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Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) is an extremely rare tumor of the respiratory system. The clinical presentation of PMEC is variable and nonspecific, including cough, hemoptysis, and wheezing, and may mimic other symptoms of pneumonia or asthma. Here, we present a case of PMEC in a 12-year-old male who was diagnosed with and treated for asthma for 2 years. The patient presented with symptoms of respiratory failure that did not respond to steroids or bronchodilator medications. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed an endotracheal tumor. The patient underwent complete tumor resection, with no signs of recurrence 6 months after treatment.

Primary laryngotracheobronchial amyloidosis is a rare pulmonary disease that can cause endobronchial stenosis. This disease has never previously been reported in Vietnam. We aimed to report a laryngotracheobronchial amyloidosis case in a 43-year-old female, which may be the first reported case in Vietnam. The patient had a 4-year history of progressive hoarseness, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. Multiple bronchial biopsies combined with detailed clinical information suggested an amyloidosis disease. Red congo staining was positive in bronchial samples, and a further workup found positive red congo staining in subcutaneous fatty tissue biopsy samples. Tracheostomy was performed due to severe dyspnea related to laryngeal stenosis. A multidisciplinary consultation was held, and chemotherapy with melphalan and dexamethasone were prescribed due to the systemic effects of the disease. After 2 cycles of chemotherapy, the patient showed improvement in dyspnea and cough. Due to the inexperience of both the clinicians and pathologists, this case was diagnosed quite late. In the future, if this diagnosis is considered in the differential diagnosis, an earlier diagnosis and better treatment outcome can be reached.