudeville, Jessica Haelewyn, Serguei Potapov, and Philippe Marin

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, Extended discrete element method, Applied element method, General Medicine, Structural engineering, Mixed finite element method, Classification of discontinuities, business, Reinforced concrete, Discrete element method, Finite element method, Extended finite element method
Abstract

The efficiency of the discrete element method for studying the fracture of heterogeneous media has been demonstrated, but it is limited by the size of the computational model. A coupling between the discrete elements (DEM) and the finite elements (FEM) methods is proposed to handle the simulation of impacts on large structures. The structure is split into two subdomains in each of which the method is adapted to the behavior of the structure under impact. The DEM takes naturally into account the discontinuities and is used to model the media in the impact zone. The remaining structure is modeled by the FEM. We propose an adaptation of the coupling procedure to connect Discrete Element model to shell-type Finite Elements. Finally, the efficiency of this approach is shown on the simulation of a reinforced concrete slab impacted by a tubular impactor.

Published
2011
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27. A discrete element/shell finite element coupling for simulating impacts on reinforced concrete structures

Author

Jessica Rousseau, Philippe Marin, Serguei Potapov, and Laurent Daudeville

Subjects
Coupling, Engineering, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Extended discrete element method, Shell (structure), Mixed finite element method, Structural engineering, Classification of discontinuities, Finite element method, Discrete element method, Mechanics of Materials, Modeling and Simulation, business, Extended finite element method
Abstract

The efficiency of the discrete element method for studying the fracture of heterogeneous media has been demonstrated, but it is limited by the size of the computational model. A coupling between the discrete element and the finite element methods is proposed to handle the simulation of impacts on large structures. The structure is split into two subdomains in each of which the method is adapted to the behaviour of the structure under impact. The DEM takes naturally into account the discontinuities and is used to model the media in the impact zone. The remaining structure is modelled by the FEM. We propose an extension of the coupling procedure to connect the Discrete Element model to shell-type Finite Elements. The efficiency of the coupling method is tested and validated.

Published
2010
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28. Effect of the water/cement ratio on concrete behavior under extreme loading

Author

Eric Buzaud, Yann Malecot, Xuan Hong Vu, Laurent Daudeville, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRAMAT (DAM/GRAMAT), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
cement, Engineering, porosity, Water–cement ratio, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Computational Mechanics, Detonation, 02 engineering and technology, Triaxial shear test, Matrix (geology), High confinement, Concrete behavior, Statistical tests, 0203 mechanical engineering, 021105 building & construction, Concrete composition, General Materials Science, Geotechnical engineering, Stress levels, Extreme value theory, Porosity, triaxial test, Hardened concrete, Concrete samples, Cement, business.industry, Cement matrix, Loading, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Static tests, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, High stress, Ballistic impact, Water/cement ratio, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Plasmas, Mechanics of Materials, Triaxial loading, Cements, Near fields, High-capacity, concrete, stress analysis, Loading path, Experiments, business, loading test
Abstract

cited By 42; International audience; This study focuses on identifying concrete behavior under severe triaxial loadings (near field detonation or ballistic impacts). In order to reproduce high stress levels with well-controlled loading paths, static tests have been carried out on concrete samples by mean of a very high-capacity triaxial press (stress levels on the order of 1GPa). It is a longstanding fact that the water/cement ratio (W/C), upon entering the concrete composition, is a major parameter affecting the porosity and strength of the cement matrix of hardened concrete. The objective of this article is to quantify the effect of this ratio on concrete behavior under conditions of high confinement. From the composition of a reference 'ordinary' concrete (i.e. W/C=0.6), two other concretes have been produced with W/C ratios equal to 0.4 and 0.8, respectively. This article presents experimental results and their analysis regarding the effect of water/cement ratio (W/C) on concrete behavior under high confinement. It shows that when placed under high confinement, concrete behaves like a granular stacking composed of concrete without any influence from the level of cement matrix strength. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2009
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29. Multidomain finite and discrete elements method for impact analysis of a concrete structure

Author

Philippe Marin, Laurent Daudeville, Jessica Rousseau, and Emmanuel Frangin

Subjects
Coupling, Engineering, business.industry, Slab, Structure (category theory), Fracture (geology), Structural engineering, Classification of discontinuities, Spurious relationship, business, Discrete element method, Finite element method, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

This article focuses on a formulation for coupling discrete and finite element methods. The efficiency of the discrete element method for studying the fracture of heterogeneous media has been demonstrated, but it is limited by the number of elements. A multidomain analysis is thus proposed in order to reduce the computational effort. The structure is split into two subdomains, in each of which the method is adapted to the behavior of the structure under impact. The DEM is used to model the media close to the impacts. It easily takes into account the discontinuities. The remaining structure is modelled by the FEM. The aims of this paper are to present a method with rotations coupling and to propose a way to reduce spurious wave reflections; it presents an application on a rock impact on a concrete slab.

Published
2009
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30. A mesoscopic model for the behaviour of concrete under high confinement

Author

Fabrice Dupray, Yann Malecot, Eric Buzaud, Laurent Daudeville, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRAMAT (DAM/GRAMAT), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Identification of model, Engineering, Biphasic models, Triaxial stress, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Computational Mechanics, Superconducting materials, 02 engineering and technology, Mean pressures, law.invention, High confinement, Hydrostatic test, 0203 mechanical engineering, law, General Materials Science, Composite material, Spherical aggregates, Mesoscopic physics, Triaxial compression, Structural engineering, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], compressive strength, Finite element method, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Mechanics of Materials, Plaster, Cylindrical samples, Numerical analysis, Mesoscopic models, Scale (ratio), finite element method, Concrete aggregates, Finite element meshes, Cement paste, Damage-plasticity models, Mesoscale model, Quasi-static, Mesoscopic scale, Experimental test, triaxial test, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Computer simulation, business.industry, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Biphasic materials, Plasmas, mortar, concrete, Mortar, Hydrostatic equilibrium, numerical model, business, Fine aggregates
Abstract

cited By 50; International audience; When impact loaded, concrete is submitted to high triaxial stresses. The experimental response of concrete under quasi-static triaxial compression is studied using a triaxial press capable of applying a mean pressure greater than 1GPa on cylindrical samples measuring 7 cm in diameter and 14 cm high. A numerical analysis of these previous experiments is performed herein at a mesoscopic scale. Concrete is modelled as a biphasic material consisting of a mortar (cement paste and fine aggregates) and roughly spherical aggregates (with a diameter exceeding 2 mm) whose characteristics are applied on a regular cubic finite element mesh. A damage-plasticity model is then used to model the behaviour of mortar. An identification of model parameters on mortar samples and the subsequent comparison between numerical and experimental tests will be presented for hydrostatic and triaxial compression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2009
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31. Probabilistic analysis of a pull-out test

Author

Julien Baroth, Jérôme Humbert, Laurent Daudeville, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Engineering, 020101 civil engineering, Probability density function, 02 engineering and technology, 0201 civil engineering, Probabilistic method, 0203 mechanical engineering, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], General Materials Science, Probabilistic analysis of algorithms, Sensitivity (control systems), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering, business.industry, Stochastic process, Building and Construction, Test method, Structural engineering, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Mechanics of Materials, Log-normal distribution, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, business, Algorithm, Random variable
Abstract

This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of the pull-out strength of reinforcement embedded in concrete. Considering both European and French design codes, this failure strength depends on the variability of uncertain parameters such as Young’s modulus of concrete and yield stresses of materials (concrete and steel); moreover, two failure modes can be observed in the studied experimental test. A methodology allowing the characterization of the sensitivity of the pull-out strength to these uncertain parameters is derived. These parameters are modeled by Lognormal random variables. Results show the evolution of the pull-out strength for different anchorage lengths. Probability density functions of the random variable modeling the failure strength are computed using probabilistic methods. A finite element model is also built to quantify uncertainties concerning failure modes, computing 95% confidence intervals.

Published
2009
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32. Experimental analysis of concrete behavior under high confinement: Effect of the saturation ratio

Author

Xuan Hong Vu, Laurent Daudeville, Eric Buzaud, Yann Malecot, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRAMAT (DAM/GRAMAT), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Pier, Infra structures, Saturated cores, Testing, Ballistic impacts, Saturation ratio, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Triaxial shear test, Stress level, High confinement, Concrete behaviors, 0203 mechanical engineering, High capacities, 021105 building & construction, Concretes, Life-times, General Materials Science, Limit state design, Stress levels, Triaxial test, Concrete samples, Applied Mathematics, Experimental analyses, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Condensed Matter Physics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Mechanics of Materials, Nuclear propulsion, Modeling and Simulation, Concrete strengths, Saturation (chemistry), Concrete construction, Materials science, Rock pressure, Saturated concretes, Nuclear reactors, Materials Science(all), Modelling and Simulation, Concrete drying, Geotechnical engineering, Limit states, Mechanical Engineering, Confining pressures, Controlled loadings, Static tests, Overburden pressure, High stress, Triaxial loadings, Subsequent analyses, High stresses, Plasmas, Near fields, Massive concretes, Concrete
Abstract

cited By 92; International audience; This study focuses on the identification of concrete behavior under severe triaxial loading in order to better evaluate the vulnerability of sensitive infrastructure to near-field detonations or ballistic impacts. For the purpose of reproducing high stress levels with well-controlled loading paths, static tests have been conducted on concrete samples using a triaxial press offering very high capacities (stress levels of around 1 GPa). It is a well-known fact that the concrete drying process is a slow phenomenon. Massive concrete structures, such as bridge piers, dams and nuclear reactors, could retain a quasi-saturated core throughout most of their lifetime, even though their facing dries very quickly. The objective of this article is to evaluate the effect of the saturation ratio on concrete behavior under high confinement; this article will present triaxial test results on concrete samples over a saturation ratio range extending from dried to quasi-saturated concretes. The subsequent analysis of results will show that the saturation ratio exerts a major influence on concrete behavior, particularly on both the concrete strength capacity and shape of the limit state curve for saturation ratios above 50%. This analysis also highlights that while the strength of dried concrete strongly increases with confining pressure, it remains constant over a given confining pressure range for either wet or saturated samples. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2009
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33. Influence of the reinforcement on penetration and perforation of concrete targets

Author

Wenjie Shiu, Laurent Daudeville, and Frédéric-Victor Donzé

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, General Engineering, Izod impact strength test, 02 engineering and technology, Penetration (firestop), Structural engineering, Classification of discontinuities, 01 natural sciences, Discrete element method, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computer Science Applications, Missile, Computational Theory and Mathematics, 0103 physical sciences, Reinforcement, business, Penetration depth, Software, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Test data
Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how a discrete element model is used to predict the penetration depth and the perforation caused by a non‐deformable missile against a thin reinforced concrete slab.Design/methodology/approachInitial calibration of the model was done with a series of flat‐nose missile tests. Additional simulations were performed with varying the percentage of reinforcement. The present numerical model is compared to experimental test data provided by the French Atomic Energy Agency (CEA) and the French Electrical Power Company (EDF).FindingsFor thin concrete slabs, the evolution of the penetration depth in terms of percentage of reinforcement was compared with experimental results: quantitatively the results are very coherent.Originality/valueThe modeling scale is higher than the heterogeneity scale, so the model may be used to simulate real structures, which means that the discrete element method is mainly used here for its ability to account for discontinuities; an identification process based on quasi‐static tests is used, so the quasi‐static behavior of concrete is reproduced. This identification process is the key point, to allow a complete predictive computation for complex impact configurations, especially when the missile diameter and the thickness of the concrete slab are on the same order in size.

Published
2009
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34. Approche couplée éléments discrets/finis pour la simulation d’un impact sur ouvrage

Author

Laurent Daudeville, Philippe Marin, Emmanuel Frangin, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Mechanical Engineering, Modeling and Simulation, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, Humanities, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract

International audience; The paper deals with combined finite/discrete element method to study structures under severe dynamic loading, like impact. The discrete element method take naturally into account the non linear phenomena, it is used in the vicinity of the impacted zone. The finite element method is used to reduce the time of computation in order to carry out large structure analyses. The aim of the paper is to discuss the way to reduce non physical wave reflections; it presents an application on a rock impact on a concrete slab.; Pour étudier la réponse d’un ouvrage à des sollicitations dynamiques sévères de type impact, nous utilisons une modélisation mixte permettant de tirer profit des avantages de la méthode des éléments discrets dans les zones proches de l’impact et susceptibles de s’endommager fortement. Le reste de la structure est modélisé par la méthode des elements finis. Cette approche permet de modéliser l’ensemble de l’ouvrage avec une discrétisation et un coût de calcul raisonnables et permet également de modéliser la multifracturation de la cible et l’éventuelle pénétration du projectile. Ce papier discute des moyens d’atténuer les réflexions d’ondes parasites dues au changement de taille de la discrétisation et présente une application sur une dalle en béton impactée par un bloc rocheux, application permettant de comparer la réponse de la structure lors de la modélisation mixte avec celle utilisant uniquement des éléments discrets.

Published
2007
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35. Joints and wood shear walls modelling II: Experimental tests and FE models under seismic loading

Author

S. Hameury, Laurent Daudeville, Jérôme Humbert, Julien Baroth, Clément Boudaud, Ecole Supérieure du Bois, LIMBHA, PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Korea Forest Research Institute, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Seismic loading, Structural engineering, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], Finite element method, Dynamic loading, Calibration, Shear wall, Coupling (piping), Earthquake shaking table, Fe model, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

This study presents a finite element (FE) model of timber-framed shear walls under seismic loading, which has been validated in Part I under quasi-static loading. In this paper, experimental shake table tests on shear walls are described and some examples of the obtained results are discussed. Then, the refined FE model predictions under dynamic loading are compared to the 11 shake table tests. The final objective of this study is to create a 3D model of timber-framed structures; thus, a simplified FE model is proposed to reproduce the refined FE model predictions at a reasonable computational cost. The calibration method of the simplified model uses the predictions of the refined FE model under quasi-static loading as input. The simplified model is then used for dynamic calculations and its predictions are confronted to the refined FE model ones, in order to validate its behaviour under dynamic loading. Eventually, an efficient method to build the walls of a timber-framed building by coupling simplified FE models is proposed.

Published
2015
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36. Pseudodynamic tests and earthquake response analysis of timber structures II: two-level conventional wooden structures with plywood sheathed shear walls

Author

Motoi Yasumura, Takahisa Kamada, Yutaka Imura, Motoi Uesugi, Laurent Daudeville, University of Shizuoka, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
040101 forestry, Biomaterials, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 020101 civil engineering, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 02 engineering and technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0201 civil engineering
Abstract

International audience

Published
2006
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37. Discrete element modelling of concrete submitted to dynamic loading at high strain rates

Author

Laurent Daudeville, Frédéric Donzé, Sebastien Hentz, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, 02 engineering and technology, Inertia, High strain, 0203 mechanical engineering, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Ultimate tensile strength, General Materials Science, Rate dependency, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mathematics, media_common, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Structural engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Discrete element method, Computer Science Applications, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Strain rate dependency, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Dynamic loading, Modeling and Simulation, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, Element (category theory), 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The use of a 3D discrete element method (DEM) is proposed to study concrete submitted to dynamic loading. The model has already been validated through quasi-static simulations. This paper aims first at extending the validation of the model and at contributing to the understanding of the physical mechanisms in stake. Once the correct quasi-static identification of the model parameters is done, compressive dynamic tests are first simulated. Unchanged, the model proves able to reproduce the concrete strain rate dependency, and confirms the inertia-based hypothesis at high strain rates. Dynamic tensile tests show that a local rate effect has to be introduced to reproduce the experimental rate dependency, which would then be a material-intrinsic effect.

Published
2004
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38. Vers une procédure de contrôle des structures en verre trempé

Author

Rene Gy, Laurent Daudeville, and Fabrice Bernard

Subjects
Physics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mechanical Engineering, Temple, medicine, General Materials Science, Stress measurement, Humanities, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Abstract

Ce travail porte sur l'utilisation du verre comme veritable materiau de structure et concerne plus particulierement la proposition d'une methode de controle in situ non destructif des structures en verre trempe thermiquement, notamment dans les zones d'assemblage. Une methode de dimensionnement de la structure est proposee. Elle est fondee d'une part, sur un etat limite ultime garantissant la perennite de la structure sur une longue duree de chargement, et d'autre part, sur une prediction, par la methode des elements finis, en tout point de la structure, de l'etat de contraintes residuelles dues au procede de trempe thermique ainsi que celles dues au chargement mecanique exterieur. La methode de controle consiste a comparer, durant la vie de la structure, des images issues d'analyses photoelastiques sur la structure chargee, a des images obtenues par calcul aux elements finis pour l'etat limite ultime ayant servi au dimensionnement.

Published
2004
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39. Foreword

Author

Laurent Daudeville and Julien Baroth

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Civil and Structural Engineering
Published
2012
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40. Timber shear walls with large openings: experimental and numerical prediction of the structural behaviour

Author

Helmut G. L. Prion, Frank Lam, Laurent Daudeville, Nicolas Richard, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of British Columbia (UBC)

Subjects
Engineering, Computer simulation, business.industry, Connection (vector bundle), 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, Fracture mechanics, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Dissipation, Finite element method, Oriented strand board, 0201 civil engineering, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], 021105 building & construction, Shear wall, business, Failure mode and effects analysis, General Environmental Science, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

A numerical model based on the finite element method is presented for prediction of the cyclic response of wood frame structures. The model predicts the cyclic response of shear walls. Nonlinear phenomena are assumed to be concentrated in the connections that are modelled through elements linking the structural elements including the posts, beams, and sheathing panels. Identification of model parameters relies on tests on individual connections. Connection tests on different nail lengths were conducted under monotonic and cyclic lateral loads. Based on the results from past studies that indicate the pull-through failure is an important failure mode in common nail connections with lumber and oriented strand board (OSB), washers were considered as a means to reinforce the connection. The influence of reinforced nailing on the static and dynamic performance of full-size wood frame shear walls with large openings, sheathed with OSB panels, was evaluated experimentally. Combinations of parameters were studied, such as the number of hold-downs, the panel shapes, the nail distribution, and the bracing systems. Comparisons of the dissipated energy per cycle revealed a higher capacity for walls using nails with washer reinforcement than without. Results from numerical simulations of the monotonic and cyclic tests performed on the walls are presented.Key words: timber shear wall, connections, finite element, dissipated energy.

Published
2002
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41. Numerical analysis of timber-frame structures with infill under seismic loading

Author

Florent Vieux-Champagne, Stephane Grange, Yannick Sieffert, Patrice Garcia, Carole FAYE, Jean-Charles Duccini, Laurent Daudeville, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement (FCBA), Alexander Salenikovich (Ed.), Sieffert, Yannick, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-Construction Ameublement (FCBA), Institut technologique FCBA (FCBA), and Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique

Subjects
[SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [SPI.GCIV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures
Abstract

International audience; Timber frame with infill have proved to be efficient structures when submitted to seismic hazard. No building code and very few scientific studies are available to design this kind of structures. Therefore, the present work aims at predicting the behavior of timber-frame structure with earth infill under seismic loading. Four scales are defined: the joint, the elementary cell, the shear wall and the entire house. At each scale, both an experimental and a numerical analysis are carried out in order to bring extensive knowledge with regard to the behavior of these structures under seismic loading and to validate a numerical tool able to predict their response. KEYWORDS: Timber-frame structures with earth and stone infill, Multi-scale approach, Seismic behavior, Constitutive model.

Published
2014

42. Validation of a 3D discrete element model in investigating dynamic tensile behavior of concrete at high strain rates

Author

Omar, A., Marin, P., Forquin, P., Laurent Daudeville, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures Industrielles Durables (LAMSID - UMR 8193), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), A. Cunha, E. Caetano, P. Ribeiro, G. Müller (eds.), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Peyroux, Robert, and A. Cunha, E. Caetano, P. Ribeiro, G. Müller (eds.)

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], [PHYS.MECA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

43. Experimental analysis of seismic resistance of timber-framed structures with stones and earth infill

Author

Laurent Daudeville, F. Vieux-Champagne, A. Polastri, Yannick Sieffert, A. Ceccotti, Stéphane Grange, CRAterre ( CRAterre ), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble ( ENSAG ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] ( 3S-R ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire Sols, Solides, Structures ( 3S ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ), CRAterre (CRAterre), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Architecture, Environnement & Cultures Constructives (AE&CC), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Engineering, Scale (ratio), Timbered masonry, Stones, Monotonic function, Infill, medicine, [ SPI.GCIV ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Shear wall, Geotechnical engineering, Seismic resistance, Equivalent viscous damping, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering, business.industry, Stiffness, Earth, [ SPI.GCIV.DV ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, Structural engineering, Masonry, Multi-scale approach, Seismic resistant, Timber-framed structures, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, Mortar, medicine.symptom, business, Hysteretic behavior
Abstract

International audience; The seismic performance of timber-framed structures filled with natural stones and earth mortar is analyzed by introducing three scales of experiments during which both cyclic and monotonic loadings are considered. At the connection scale, tests are performed in both normal and tangential directions to obtain the hysteretic behavior of nailed connections. At the elementary cell and shear wall scales, pushover and reversed-cycle tests are performed to obtain the hysteretic behavior as a function of infill characteristics. Walls without any openings (doors or windows) were considered. Through these tests, the influence of the infill on stiffness, maximum load or equivalent viscous damping is analyzed. The present work is then compared with three other experimental studies on the same type of traditional structures in order to provide answers regarding their seismic-resistant behavior. Based on this experimental multi-scale analysis, this article confirms that the timbered masonry structures have a relevant seismic resistant behavior and provides a full analysis useful for the development of a numerical tool aiming at predicting the seismic resistant behavior of this kind of structure.

Published
2014
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44. Joints and wood shear walls modelling I: Constitutive law, experimental tests and FE model under quasi-static loading

Author

Jérôme Humbert, S. Hameury, Laurent Daudeville, Clément Boudaud, Julien Baroth, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB)

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Constitutive equation, Monotonic function, Structural engineering, Quasistatic loading, Finite element method, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Robustness (computer science), Calibration, Shear wall, Fe model, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

This study is the first of two companions papers that present a finite element (FE) model of timber-frame structures. It introduces a versatile hysteretic constitutive law developed for various joints with steel fasteners commonly used in timber structures (nails, screws, staples, bracket-type 3D connectors, punched plates). Relative to previous models available in the literature, the proposed model improves numerical robustness and represents a step forward by taking into account the damage of joints with metal fasteners. More than 300 experimental tests are carried out on joints and used to calibrate the constitutive law for nails and bracket-type 3D connectors. An average calibration method is presented to take into account the experimental variability. 14 experimental tests are performed on different configurations of shear walls and are used to validate the proposed FE model. Both monotonic and reversed cyclic loadings are used in these quasi-static tests. The FE model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results. The second paper will present dynamic experiments and numerical predictions of the tests, as well as the development and validation of a computationally efficient simplified modelling of timber-frame structures based on a simplified finite element model for shear walls.

Published
2014
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45. Fracture of multiply-bolted joints under lateral force perpendicular to wood grain

Author

Laurent Daudeville, Motoi Yasumura, Daudeville, Laurent, University of Shizuoka, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, [PHYS.MECA.STRU] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], business.industry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, Fracture mechanics, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Finite element method, 0201 civil engineering, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Biomaterials, Stress (mechanics), [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEMA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Bolted joint, 021105 building & construction, Crack initiation, Fracture (geology), Perpendicular, Composite material, Wood grain, business
Abstract

The crack initiation and propagation of multiplybolted joints subjected to lateral forces perpendicular to the grain were analyzed. Two types of bolted joint were subjected to lateral loads perpendicular to the grain. One had joints of two bolts aligned with the wood grain (type H), and the other had joints of two or three bolts aligned perpendicular to the grain (type V). The crack initiation and propagation were analyzed by means of the average stress method (ASM) and linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), respectively. The maximum loads calculated by LEFM agreed comparatively well with the experimental results, and it was proved that the LEFM was an appropriate tool to analyze the fracture of multiply-bolted joints subjected to a force perpendicular to the grain. It was also found that the multiply-bolted joints failed with the fracture of the wood before the joints yielded, and that it caused a considerable decrease of the maximum loads. The reduction of strength should be considered in the design of multiply-bolted joints subjected to lateral forces perpendicular to the grain.

Published
2000
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46. Etude du comportement parasismique de structures à ossature en bois

Author

Nicolas Richard, Luc Davenne, Naohito Kawaï, and Laurent Daudeville

Subjects
Engineering, Computer simulation, business.industry, Non linearite, Framing (construction), Numerical analysis, Shear wall, General Medicine, Structural engineering, business, Finite element code, Finite element method, Dynamic testing
Abstract

This paper deals with the numerical analysis of timber structures. All the phenomena of dissipation are assumed to occur in joints. An hysteresis modelling of the nailed connection is presented. It was identified with tests performed on single nailed joints under monotonie and reversed cyclic loadings. This model was implemented in the finite element code CASTEM 2 000 for the simulation of the response of three shear walls made of sheathing plywood panels nailed on lumber framing members subjected to pseudo-dynamic tests. Comparisons between the finite element and the experimental responses are given.

Published
1998
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47. Savoirs traditionnels et connaissances scientifiques pour une réduction de la vulnérabilité de l’habitat rural face aux aléas naturels en Haïti

Author

Florent Vieux-Champagne, Annalisa Caimi, Philippe Garnier, Hubert Guillaud, Olivier Moles, Yannick Sieffert, Stéphane Grange, Laurent Daudeville, CRAterre (CRAterre), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Architecture, Environnement & Cultures constructives (AE&CC), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Serlet, Murielle, Architecture, Environnement & Cultures Constructives (AE&CC), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Architecture vernaculaire, [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, Aléas naturels, Natural hazards, Vernacular architecture, Desastres naturales, Construction cultures, Haiti, lcsh:Social Sciences, lcsh:H, Reconstrucción, Haïti, Gestion des risques et reconstruction, Arquitectura vernácula, Rural, Cultures constructives, Culturas constructivas, [SHS.ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, Reconstruction
Abstract

Following the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010, observations have demonstrated the relevance of certain traditional building techniques that succeeded in limiting the occupants’ exposure to the risk of severe injury. Identifying and understanding the specificities of existing building structures and know-how provides a starting-point for improving building methods and reinforcing skills in order to reduce the long-term vulnerability of local communities. This paper presents two research works that address, from complementary angles, the issues of building in a risk-prone environment. The first, from the field of architecture, outlines a participatory methodology for analyzing local building practices with a view to developing them and making technical improvements. The second, from an engineering perspective, focuses on an experimental computer-aided scientific study of a building system used for post-earthquake reconstruction. Suite au séisme qui frappa Haïti en 2010, l’observation du bâti a permis de constater la per-tinence de certaines techniques constructives traditionnelles qui ont été en mesure de limiter l’exposition des occupants au risque de graves atteintes physiques. L’identification et la prise en compte des spécificités de l’habitat et des savoir-faire existants constituent les bases pour entamer une amélioration des modes de construction et renforcement des compétences en vue d’une réduction de la vulnérabilité à long terme des communautés locales. Cet article présente deux travaux de recherche abordant, selon deux approches complémentaires, la problématique de l’habitat en contexte à risque. L’un, en architecture, concerne une méthodologie participative pour l’analyse des pratiques constructives locales en vue de leur valorisation et amélioration technique. L’autre, en ingénierie, se focalise sur une étude scientifique expérimentale et numérique, concernant un système constructif utilisé pour la reconstruction post-séisme. Tras el seísmo que golpeó Haití en 2010, la observaciones han permitido constatar la pertinencia de algunas técnicas constructivas tradicionales que han podido limitar la exposición de los ocupantes al riesgo de graves daños físicos. El hecho de identificar y tener en cuenta las especificidades del hábitat y de los conocimientos y experiencias existentes constituye la base para emprender una mejora de los modos de construcción y un refuerzo de las competencias con vistas a reducir la vulnerabilidad a largo plazo en las comunidades locales. El presente artículo examina dos trabajos de investigación que abordan, siguiendo dos enfoques complementarios, la problemática del hábitat en un contexto de riesgo. Uno, en la arquitectura, relativo a una metodología participativa para el análisis de las prácticas constructivas locales con vistas a su valorización y mejora técnica. El otro, en la ingeniería, se centra en un estudio científico experimental y digital, relativo a un sistema constructivo utilizado para la reconstrucción postseísmo.

Published
2013

48. From tomographic images to mesoscopic modelling of triaxial behavior of concrete

Author

Piotrowska, E., Malecot, Y., Marin, P., Poinard, C., Laurent Daudeville, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Malecot, Yann

Subjects
Image segmentation, Concrete construction, Mesoscopic modeling, Confining pressures, Superconducting materials, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], [SPI.MECA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Mortar, Concrete buildings, Concrete behavior, Fracture mechanics, Concretes, Mesoscopic modelling, Tomographic images, Construction method, Internal structure, X-ray tomography, Tomography
Abstract

cited By 0; International audience; This paper focuses on the discrete modeling of triaxial behavior of concrete. The model developed for simulating the response of concrete specimens takes into account the heterogeneity at the mesoscopic scale. Behaviors of mortar, rock, and their interaction are identified a priori, by means of experimental tests on the mortar and the rock. The construction method of the discrete element assembly is based on the 3D segmentation of tomographic images. Such a method allows the modeling of concrete at the mesoscopic scale with an internal structure similar to the one of the concrete tested experimentally. The comparisons between numerical and experimental results show the model is capable to reproduce the triaxial behavior of concrete for confining pressure varying from 0 to 650 MPa.

Published
2013

49. Experimental Analysis of Concrete Behavior Under High Confinement

Author

Eric Buzaud, Laurent Daudeville, Xuan Hong Vu, Yann Malecot, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRAMAT (DAM/GRAMAT), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Malecot, Yann

Subjects
020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Water–cement ratio, Materials science, 0203 mechanical engineering, 021105 building & construction, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Geotechnical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Composite material, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], [SPI.MECA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]
Abstract

cited By 0; International audience

Published
2013

50. DEM Model of a Rigid Missile Impact on a Thin Concrete Slab

Author

Wenjie Shiu, Frédéric Donzé, Laurent Daudeville, Daudeville, Laurent, Buzaud E., Ionescu I. R., Voyiadjis G. Z., Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, [PHYS.MECA.STRU] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Missile, [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], 0203 mechanical engineering, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Slab, Geotechnical engineering, business
Abstract

cited By 0; International audience

Published
2013

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