96 results on '"Leblois, E"'
Search Results
2. Influence of rainfall spatial variability on rainfall–runoff modelling: Benefit of a simulation approach?
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Emmanuel, I., Andrieu, H., Leblois, E., Janey, N., and Payrastre, O.
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- 2015
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3. Unfreezing Taylor’s Hypothesis for Precipitation
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Creutin, J.-D., Leblois, E., and Lepioufle, J.-M.
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- 2015
4. Characterizing Errors in Areal Rainfall Estimates: Application to Uncertainty Quantification and Decomposition in Hydrologic Modelling
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Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium (32nd : 2009 : Newcastle, Australia), Renard, B, Leblois, E, Kuczera, G, Kavetski, D, Thyer, M, and Franks, S
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- 2009
5. Temporal and spatial variability of rainfall at the urban hydrological scale
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Emmanuel, I., Andrieu, H., Leblois, E., and Flahaut, B.
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- 2012
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6. Analysis of the Relationship between Banded Orographic Convection and Atmospheric Properties Using Factorial Discriminant Analysis and Neural Networks
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Godart, A., Leblois, E., Anquetin, S., and Freychet, N.
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- 2010
7. Correlation and covariance of runoff revisited
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Gottschalk, L., Leblois, E., and Skøien, J.O.
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- 2011
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8. Rainfall regimes associated with banded convection in the Cévennes-Vivarais area
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Godart, A., Anquetin, S., and Leblois, E.
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- 2009
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9. Identifying major drivers of daily streamflow from large-scale atmospheric circulation with machine learning
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Hagen, J. S. Leblois, E. Lawrence, D. Solomatine, D. Sorteberg, A. and Hagen, J. S. Leblois, E. Lawrence, D. Solomatine, D. Sorteberg, A.
- Abstract
Previous studies linking large-scale atmospheric circulation and river flow with traditional machine learning techniques have predominantly explored monthly, seasonal or annual streamflow modelling for applications in direct downscaling or hydrological climate-impact studies. This paper identifies major drivers of daily streamflow from large-scale atmospheric circulation using two reanalysis datasets for six catchments in Norway representing various Köppen-Geiger climate types and flood-generating processes. A nested loop of roughly pruned random forests is used for feature extraction, demonstrating the potential for automated retrieval of physically consistent and interpretable input variables. Random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) for regression and multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks are compared to multiple-linear regression to assess the role of model complexity in utilizing the identified major drivers to reconstruct streamflow. The machine learning models were trained on 31 years of aggregated atmospheric data with distinct moving windows for each catchment, reflecting catchment-specific forcing-response relationships between the atmosphere and the rivers. The results show that accuracy improves to some extent with model complexity. In all but the smallest, rainfall-driven catchment, the most complex model, MLP, gives a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) ranging from 0.71 to 0.81 on testing data spanning five years. The poorer performance by all models in the smallest catchment is discussed in relation to catchment characteristics, sub-grid topography and local variability. The intra-model differences are also viewed in relation to the consistency between the automatically retrieved feature selections from the two reanalysis datasets. This study provides a benchmark for future development of deep learning models for direct downscaling from large-scale atmospheric variables to daily streamflow in Norway.
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- 2021
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10. 'Pluies de projet de bassin' : oui mais... Un outil pour les construire en attendant d'autres approches
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Poulard, C., Leblois, E., Faure, J.B., Royer, Q., IRSTEA LYON UR RIVERLY FRA, and IRSTEA AIX EN PROVENCE UR RECOVER FRA
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BASSIN VERSANT ,Pluie de projet de bassin ,PLUIE ,IdF ,PLUVIOMETRIE ,watersheds ,rain ,pluviometry - Abstract
/ Le code ARFAN (« Areal RainFall ANalyses ») permet l'analyse multidurées de chroniques de pluie à pas de temps fixe. Il peut traiter les chroniques ponctuelles, ou des « pluies de bassin » qui en sont déduites (méthode des polygones de Thiessen 'dynamique' recalculant les coefficients de pondération en fonction des lacunes, calcul géostatistique par simulations conditionnelles, permettant d'estimer l'incertitude [code externe SAMPO]). L'échantillonnage est réalisé en maxima annuels et par dépassement de seuils (avec contrôle du choix du seuil et des critères d'indépendance, et validation de l'échantillon obtenu). L'ajustement des lois de probabilité reconnues donne les quantiles. Répéter sur la chronique moyennée sur plusieurs durées produit les courbes Intensité-durée-Fréquence décrivant le régime des pluies fortes (de bassin le cas échéant). Ces IdF sont classiquement utilisées pour construire des « pluies de projet probabilistes », moyennant le choix a priori d'une forme, symétrique ou non (triangle, double triangle, hyétogramme « moyen »). Cependant, cet objet est subjectif et très réducteur. La pluie « de bassin » suppose une hypothèse d'homogénéité spatiale des pluies ; or la variabilité temporelle et spatiale des phénomènes est considérable y compris au sein du bassin, et gouverne l'effet concret de tous dispositifs. Une stratégie de gestion des crues, basée ou non sur des ouvrages à dimensionner, doit considérer cette variabilité des phénomènes. Un progrès possible est de travailler par simulation continue : générer des chroniques de débit à partir de longues chroniques de champs de pluie stochastiques. La méthode est plus exigeante à mettre en oeuvre, mais restitue une variabilité riche et réaliste, nécessaire pour évaluer véritablement l'aléa d'inondation et l'effet d'ouvrages sur cet aléa. ARFAN est un outil de recherche ouvert et évolutif, destiné à tester des méthodes. Une version stable sera aussi disponible pour des utilisations pédagogiques et à l'attention des services de l'État et des bureaux d'étude. Ces travaux bénéficient du soutien du Ministère français chargé de l'Environnement (convention Multirisques) et de partenariats (PHC franco-algérien Tassili ; université autonome de Querétaro, Mexique). SAMPO a été soutenu par divers acteurs (ANR Floodscale, CCR, EdF, Sintef).
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- 2019
11. Discharge analysis and runoff mapping applied to the evaluation of model performance
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Sauquet, E. and Leblois, E.
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- 2001
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12. Hydro-meteorological modelling of the Rhone basin: general presentation and objectives
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Ottlé, C., Etchevers, P., Golaz, C., Habets, F., Noilhan, J., Martin, E., Ledoux, E., Leblois, E., Sauquet, E., Amraoui, N., Artinian, E., Champeaux, J.L., Guérin, C., Lacarrère, P., le Moigne, P., Saulnier, G.M., Thiéry, D., Vidal-Madjar, D., and Voirin, S.
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- 2001
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13. Simulation of probabilistic precipitation fields using a geostatistical approach
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Nardo Caseri, A., De Angelis, C.F., Leblois, E., RiverLy (UR Riverly), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
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INCERTITUDE ,GEOSTATISTIQUE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,statistical uncertainty ,geostatistics ,precipitation - Abstract
International audience; Countless regions of the world have already been hit, at least once, by extreme flood events that have caused high socioeconomic and environmental losses, among others. Precipitation estimation data are essential to predict these events and generate alerts that can minimize the damage that can be caused. One of the main characteristics of these events is the high spatial and temporal variability. Due their complexity, the prediction has several sources of uncertainties, such as uncertainties from the observed rainfalls. These data, in turn, play an important role in the forecasting systems performances. This study has as main goal to develop a methodology, based on geostatistical method, able to generate possible scenarios of rainfall using meteorological radar and pluviometers data. The area of study is located in the region of Campinas, in the state of São Paulo, where numerous extreme events have already been detected. The obtained results show that the developed method in this study can be a solution to quantify the uncertainties that can be found in the precipitation data.
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- 2018
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14. The ISBA surface scheme in a macroscale hydrological model applied to the Hapex-Mobilhy area: Part II: Simulation of streamflows and annual water budget
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Habets, F, Noilhan, J, Golaz, C, Goutorbe, J.P, Lacarrère, P, Leblois, E, Ledoux, E, Martin, E, Ottlé, C, and Vidal-Madjar, D
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- 1999
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15. The ISBA surface scheme in a macroscale hydrological model applied to the Hapex-Mobilhy area: Part I: Model and database
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Habets, F, Noilhan, J, Golaz, C, Goutorbe, J.P, Lacarrère, P, Leblois, E, Ledoux, E, Martin, E, Ottlé, C, and Vidal-Madjar, D
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- 1999
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16. Réduction de l'aléa inondation par des actions en versant : est-ce que le contexte change la mesure de l'efficacité ?
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Benmamar, S., Poulard, C., Breil, P., Leblois, E., Faure, J.B., Paquier, André, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique [Alger] (ENP), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
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ALEA ,INONDATION ,flooding ,multicriteria analysis ,ANALYSE MULTICRITERE ,hazard ,integrated management ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,GESTION INTEGREE - Abstract
3rd European Conference on Flood Risk Management (FLOODrisk 2016), Lyon, FRA, 19-/10/2016 - 21/10/2016; International audience; For sustainable and integrated flood management, small actions in the hillslopes and non-structural measures appear interesting, either to diminish the need for large flood mitigation infrastructures (whether sewerage networks or hydraulic structures in the river - which may have severe impact on the river ecosystems), or as complementary to these structures. However, the effect on flood mitigation of land-use modification and small storage or runoff control facilities is still debated in scientific literature. The effect of various structures spread over the catchment is difficult to assess, and hazardous to generalize from one studied catchment to another, which explains why the debate is still open. This study contributes to identify context features that could also explain constrasting results. Focusing on a West-Mediterranean Northern and Southern countries literature, we compare first traditionnal and modern hillslope actions against runoff in both countries. Then, we search in the physical contexts differences that might explain why actions in the hillslopes are more studied in Europe than in Maghreb. But the priorities of national or regional policies also explain differences in the perception of efficiency: the interest of hillslope actions is different if the aim is to limit erosion and pollutant transfer and/or to mitigate large floods. Pollution and how ecological status is taken into account in flood mitigation project assessment are also crucial points.
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- 2016
17. Des champs de pluie stochastiques pour le diagnostic probabiliste de l'aléa inondation
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Poulard, C., Leblois, E., Faure, J.B., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
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INONDATION ,HYDROLOGIE STOCHASTIQUE ,flooding ,DIAGNOSTIC ,diagnosis ,PLUIE ,[SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques ,rain ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,simulation - Abstract
International audience; Probabilistic flood hazard assessment are usually carried out through juxtaposed reach-wise hydraulic simulations, using as input “representative” hydrographs for the studied return periods - at least by their peak discharge. However, reach-wise approaches have drawbacks, especially in the presence of natural or man-made singularities. An approach based on continuous simulation is developed to better assess flood hazard at the scale of the catchment and of the flood regime. A stochastic rainfall fields generator yields continuous times series, thus keeping the variability of the rainfall fields. Catchment-wise rainfall-runoff modelling, completed when necessary by a hydraulic model, allows to reproduce the individual and combined response of each feature to a heterogeneous rainfall event. The current CPU performances allow to process long rainfall time-series, but the codes have to be adapted to deal with unusually long input and output files. Local flood quantiles are then derived from discharge time-series, and flooding probability can be derived from local inundation frequency. This approach can be used in all contexts, urban floods or catchment-scale management; the modules have just to be chosen accordingly. This approach offers many perspectives, and in particular to better estimate local expected annual damages using damages time-series and multivariate damage curves.
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- 2016
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18. Advances in flash floods understanding and modelling derived from the FloodScale project in south-east France
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Braud, Isabelle, Ayral, P.A., Bouvier, Christophe, Branger, F., Delrieu, G., Dramais, G., Le Coz, J., Leblois, E., Nord, G., Vandervaere, J.P., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement Industriel (LGEI), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG )
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modelling ,CYCLE DE L'EAU ,ZABR - SITE ATELIER RIVIÈRES CÉVENOLES ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,[SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques ,ZABR ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,flash flood ,MODELISATION ,CRUE SOUDAINE - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]ARCEAUFLOODrisk 2016, 3rd European Conference on Flood Risk Management, Innovation, Implementation, Integration, Lyon, FRA, 18-/10/2016 - 20/10/2016; International audience; The Mediterranean area is prone to intense rainfall events triggering flash floods, characterized by very short response times that sometimes lead to dramatic consequences in terms of casualties and damages. These events can affect large territories, but their impact may be very local in catchments that are generally ungauged. These events remain difficult to predict and the processes leading to their generation still need to be clarified. The HyMeX initiative (Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment, 2010-2020) aims at increasing our understanding of the water cycle in the Mediterranean basin, in particular in terms of extreme events. In order to better understand processes leading to flash floods, a four-year experiment (2012-2015) was conducted in the Cévennes region (South-East) France as part of the FloodScale project. Both continuous and opportunistic measurements during floods were conducted in two large catchments (Ardèche and Gard rivers) with nested instrumentation from the hillslopes to catchments of about 1, 10, 100 to 1000 km2 covering contrasted geology and land use. Continuous measurements include distributed rainfall, stream water level, discharge, water temperature and conductivity and soil moisture measurements. Opportunistic measurements include surface soil moisture and geochemistry sampling during events and gauging of floods using non-contact methods: portable radars to measure surface water velocity or image sequence analysis using LS-PIV (Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry). During the period 2012-2014, and in particular during autumn 2014, several intense events affected the catchments and provided very rich data sets. Data collection was complemented with modelling activity aiming at simulating observed processes. The modelling strategy was setup through a wide range of scales, in order to test hypotheses about physical processes at the smallest scales, and aggregated functioning hypothesis at the largest scales. During the project, a focus was also put on the improvement of rainfall fields characterization both in terms of spatial and temporal variability and in terms of uncertainty quantification. Rainfall reanalyses combining radar and rain gauges were developed. Rainfall simulation using a stochastic generator was also performed. Another effort was dedicated to the improvement of discharge estimation during floods and the quantification of streamflow uncertainties using Bayesian techniques. The paper summarizes the main results gained from the observations and the subsequent modelling activity in terms of flash flood process understanding at the various scales. It concludes on how the new acquired knowledge can be used for prevention and management of flash floods.
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- 2016
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19. Une approche géostatistique spatio-temporelle pour la prévision immédiate d'ensemble de pluies
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Caseri, A., Ramos, M.H., Javelle, P., Leblois, E., Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), and Hydrosystèmes et bioprocédés (UR HBAN)
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GEOSTATISTIQUE ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,[SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques ,geostatistics ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology - Abstract
3rd European Conference on Flood Risk Management, Lyon, FRA, 17-/10/2016 - 21/10/2016; International audience; Nowcasting systems are essential to prevent extreme events and reduce their socio-economic impacts. The major challenge of these systems is to capture high-risk situations in advance, with good accuracy, location and time. Uncertainties associated with the precipitation events have an impact on the hydrological forecasts, especially when it concerns localized flash flood events. Radar monitoring can help to detect the space-time evolution of rain fields, but nowcasting techniques are needed to go beyond the observation and provide scenarios of rainfall for the next hours of the event. In this study, we investigate a space-time geostatistical framework to generate multiple scenarios of future rainfall. The rainfall ensemble is generated based on space-time properties of precipitation fields given by radar measurements and rainfall data from rain gauges. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of a framework that applies a geostatistical conditional simulation method to generate an ensemble nowcasting of rainfall fields. The Var region (south eastern France) and 14 events are used to validate the approach. Results show that the proposed method can be a solution to combine information from radar fields and rain gauges to generate nowcasting rainfall fields adapted for flash flood alert.
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- 2016
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20. Quelle stratégie d’observation et de modélisation pour l’étude des crues rapides
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Branger, Frédéric, Braud, Isabelle, Debionne, S., Viallet, P., Dehotin, J., Hénine, H., Nédélec, Y., Anquetin, Sandrine, Ayral, P.A., Bouvier, Christophe, Delrieu, G., Le Coz, Mathieu, Nord, J., Vandervaere, J-P, Adamovic, Marko, Carreau, Julie, Confoland, A., Didon-Lescot, J.F., Domergue, J.M., DOUVINET, Johnny, Dramais, G., Freydier, R., Gérard, S., Huza, J., Leblois, E., Le Bourgeois, Olivier, Le Boursicaud, R., Marchand, Pierre, Martin, P., Nottale, L., Patris, N., Renard, B., Seidel, J.L., Taupin, J.D., Vannier, O., Vincendon, B., Wijbrans, A., centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement Industriel (LGEI), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech, Hydrosystèmes et bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
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[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology - Abstract
Observation et modélisation hydro-météorologique multi-échelle pour la compréhension et la simulation des crues éclairs. Quels apports pour les gestionnaires de territoires et les fournisseurs de services?; International audience; Chaque année, spécialement à l’automne, des épisodes pluvieux intenses, dits Méditerranéens, affectent les départements du sud de la France. Ces épisodes, conduisant à des cumuls de pluie importants (quelques centaines de mm en quelques heures ou quelques jours). La figure de la diapo 1, tirée du site de Météo-France ;présente le nombre d’épisodes par an avec un cumul de pluie >150mm /jour et on voit que les départements du sud de la France, principalement le Gard, l’Ardèche et l’Hérault sont les départements les plus affectés. Ces épisodes de pluie conduisent souvent à des crues rapides, parfois dévastatrices. Les exemples récents incluent Nîmes en 1988, Vaison la Romaine en 1992, l’Aude en 1999, le Gard en 2002, le Var en 2010 ou les Alpes Maritimes en 2015, sans oublier la dizaine d’épisodes ayant affecté le sud de la France en 2014. Les conséquences de ces crues sont des submersions de bâtiments, mais aussi des coupures de route sur des petits cours d’eau coupant le réseau hydrographique. L’analyse des victimes de la crue de septembre 2002 dans le Gard a ainsi montré qu’environ la moitié des victimes, plutôt jeunes, avaient péri sur des petits bassins de taille 1000 km (Ruin et al., 2008). Sur les petits bassins, il y a très peu d’informations car, en France, la majorité des stations hydrométriques concernent des bassins de plus de 50 km et l’alerte hydrologique (Vigicrues) concerne les cours d’eau principaux.
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- 2015
21. Génération de précipitations d'ensemble pour l'alerte aux crues et la gestion du risque
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Caseri, A., Javelle, P., Ramos, M.H., Leblois, E., Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie (UR OHAX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), and Hydrosystèmes et bioprocédés (UR HBAN)
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HYDROLOGY ,PREVISION ,FLOOD ALERT ,HYDROLOGIE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,CRUE ,FORECAST ,HIGH WATER ,WARNING SYSTEM ,ENSEMBLE PRECIPITATION ,SYSTEME D'ALERTE ,WEATHER RADAR - Abstract
EGU General Assembly 2015, Vienne, AUT, 12-/04/2015 - 17/04/2015; International audience; Floods represent one of the major natural disasters that are often responsible for fatalities and economic losses. Flood warning systems are needed to anticipate the arrival of severe events and mitigate their impacts. Flood alerts are particularly important for risk management and response in the nowcasting of flash floods. In this case, precipitation fields observed in real time play a crucial role and observational uncertainties must be taken into account. In this study, we investigate the potential of a framework which combines a geostatistical conditional simulation method that considers information from precipitation radar and rain gauges, and a distributed rainfall-runoff model to generate an ensemble of precipitation fields and produce probabilistic flood alert maps. We adapted the simulation method proposed by Leblois and Creutin (2013), based on the Turning Band Method (TBM) and a conditional simulation approach, to consider the temporal and spatial characteristics of radar data and rain gauge measurements altogether and generate precipitation ensembles. The AIGA system developed by Irstea and Météo-France for predicting flash floods in the French Mediterranean region (Javelle et al., 2014) was used to transform the generated precipitation ensembles into ensembles of discharge at the outlet of the studied catchments. Finally, discharge ensembles were translated into maps providing information on the probability of exceeding a given flood threshold. A total of 19 events that occurred between 2009 and 2013 in the Var region (southeastern France), a region prone to flash floods, was used to illustrate the approach. Results show that the proposed method is able to simulate an ensemble of realistic precipitation fields and capture peak flows of flash floods. This was shown to be particularly useful at ungauged catchments, where uncertainties on the evaluation of flood peaks are high. The results obtained also show that the approach developed can be used to improve risk management by enabling the display of probabilistic information on discharges exceeding critical thresholds over the study area. The proposed method could be a solution to merge radar and rain gauges information, while quantifying the observed precipitation uncertainties in flash flood nowcasting.
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- 2015
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22. Influence of soil hydrodynamic characteristics variability on surface and subsurface flows at a vegetative buffer strip scale
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Gatel, L., Lauvernet, C., Paniconi, C., Carluer, N., Leblois, E, IRSTEA LYON UR MALY FRA, INRS ETE QUEBEC CAN, and IRSTEA LYON UR HHLY FRA
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SOIL ,SOL ,DISPOSITIF ENHERBE ,FREE SURFACE FLOW ,CARACTERISTIQUE HYDRODYNAMIQUE ,ECOULEMENT A SURFACE LIBRE ,GRASS-COVERED BUFFER ZONE ,Physics::Geophysics - Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of soil hydrodynamic characteristics variability on surface and subsurface flows at a vegetative buffer strip scale, using mechanist modeling. Cathy (CATchment HYdrology, Camporese et al. 2010) is a research partial-differential-equation-based model, solving Richards equation in 3 dimensions for water fluxes in the soil, and a simplified scheme of Navier-Stokes equation for surface runoff. Its particularity is to handle interactions between surface and subsurface, which is a key point concerning water but also solute transport in vegetative filter strips. Balance between runoff and infiltration, flow pathways, water content, are very sensitive to hydrodynamic characteristics, especially saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). This soil property is very difficult to measure and to describe at a fine scale, since it is highly variable spatially in the 3 dimensions. Models described by PDE such as Richards equation need a value of Ksat at each soil layer and each node, though simpler conceptual modeling run with average values of larger cells or storages, using some 'representative Ksat' at a larger scale. This kind of models however can simulate with high quality the processes despite the simplifications they make on parametrization. Using a mechanist and physically-based modeling, we evaluate the influence of Ksat high spatial variability on fluxes, by comparison with observations from an experimental vegetative filter strip. It should allow to understand until which degree of simplification one can describe hydrodynamic characteristics in modeling for more conceptual models.
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- 2015
23. Précipitations : faire la distinction entre l'hypothèse de Taylor et celle d'un champ figé
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Creutin, J.D., Leblois, E., Lepioufle, J.M., Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Norwegian Meteorological Institute
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PRECIPITATION ATMOSPHERIQUE ,MODELE STOCHASTIQUE ,STOCHASTIC MODELS ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology ,RADAR ,ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION - Abstract
International audience; Since the seminal work of Zawadzki in the seventies, the so-called Taylor's "frozen" hypothesis has been regularly used to study the statistical properties of rainfall patterns. This hypothesis yields a drastic simplification in terms of symmetry of the space-time structure-the large-scale advection velocity is the conversion factor used to link the time and space autocorrelation functions (ACFs) of the small-scale variability. This study revisits the frozen hypothesis with a geostatistical model. Using analytical developments and numerical simulations tuned on available case studies from the literature, the role of large- and small-scale rainfall kinematics on the properties of the space-time ACF and associated fluctuations is investigated. In particular, the merits and limits of the ACF signature classically used to test the frozen hypothesis are examined. The conclusion is twofold. Taylor's hypothesis, understood as the quest for a space-time symmetry in rain field variability, remains important in hydrometeorology four decades after the pioneering work of Zawadzki. The frozen hypothesis, introduced for simplification purposes, appears difficult to check and too constraining. The methods proposed to check the hypothesis rely too directly on the use of the advection velocity as a space-time conversion factor instead of contemplating the ACF signature more globally. The model proposed that using two characteristic velocities instead of one appears more flexible to fit the ACF behaviors presented in the literature. This remains to be checked over a long-term high-resolution dataset.
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- 2015
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24. Génération d'ensembles de précipitation pour l'alerte aux crues et la gestion de risque
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Caseri, A., Ramos, M.H., Javelle, P., Leblois, E., Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie (UR OHAX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Hydrosystèmes et bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), and Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN)
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INONDATION ,PRECIPITATION ATMOSPHERIQUE ,INCERTITUDE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,CRUE SOUDAINE ,SYSTEME D'ALERTE ,PREVENTION DES RISQUES - Abstract
6th International Conference on Flood Management (ICFM6), Sao Paulo, BRA, 16-/09/2014 - 18/09/2014; International audience; Precipitation fields are crucial for hydrological forecasting. A forecasting system comprising a rainfall-runoff model uses observed and forecast precipitation to forecast discharges several hours to days ahead, which will be used for flood alert and risk management. Many sources of uncertainty play a role in a hydrological forecasting system, including uncertainties coming from the observed precipitation fields used as input data. One approach to take into account these uncertainties is to generate an ensemble of possible scenarios of observed precipitation. The aim of this study is to create an ensemble of precipitation fields merging information from rainfall radar and rain gauges. To do that, the turning bands method (TBM) adapted by Leblois and Creutin (2013) is applied in a new manner, eg with: 1) the generator parameters estimated from radar rainfall fields and 2) the generated fields conditioned on precipitation data measured by rain gauges. The case of a rainfall event observed in the Var region (southeastern France) is used to illustrate the method. Results show that ensemble simulation experiments conditioned on point measurements can be useful to quantify the uncertainties of precipitation fields observed by rain gauges. The proposed method could be a solution to merge radar and rain gauges information, while quantifying the observed precipitations uncertainties.
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- 2014
25. Observation et modélisation hydrométéorologique multi-échelles pour la compréhension des crues rapides
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Braud, I., Ayral, P.A., Bouvier, C., Branger, F., Delrieu, G., Le Coz, J., Nord, G., Vandervaere, J.P., Anquetin, S., Adamovic, M., Andrieu, J., Batiot-Guilhe, Christelle, Boudevillain, B., Brunet, P., Carreau, J., Confoland, A., F, Didon Lescot J, Domergue, J.M., DOUVINET, Johnny, Dramais, G., Freydier, R., Gérard, S., Huza, J., Leblois, E., Le Bourgeois, O., Le Boursicaud, R., Marchand, P., Martin, P., Nottale, L., Patris, N., Renard, B., Seidel, J.L., Taupin, J.D., Vannier, O., Vincendon, B., Wijbrans, A., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
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[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,HYDROMETEOROLOGY ,ANALYSE MULTI-ECHELLE ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,CRUE SOUDAINE ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,HYDROMETEOROLOGIE - Abstract
International audience; This paper presents a coupled observation and modelling strategy aiming at improving the understanding of processes triggering flash floods. This strategy is illustrated for the Mediterranean area using two French catchments (Gard and Ardèche) larger than 2000 km2. The approach is based on the monitoring of nested spatial scales: (1) the hillslope scale, where processes influencing the runoff generation and its concentration can be tackled; (2) the small to medium catchment scale (1–100 km2), where the impact of the network structure and of the spatial variability of rainfall, landscape and initial soil moisture can be quantified; (3) the larger scale (100–1000 km2), where the river routing and flooding processes become important. These observations are part of the HyMeX (HYdrological cycle in the Mediterranean EXperiment) enhanced observation period (EOP), which will last 4 years (2012–2015). In terms of hydrological modelling, the objective is to set up regional-scale models, while addressing small and generally ungauged catchments, which represent the scale of interest for flood risk assessment. Topdown and bottom-up approaches are combined and the models are used as “hypothesis testing” tools by coupling model development with data analyses in order to incrementally evaluate the validity of model hypotheses. The paper first presents the rationale behind the experimental set-up and the instrumentation itself. Second, we discuss the associated modelling strategy. Results illustrate the potential of the approach in advancing our understanding of flash flood processes on various scales.
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- 2014
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26. Space-time simulation of intermittent rainfall with prescribed advection field: Adaptation of the turning band method
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Leblois, E., Creutin, J.D., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
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PRECIPITATION ATMOSPHERIQUE ,MODELISATION SPATIOTEMPORELLE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,SIMULATION DE PLUIE ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Abstract
Space-time rainfall simulation is useful to study questions like, for instance, the propagation of rainfall-measurement uncertainty in hydrological modeling. This study adapts a classical Gaussian field simulation technique, the turning-band method, in order to produce sequences of rainfall fields satisfying three key features of actual precipitation systems: (i) the skewed point distribution and the space-time structure of nonzero rainfall (NZR); (ii) the average probability and the space-time structure of intermittency; and (iii) a prescribed advection field. The acronym of our simulator is SAMPO, for simulation of advected mesoscale precipitations and their occurrence. SAMPO assembles various theoretical developments available from the literature. The concept of backtrajectories introduces a priori any type of advection field in the heart of the turning band method (TBM). TBM outputs transformation into rainfall fields with a desired structure is controlled using Chebyshev-Hermite polynomial expansion. The intermittency taken as a binary process statistically independent of the NZR process allows the use of a common algorithm for both processes. The 3-D simulation with a space-time anisotropy captures important details of the precipitation kinematics summarized by the Taylor velocity of both NZR and intermittency. A case study based on high-resolution weather radar data serves as an example of model inference. Illustrative simulations revisit some classical questions about rainfall variography like the influence of advection or intermittency. They also show the combined role of Taylor’s and advection velocities.
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- 2013
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27. Towards a reliable decomposition of predictive uncertainty in hydrological modeling: Characterizing rainfall errors using conditional simulation
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Renard, B., Kavetski, D., Leblois, E., Thyer, M., Kuczera, G., Franks, S.W., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), School of Engineering, Newcastle University [Newcastle], School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Adelaide, and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Adelaide]
- Subjects
MODELE HYDROLOGIQUE ,YZERON COURS D'EAU ,INCERTITUDE ,STATISTIQUE BAYESIENNE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
This study explores the decomposition of predictive uncertainty in hydrological modeling into its contributing sources. This is pursued by developing data-based probability models describing uncertainties in rainfall and runoff data, and incorporating them into the Bayesian Total Error Analysis methodology (BATEA). A case study based on the Yzeron catchment (France) and the conceptual rainfall-runoff model GR4J is presented. It exploits a calibration period where dense raingauge data is available to characterize the uncertainty in the catchment-average rainfall using geostatistical conditional simulation. The inclusion of information about rainfall and runoff data uncertainties overcomes ill-posedness problems and enables simultaneous estimation of forcing and structural errors as part of the Bayesian inference. This yields more reliable predictions than approaches that ignore or lump different sources of uncertainty in a simplistic way (e.g., standard least squares). It is shown that independently-derived data quality estimates are needed to decompose the total uncertainty in the runoff predictions into the individual contributions of rainfall, runoff and structural errors. In this case study, the total predictive uncertainty appears dominated by structural errors. Although further research is needed to interpret and verify this decomposition, it can provide strategic guidance for investments in environmental data collection and/or modeling improvement. More generally, this study demonstrates the power of the Bayesian paradigm to improve the reliability of environmental modeling using independent estimates of sampling and instrumental data uncertainties.
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- 2011
- Full Text
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28. A space-time geostatistical approach for ensemble rainfall nowcasting
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Caseri, A., primary, Ramos, M.-H., additional, Javelle, P., additional, and Leblois, E., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Generating precipitation ensembles for flood alert and risk management
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Caseri, A., primary, Javelle, P., additional, Ramos, M.H., additional, and Leblois, E., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Design of dry dams at watershed scale: lessons learnt from sensitivity analyses using a simple but consistent rainfall-runoff model
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Leblois, E., Poulard, C., Faure, J.B., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
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BASSIN VERSANT ,ECHELLE SPATIALE ,MODELE HYDROLOGIQUE ,QUANTIFICATION DE L'EFFICACITE D'AMENAGEMENTS ,SCENARIO ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ANALYSE DE SENSIBILITE ,SCENARIOS DE PLUIE STOCHASTIQUES ,BARRAGE A PERTUIS OUVERT ,BARRAGE SEC - Abstract
International audience; We investigate the assessment of the overall efficiency of a set of dry dams on flood mitigation. To ensure the spatial consistence of our flood scenarios, we used a stochastic rainfall simulator to generate rainfall fields representative of the climatology of a 150 km² catchment near Lyon. The influence of the variability and spatial structure of the rainfall on the choice of the best locations for a set of dams was previously studied using a simplistic rainfall-runoff model. The estimated optimum is highly dependent to the choice of the sub-sets of events, confirming that assessments based on a limited number of scenarios are heavily flawed. A large set of events, representative of the regime, is indispensable. For further investigations of this approach, a cascade-of-reservoirs conceptual model now computes the rainfall-runoff transformation and can optionally be chained to a 1D-hydraulic models. This increases both results consistence and computation-time, however sensitivity analyses remain accessible. We studied optimisation of outlet dimensions in addition to dam location. The effect of a given solution at a given point is represented over a wide range of flood probability, versus peak flood return period, but also versus peak volume return period, which strongly influences the mitigation potential.
- Published
- 2010
31. Le changement climatique menace-t-il les ressources en eau ? Le cas des bassins de la Seine et de la Somme
- Author
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Ducharne, Agnès, Habets, Florence, Viennot, Pascal, Boé, Julien, Bourqui, M., Crespi, O., Déqué, M., Evaux, L., Gascoin, S., Hachour, A., Leblois, E., Lepelletier, T., Maisonnave, E., Martin, E., Mouchel, Jean-Marie, Moulin, L., Oudin, L., Pagé, C., Perrier, A., Ribstein, Pierre, Rieu, J., Sauquet, E., Terray, L., Thiéry, Dominique, Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), CERFACS, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
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[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,ressources en eau ,réchauffement climatique - Published
- 2009
32. Variabilité spatiale de la teneur en eau de surface des sols nus par mesures in situ et imagerie radar
- Author
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Braud, I., Gonzales Sosa, E., Mastachi Loza, C., Aubert, M., Leblois, E., Jankowfsky, S., Baghdadi, N., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)
- Subjects
EAU DE SURFACE ,GEOSTATISTIQUE ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,CALIBRATION RADIOMETRIQUE ,PARCELLE ,TELEDETECTION ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,RADAR - Abstract
National audience; On présente l'analyse géostatistique de la teneur en eau de surface (0-6 cm de profondeur) collectée les 12 et 13 Mars 2009, sur une quinzaine de parcelles de sol nu d'un petit bassin péri-urbain proche de Lyon. Les mesures in situ, ont été collectées à deux échelles : une échelle locale sur des croix de longueur 20m et un pas d'espace de 1m et une échelle parcellaire sur 3 transects avec un pas de 20m environ. Les résultats montrent une corrélation de quelques m à échelle fine et de 20 à 50m à l'échelle de la parcelle. Après correction du bruit, calibration radiométrique et correction des effets géométriques et de pente, la comparaison des moyennes par parcelles issues de l'image radar TerraSAR-X et des mesures in situ est satisfaisante (R2=0.43) mais l'analyse intra-parcellaire reste à affiner. / This paper presents the geostatistical analysis of surface soil water content (0-6 cm depth), collected on March 12-13 2009, in about 15 bare soil fields located in a small suburban catchment close to Lyon. In situ data were sampled at two scales : a local scale on 20m-long crosses with a space step of about 1m; a field scale, with 3 transects and a space scale of about 20m. The results show a correlation of a few meters at the local scale and of about 20-50m at the field scale. After correction of the noise, radiometric calibration, geometric and slope effect correction, the comparison of the field averages derived from the TerraSAR-X image and of in situ data is satisfactory (R2=0.43), but the intra-field variability should be studied in more details.
- Published
- 2009
33. Towards a better knowledge and management of flood risks in urban area: the RIVES project
- Author
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El, kadi Abderrezzak K., Paquier, A., Rivière, N., Leblois, E., Guinot, V., Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Brelot, Elodie, and Service irevues, irevues
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flooding ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,hydraulique ,hydraulics ,[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,inondation - Abstract
Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. International.; International audience
- Published
- 2007
34. Rainfall hazard assessment : a geostatistically based methodology
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Leblois, E., Ramos, M.H., Guillon, A., Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Brelot, Elodie, Service irevues, irevues, and Jeannon, Veronique
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flooding ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,rainfall ,pluie ,inondation ,[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.; International audience
- Published
- 2007
35. Multi-scale hydrometeorological observation and modelling for flash flood understanding
- Author
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Braud, I., Ayral, P. A., Bouvier, C., Branger, F., Delrieu, G., Le Coz, J., Nord, G., Vandervaere, J. P., Anquetin, S., Adamovic, M., Andrieu, J., Batiot, C., Boudevillain, B., Brunet, P., Carreau, Julie, Confoland, A., Didon-Lescot, J. F., Domergue, J. M., Douvinet, J., Dramais, G., Freydier, R., Gérard, S., Huza, J., Leblois, E., Le Bourgeois, O., Le Boursicaud, R., Marchand, P., Martin, P., Nottale, L., Patris, N., Renard, B., Seidel, J. L., Taupin, J. D., Vannier, O., Vincendon, B., Wijbrans, A., Braud, I., Ayral, P. A., Bouvier, C., Branger, F., Delrieu, G., Le Coz, J., Nord, G., Vandervaere, J. P., Anquetin, S., Adamovic, M., Andrieu, J., Batiot, C., Boudevillain, B., Brunet, P., Carreau, Julie, Confoland, A., Didon-Lescot, J. F., Domergue, J. M., Douvinet, J., Dramais, G., Freydier, R., Gérard, S., Huza, J., Leblois, E., Le Bourgeois, O., Le Boursicaud, R., Marchand, P., Martin, P., Nottale, L., Patris, N., Renard, B., Seidel, J. L., Taupin, J. D., Vannier, O., Vincendon, B., and Wijbrans, A.
- Published
- 2014
36. Multi-scale hydrometeorological observation and modelling for flash flood understanding
- Author
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Braud, I., primary, Ayral, P.-A., additional, Bouvier, C., additional, Branger, F., additional, Delrieu, G., additional, Le Coz, J., additional, Nord, G., additional, Vandervaere, J.-P., additional, Anquetin, S., additional, Adamovic, M., additional, Andrieu, J., additional, Batiot, C., additional, Boudevillain, B., additional, Brunet, P., additional, Carreau, J., additional, Confoland, A., additional, Didon-Lescot, J.-F., additional, Domergue, J.-M., additional, Douvinet, J., additional, Dramais, G., additional, Freydier, R., additional, Gérard, S., additional, Huza, J., additional, Leblois, E., additional, Le Bourgeois, O., additional, Le Boursicaud, R., additional, Marchand, P., additional, Martin, P., additional, Nottale, L., additional, Patris, N., additional, Renard, B., additional, Seidel, J.-L., additional, Taupin, J.-D., additional, Vannier, O., additional, Vincendon, B., additional, and Wijbrans, A., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Corrigendum to "Analysis of the French insurance market exposure to floods: a stochastic model combining river overflow and surface runoff" published in Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2469–2485, 2014
- Author
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Moncoulon, D., primary, Labat, D., additional, Ardon, J., additional, Leblois, E., additional, Onfroy, T., additional, Poulard, C., additional, Aji, S., additional, Rémy, A., additional, and Quantin, A., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Analysis of the French insurance market exposure to floods: a stochastic model combining river overflow and surface runoff
- Author
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Moncoulon, D., primary, Labat, D., additional, Ardon, J., additional, Leblois, E., additional, Onfroy, T., additional, Poulard, C., additional, Aji, S., additional, Rémy, A., additional, and Quantin, A., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Hydro-meteorological modelling of the Rhone basin : general presentation and objectives
- Author
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Ottle, Catherine, Etchevers, Pierre, Golaz, C., Noilhan, Joël, Martin, E., Ledoux, Emmanuel, Leblois, E., Sauquet, Eric, Amraoui, Nadia, Artinian, E., Champeaux, Jean-Louis, Lacarrere, Pierre, Moigne, P. L., Saulnier, Georges-Marie, Thiéry, Denis, Madjar, D. J., Voirin, S., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Informatique Géologique (CIG), ARMINES-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Santé Végétale (SV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes - Abstract
International audience; The paper presents the French national effort undertaken these 5 last years in order to build a hydrological modelisation of the Rhone catchment, coupling the surface and the atmosphere at regional scale. The modelling strategy is based on the coupling of the operational surface model (the ISBA SVAT scheme), the snow model (CROCUS) of Meteo-France and the distributed hydrological model MODCOU developed at Centre d'Informatique Géologique de l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris (CIG/ENSMP). As a first step, the coupled model (called in the following CIRSE) uses prescribed atmospheric forcing deduced from meteorological analysis. Several high resolution databases on a fourteen-year period have been constituted. The first part of the article presents the meteorological forcing database, the discharges database and the soil and vegetation maps. Then, the first results of CIRSE model and its validation on the riverflows are shown. As the coupled model was proved to be able to simulate present hydrology characteristics, it was finally used to conduct a preliminary climate change impact study. The impact of surface air temperature and precipitation variations on the hydrological cycle in a doubling CO2 scenario simulated by the Meteo-France climate General Circulation Model (GCM) are shown.
- Published
- 2001
40. Analysis of the French insurance market exposure to floods: a stochastic model combining river overflow and surface runoff
- Author
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Moncoulon, D., primary, Labat, D., additional, Ardon, J., additional, Onfroy, T., additional, Leblois, E., additional, Poulard, C., additional, Aji, S., additional, Rémy, A., additional, and Quantin, A., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Generating precipitation ensembles for flood alert and risk management.
- Author
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Caseri, A., Javelle, P., Ramos, M.H., and Leblois, E.
- Subjects
FLOOD risk ,METEOROLOGICAL precipitation ,FLOOD warning systems ,GEOLOGICAL statistics ,FLOOD forecasting ,HYDROLOGIC models - Abstract
Floods are major natural disasters that, in several occasions, can be responsible for life losses and severe economic damages. Flood forecasting and alert systems are needed to anticipate the arrival of these events and mitigate their impacts. They are particularly important for risk management and response in the nowcasting of flash floods. In this case, precipitation fields are crucial and is important to consider uncertainties coming from the observed precipitation fields used as input data to the system. One approach to take into account these uncertainties is to generate an ensemble of possible scenarios of observed precipitation. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of a framework that applies a geostatistical conditional simulation method to generate an ensemble of precipitation fields that can be used as input to a distributed rainfall-runoff model to produce probabilistic flood alert maps. The Var region (southeastern France) and 17 events are used to validate the approach. Results show that the proposed method can be useful to generate realistic precipitation scenarios and, ultimately, to provide information on the probability of discharges exceeding critical flood thresholds. It can be a solution to combine information from radar fields and rain gauges to generate precipitation ensembles and quantify uncertainties in input data for hydrological modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Interactions surface continentale/atmosphère : l'expérience HAPEX-Sahel
- Author
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Leblois, E., Oberlin, G., Hoepffner, Michel (ed.), Lebel, Thierry (ed.), and Monteny, Bruno (ed.)
- Subjects
REGIME HYDROLOGIQUE ,COURS D'EAU ,VARIATION SPATIALE ,ECOULEMENT DE SURFACE ,MODELISATION ,METHODOLOGIE - Abstract
La lame d'eau interannuelle écoulée par un cours d'eau diminue le plus souvent vers l'aval : cet effet peut être attribué à la décroissance des pluies avec l'altitude, à la reprise évaporative, à l'infiltration et aux consommations humaines, toutes importantes le long des cours d'eau des grandes plaines alluviales. Quelques exemples montrent la généralité du phénomène en France. Une conséquence de cet effet, ici dénommé Reseda, est que les bilans en eau, en fonction de l'échelle à laquelle ils prennent leurs données, aboutissent à des résultats différents quant à la disponibilité interannuelle en eaux de surface. Les thématiques liées au couplage sol-atmosphère nécessitent par ailleurs la mise à disposition de données d'écoulement pertinentes. Une étude quantifiée de l'effet Reseda paraît donc pouvoir produire une information quantifiée et synthétique que devront retrouver les modèles hydrologiques régionaux et les SVAT dans leur évolution vers une large gamme d'échelle de validité. Cette étude produirait de facto une carte systématique des écoulements disponibles à différentes tailles de maille. Pour ce faire, il paraît indispensable de renoncer au préalable à procéder, pour la production des bassins intermédiaires, par différences entre bassins emboîtés : cette approche très habituelle confond en effet les processus de production et ceux pouvant intervenir près du cours d'eau principal. (Résumé d'auteur)
- Published
- 1996
43. Multi-model comparison of a major flood in the groundwater-fed basin of the Somme River (France)
- Author
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Habets, F., primary, Gascoin, S., additional, Korkmaz, S., additional, Thiéry, D., additional, Zribi, M., additional, Amraoui, N., additional, Carli, M., additional, Ducharne, A., additional, Leblois, E., additional, Ledoux, E., additional, Martin, E., additional, Noilhan, J., additional, Ottlé, C., additional, and Viennot, P., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Multi-model comparison of a major flood in the groundwater-fed basin of the Somme River (France)
- Author
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Habets, F., primary, Gascoin, S., additional, Korkmaz, S., additional, Thiéry, D., additional, Zribi, M., additional, Amraoui, N., additional, Carli, M., additional, Ducharne, A., additional, Leblois, E., additional, Ledoux, E., additional, Martin, E., additional, Noilhan, J., additional, Ottlé, C., additional, and Viennot, P., additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Rainfall regimes associated with banded convection in the Cévennes-Vivarais area
- Author
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Godart, A., primary, Anquetin, S., additional, and Leblois, E., additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The SAFRAN‐ISBA‐MODCOU hydrometeorological model applied over France
- Author
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Habets, F., primary, Boone, A., additional, Champeaux, J. L., additional, Etchevers, P., additional, Franchistéguy, L., additional, Leblois, E., additional, Ledoux, E., additional, Le Moigne, P., additional, Martin, E., additional, Morel, S., additional, Noilhan, J., additional, Quintana Seguí, P., additional, Rousset‐Regimbeau, F., additional, and Viennot, P., additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Examen de la vulnérabilité de la ressource en eau vis-à-vis des fluctuations climatiques. Application aux étiages du bassin du Rhône
- Author
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Sauquet, E., primary, Leblois, E., additional, Haond, M., additional, and Jouve, D., additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Changement climatique et événements extrêmes : crues, inondations, sécheresses. Que peut-on dire aujourd’hui ?
- Author
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Grésillon, J.-M., primary, Sauquet, E., additional, Renard, B., additional, Lang, M., additional, and Leblois, E., additional
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. From point to areal rainfall: linking the different approaches for the frequency characterisation of rainfalls in urban areas
- Author
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Ramos, M.H., primary, Leblois, E., additional, and Creutin, J.-D., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Mapping mean and variance of runoff in a river basin
- Author
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Gottschalk, L., primary, Krasovskaia, I., additional, Leblois, E., additional, and Sauquet, E., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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