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Chronic inflammatory processes have long current during which there is a change of remission by an aggravation of disease. Until recently was considered, that occurrence and activation of chronic inflammatory process is caused by one signal of danger. Most often it are served with microorganisms. The sum of our end literary data shows that activation is connected with accumulation in the center of an inflammation of macrophages and their hyperactivation as a result of action of two signals of danger--microorganisms and xenobiotics.

Chronic influence of metals on an organism differs from their sharp toxic action. In some exposed to long chronic metals influence people appear chronic inflammatory diseases, including oncological, on a background of neurologic symptoms develop. Today the overwhelming majority of the population is more 40-50 years old have metal alloys in the form of dental artificial limbs and various implantates in a body. Because of metal corrosion in organisms of these people concentration of metal ions is created. Galvanic currents induced at presence of any metals in an organism, promote corrosion, and carry of metal ions inside organism. If these currents are strong (the potential difference more 150 MB), local inflammatory pathologies development in organism due to concentration in the center of metal ions.

Treatment of malignant tumors using radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunosuppressive drugs required to recover bone marrow transplant by the donor bone marrow or purified adult stem cells. During the next 1-15 years of follow up of these patients compared with healthy individuals of the same age increases the risk of multiple malignancies. It used to be attributed to the influence of therapeutic effects. However, it is revealed that some of the cells and the stroma of the secondary tumors are composed of descendants of transplanted stem cells. This indicates the important role of stem cells in tumor growth. This is also evidenced by numerous studies showing that adult stem cells from both mice and humans multiplied in vitro, after transplantation into the body give the sarcoma, cancer foci and other types of malignant growth. In this, malignant growth is most intense in the presence of focal chronic inflammation. No less than the experimental data, including those obtained in humans suggest that the transplanted stem cells actively colonize stroma of tumor tissue, stimulating the growth of the tumor and its metastasis. The human condition of survival is the presence of rigid homeostatic control mechanisms of low numbers of stem cells in the body and the limit their division, even in areas of regeneration. After the transplantation of stem cells their number in the bloodstream and, consequently, in the pathological foci of regeneration, increases in many dozens of times--this level can not be achieved by the organism itself. This leads to a sharp increase in the rate of regeneration of tissues, which creates conditions for amplification of malignant growth.

A new concept of malignant tumor growth is presented. In consists in the fact that the tumor cells in the body occur in specific immune tolerance. As s result, they form around the center of regeneration, which consists of activated towards the regeneration cells of the immune system, which support the formation and growth of the tumor. In the early stages of differentiation, precancerous cells are not able to attract immune cells and form the focus of regeneration, so the majority of them die. At the outbreak of chronic inflammation, which contains a high percentage of regeneration of activated immune cells, the conditions exists for the formation of a focus of regeneration and, hence, growth and activation of precancerous cells and their transformation into high-grade malignant cells. This concept defines new approaches to treatment. For effective cancer therapy is necessary to neutralize the regenerator chamber in the tumor tissue. The effectiveness of the regeneration of damaged human tissues can be achieved through regenerator chamber similar to that created in the malignant tissue, and the introduction of a stem cell.

In the group of 290 human having metal artificial limbs in an oral cavity, decrease in average value pH the mixed saliva in comparison with the persons who are not having metal inclusions was due to increase of percent of persons with sour reaction of saliva. Thus the degree of decrease the mixed saliva pH did not depend up on size of galvanic currents and presence of galvanic symptoms. The hypothesis was put forward, that decrease of saliva pH and development of galvanism was connected with local changes in a biofilm contacting to metal artificial prosthetic devices. Galvanic currents extended both on a surface of oral mucous membrane and in tissue. Clinical symptoms of galvanism we more expressed when galvanic currents flow manly in oral tissue.

The most important reasons for metal intolerance used for teeth treatment and dental prosthetics are allergic intolerance for the given metals and galvanic currents appearance in the oral cavity. Although they often have similar symptoms their differential diagnostics is very important for determination of correct tactics of treatment and further patient's course. The method of galvanic currents measurement in oral cavity was invented. Basing on data of clinical and laboratory examination of considerable group of human beings the principles of exact determination of galvanic currents in oral cavity including algorithm of determination of the received data clinical significance.

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been found on all cells of the body--cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, epithelial and endothelial cells, keratinocytes, etc. PRRs can recognize specific molecular structures of microorganisms as well as allergens and other substances. The interaction with ligands of foreign microorganisms activates PRRs, after which host cells start to produce cytokines to both specifically activate innate immunity and to control adaptive immune reactions. On the other hand, no immune response develops against microorganisms of the normal microflora. Practically, the development of all immune responses is controlled by PRRs. These responses start in epithelial cells, skin cells, and vascular epithelial cells, which meet alien first. The immune system uses these cells to control the composition of normal microflora. Accordingly, the definition of immune system functions should be complemented by the regulation of body's microflora in addition to the protection from alien and altered self.

Ninety-seven patients with mandibular fractures were examined: 55 in Yakutsk and 42 in Moscow. In the Yakutsk patients the inflammatory process much more frequently progressed to the development of infectious inflammatory complications at the site of fracture than in Moscow. More expressed shifts in the immunogram were observed mainly in the patients who later developed infectious inflammatory complications.

A total of 126 patients with odontogenic inflammatory diseases were examined, 54 of these in Moscow and 72 in Yakutsk. The clinical and immunological parameters were assessed on days 2 and 6 after similar operations. In residents of Yakutsk the inflammatory process was associated with a more expressed intoxication and coursed 1.5 to 2 days longer than in Muscovites; moreover, the residents of Yakutsk developed higher leukocytosis and a drop of T-lymphocyte level with the predominance of T-helpers. Hence, odontogenic inflammations take mainly a hyperergic course in Yakutsk and a normergic one in Moscow.

The treatment of 53 patients with lichen planus of the buccal mucosa included common methods of detoxication and immunomodulators in order to normalize the immune status and was supplemented with applications of codfish oil enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids. As a result of such treatment, the duration of exacerbation was shorter and a stable more than one-year remission was attained, associated with normalization of the immunological parameters. In patients with the erosive ulcerative form of lichen local applications of codfish oil and gargling with Potentilla tormentilla tincture were conducive to a sooner control of the process.

The authors analyze the results of diagnosis and treatment in 1062 patients with diffuse inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area and of complications of these diseases, such as mediastinitis, thrombosis of the cavernous sinus of the dura mater, meningoencephalitis. Improvement of the program of diagnosis and treatment helped improve the results: mortality from sepsis reduced from 50 to 26%. Approaches to prevention of progressive purulent infection are outlined.

Indices of immunogram (levels of T-, B-lymphocytes, amount of O-cells, indices of T-helpers and T-suppressors, adhesive and phagocytic activity of neutrophils, leukogram) were repeatedly studied in patients with phlegmon of maxillofacial area. A short-term recovery of the levels of T- and B-lymphocytes makes it possible to control the completeness of the surgical procedure. Shifts in the immunogram allow to reliably and objectively follow the development of the inflammatory process in patients with phlegmons of maxillofacial area.

Presents data on functioning of the oral cavity local immunity organ, gingival groove. Analyzes a relationship between the counts and functional activities of the cells from the gingival groove and oral cavity washing, specific features of these cells in various conditions of the maxillodental segment.

The authors have developed a complex of immunologic tests based on micromodifications of rapid methods of rosette formation and phagocytosis. The method requires the minimal amounts of cells and reagents, i.e. 0.03 ml of capillary blood from the finger is sufficient for the assessment of the general and local (round one tooth) immunity. Immunologic parameters of capillary blood, oral cavity washings, and material from the gingival groove were determined for the first time with the use of the above technique in normal subjects with sanitized oral cavity.

The immune status of 60 S. aureus carriers and 60 donors without carrier state was studied with respect to the interrelations of their antistaphylococcal immunity characteristics and natural resistance factors with the levels of different parameters. In contrast to the donors without carrier state, new interrelations between specific and nonspecific humoral immunity factors were shown to appear in S. aureus carriers, their blood sera having the elevated levels of bactericidal activity and the increased titers of staphylococcal antibodies. The phagocytic activity of the blood in the carriers proved to be below the normal level. The S. aureus carriers were found to have disturbances in the interrelations of their phagocytic activity and specific humoral immunity. The immune status of the carriers as characterized by the interrelations of its parameters is compared with the immune status of normal persons.