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Objective: Metabolic acidosis is commonly associated with the disease severity in patients with sepsis or septic shock. This study was performed to investigate the association between serum total carbon dioxide (TCO2) concentration and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis.Methods: This study was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with sepsis or septic shock. The relationships between serum TCO2 and 28-day mortality, bicarbonate, pH, lactate, and anion gap were determined with cubic spline curves. The patients were divided into four groups according to their serum TCO2 concentration: Group I (TCO2 > 20 mmol/l), Group II (15 < TCO2 ≤ 20 mg/dl), Group III (10 < TCO2 ≤ 15 mmol/l), and Group IV (TCO2 ≤ 10 mmol/l).Results: A total of 3168 patients were included in the analysis, and the overall mortality rate was 24.1%. Serum TCO2 concentrations below 20 mmol/l showed an almost linear correlation with mortality as well as with lactate, bicarbonate, and pH. The 28-day mortality rates of Group I, II, III, and IV were 18.3%, 23.6%, 32.6%, and 50.0%, respectively (p < .001). In Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the groups with lower serum TCO2 concentrations had a higher risk of 28-day mortality compared with Group I: Group II (Hazard ratio (HR), 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11-1.64), Group III (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.37-2.21), and Group IV (HR, 2.72; 95% CI, 2.03-3.64).Conclusions: Serum TCO2 concentrations of 20 mmol/l or less were associated with 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ischaemic tissue injury caused by tissue hypoperfusion is one of the major consequences of sepsis. Phosphate concentrations are elevated in ischaemic tissue injury. This study was performed to investigate the association of phosphate concentrations with mortality in patients with sepsis.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with sepsis conducted at an urban, tertiary care emergency department (ED) in Korea. Patients with sepsis arriving between March 2010 and April 2017 were stratified into four groups according to the initial phosphate concentration at presentation to the ED: group I (hypophosphataemia, phosphate <2 mg/dL), group II (normophosphataemia, phosphate 2-4 mg/dL), group III (mild hyperphosphataemia, phosphate 4-6 mg/dL), group IV (moderate to severe hyperphosphataemia, phosphate ≥6 mg/dL). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to evaluate the independent association of initial phosphate concentration with 28-day mortality.Results: Of the 3034 participants in the study, the overall mortality rate was 21.9%. The 28-day mortality rates were group I (hypophosphataemia) 14.6%, group II 17.4% (normophosphataemia), group III (mild hyperphosphataemia) 29.2% and group IV (moderate to severe hyperphosphataemia) 51.4%, respectively (p<0.001). In the multivariable analyses, patients with severe hyperphosphataemia had a significantly higher risk of death than those with normal phosphate levels (HR 1.59; 95% CI 1.23 to 2.05). Mortality in the other groups was not significantly different from mortality in patients with normophosphataemia.Conclusions: Moderate to severe hyperphosphataemia was associated with 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Phosphate level could be used as a prognostic indicator in sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]