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10. Comparison of the Direct Identification and Short-Term Incubation Methods for Positive Blood Cultures via MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry.

Author

Kuo, Shu-Fang, Huang, Tsung-Yu, Lee, Chih-Yi, and Lee, Chen-Hsiang

Subjects
ANAEROBIC bacteria, GRAM-positive bacteria, TURNAROUND time, GRAM-negative bacteria, ANTIMICROBIAL stewardship
Abstract

Timely pathogen identification in bloodstream infections is crucial for patient care. A comparison is made between positive blood culture (BC) pellets from serum separator tubes using a direct identification (DI) method and colonies on agar plates from a short-term incubation (STI) method with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Biotyper for the evaluation of 354 monomicrobial BCs. Both the DI and STI methods exhibited similar identification rates for different types of bacteria, except for Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. The DI method's results aligned closely with the STI method's results for Enterobacterales, glucose-non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. The DI method exhibited high concordance with the conventional method for GNB identification, achieving 88.2 and 87.5% accuracy at the genus and species levels, respectively. Compared with the STI method, the DI method showed a less successful performance for Gram-positive bacterial identification (50.5 vs. 71.3%; p < 0.01). The DI method was useful for anaerobic bacterial identification of slow-growing microorganisms without any need for colony growth, unlike in the STI method (46.7 vs. 13.3%; p = 0.04). However, both methods could not identify yeast in positive BCs. Overall, the DI method provided reliable results for GNB identification, offering many advantages over the STI method by significantly reducing the turnaround time and enabling quicker pathogen identification in positive BCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Corrigendum to Evolution of estimated glomerular filtration rate in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who received direct-acting antivirals: A multicenter retrospective study [J Microbiol Immunol Infect 56 (2023) 718–728]

Author

Tsai, Ching-Yen, primary, Chen, Guan-Jhou, additional, Tsai, Chin-Shiang, additional, Liou, Bo-Huang, additional, Yang, Chia-Jui, additional, Tsai, Hung-Chin, additional, Lin, Chi-Ying, additional, Huang, Sung-Hsi, additional, Lin, Kuan-Yin, additional, Wang, Ning-Chi, additional, Chen, Tun-Chieh, additional, Lee, Chen-Hsiang, additional, and Hung, Chien-Ching, additional

Published
2023
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17. Less Severe but Prolonged Course of Acute Hepatitis A in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Infected Patients Compared With HIV-Uninfected Patients During an Outbreak : A Multicenter Observational Study

Author

Taiwan HIV Study Group, Lee, Yu-Lin, Chen, Guan-Jhou, Chen, Nan-Yu, Liou, Bo-Huang, Wang, Ning-Chi, Lee, Yuan-Ti, Yang, Chia-Jui, Huang, Yu-Shan, Tang, Hung-Jen, Huang, Shie-Shian, Lin, Yi-Chun, Cheng, Chien-Yu, Lee, Chen-Hsiang, Chen, Tun-Chieh, Wu, Ting-Shu, Liu, Chun-Eng, Lu, Po-Liang, and Hung, Chien-Ching

Published
2018

20. A multitope SARS-CoV-2 vaccine provides long-lasting B cell and T cell immunity against Delta and Omicron variants

Author

Wang, Chang Yi, Hwang, Kao-Pin, Kuo, Hui-Kai, Peng, Wen-Jiun, Shen, Yea- Huei, Kuo, Be-Sheng, Huang, Juin-Hua, Liu, Hope, Ho, Yu-Hsin, Lin, Feng, Ding, Shuang, Liu, Zhi, Wu, Huan- Ting, Huang, Ching-Tai, Lee, Yuarn-Jang, Liu, Ming-Che, Yang, Yi-Ching, Lu, Po-Liang, Tsai, Hung-Chin, Lee, Chen- Hsiang, Shi, Zhi-Yuan, Liu, Chun-Eng, Liao, Chun-Hsing, Chang, Feng-Yee, Chen, Hsiang-Cheng, Wang, Fu-Der, Hou, Kuo-Liang, Cheng, Jennifer, Wang, Min-Sheng, Yang, Ya-Ting, Chiu, Han-Chen, Jiang, Ming-Han, Shih, Hao-Yu, Shen, Hsuan-Yu, Chang, Po- Yen, Lan, Yu-Rou, Chen, Chi-Tian, Lin, Yi-Ling, Liang, Jian-Jong, Liao, Chun-Che, Chou, Yu-Chi, Morris, Mary Kate, Hanson, Carl V., Guirakhoo, Farshad, Hellerstein, Michael, Yu, Hui-Jing, King, Chwan-Chuen, Kemp, Tracy, Heppner, D. Gray, and Monath, Thomas P.

Subjects
Immunological research, Antigenic determinants -- Research, Health care industry
Abstract

BACKGROUND. The Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 are currently responsible for breakthrough infections due to waning immunity. We report phase I/II trial results of UB-612, a multitope subunit vaccine containing S1-RBD-sFc protein and rationally designed promiscuous peptides representing sarbecovirus conserved helper T cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes on the nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and spike (S2) proteins. METHOD. We conducted a phase I primary 2-dose (28 days apart) trial of 10, 30, or 100 [micro]g UB-612 in 60 healthy young adults 20 to 55 years old, and 50 of them were boosted with 100 [micro]g of UB-612 approximately 7 to 9 months after the second dose. A separate placebo-controlled and randomized phase II study was conducted with 2 doses of 100 [micro]g of UB-612 (n = 3,875, 18-85 years old). We evaluated interim safety and immunogenicity of phase I until 14 days after the third (booster) dose and of phase II until 28 days after the second dose. RESULTS. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were recorded. The most common solicited adverse events were injection site pain and fatigue, mostly mild and transient. In both trials, UB-612 elicited respective neutralizing antibody titers similar to a panel of human convalescent sera. The most striking findings were long- lasting virus-neutralizing antibodies and broad T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs), including Delta and Omicron, and a strong booster-recalled memory immunity with high cross-reactive neutralizing titers against the Delta and Omicron VoCs. CONCLUSION. UB-612 has presented a favorable safety profile, potent booster effect against VoCs, and long-lasting B and broad T cell immunity that warrants further development for both primary immunization and heterologous boosting of other COVID-19 vaccines. TRIAL REGISTRATION. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04545749, NCT04773067, and NCT04967742. FUNDING. UBI Asia, Vaxxinity Inc., and Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare., Introduction The combined effects of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization-escape variants with high transmissibility by asymptomatic persons (1, 2) and breakthrough infections due to waning immunity of COVID-19 vaccines (3-5) continue to cost [...]

Published
2022
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35. Identification of a major epitope by anti-interferon-[gamma] autoantibodies in patients with mycobacterial disease

Author

Lin, Chia-Hao, Chi, Chih-Yu, Shih, Han-Po, Ding, Jing-Ya, Lo, Chia-Chi, Wang, Shang-Yu, Kuo, Chen-Yen, Yeh, Chun-Fu, Tu, Kun-Hua, Liu, Shou-Hsuan, Chen, Hung-Kai, Ho, Chen-Hsuan, Ho, Mao-Wang, Lee, Chen-Hsiang, Lai, Hsin-Chin, and Ku, Cheng-Lung

Subjects
Autoantibodies -- Usage, Antigenic determinants -- Identification and classification, Immune response -- Genetic aspects, Mycobacterium infections -- Genetic aspects -- Development and progression, Biological sciences, Health
Abstract

The binding of autoantibodies (autoAbs) to interferon (IFN)-[gamma] in people with mycobacterial diseases has become an emerging medical concern. Many patients display specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II haplotypes, which suggests that a common T cell-dependent and B cell-dependent mechanism might underlie the production of specific anti-IFN-[gamma] autoAbs. We show here that these autoAbs target a major epitope (amino acids 121-131, designated position (P)[sub.121-131]) in a region crucial for IFN-[gamma] receptor (IFN-[gamma]R) activation to impair IFN-[gamma]-mediated activities. The amino acid sequence of this epitope is highly homologous to a stretch in the Noc2 protein of Aspergillus spp., which was cross-reactive with autoAbs from patients. Rats immunized with Aspergillus Noc2 developed antibodies that reacted with human IFN-[gamma]. We generated an epitope-erased variant of IFN-[gamma] (EE-IFN-[gamma]), in which the major neutralizing epitope region was altered. The binding affinity of anti-IFN-[gamma] autoAbs for EE-IFN-[gamma] was reduced by about 40%, as compared to that for IFN-[gamma][sub.1-131]. Moreover, EE-IFN-[gamma] activated the IFN-[gamma]R downstream signaling pathway ex vivo, irrespectively of anti-IFN-[gamma] autoAbs. In conclusion, we identified a common, crucial B cell epitope that bound to anti-IFN-[gamma] autoAbs in patients, and we propose a molecular-mimicry model for autoAb development. In addition, treatment with EE-IFN-[gamma] might be worth investigating in patients producing anti-IFN-[gamma] autoAbs., Author(s): Chia-Hao Lin [1, 2]; Chih-Yu Chi [1, 3, 4]; Han-Po Shih [1]; Jing-Ya Ding [1]; Chia-Chi Lo [1]; Shang-Yu Wang [1, 5]; Chen-Yen Kuo [1, 6]; Chun-Fu Yeh [1, [...]

Published
2016
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47. The Efficacy and Safety of 14-day Rabeprazole Plus Amoxicillin High Dose Dual Therapy by Comparing to 14-day Rabeprazole-Containing Hybrid Therapy for the Naïve Helicobacter pyloriInfection in Taiwan: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Tai, Wei-Chen, Yang, Shih-Cheng, Yao, Chih-Chien, Wu, Cheng-Kun, Liu, An-Che, Lee, Chen-Hsiang, Kuo, Yuan-Hung, Chuah, Seng-Kee, and Liang, Chih-Ming

Abstract

Introduction: High-dose dual therapy (HDDT) can attain acceptable eradication rates provided that the optimal doses, timing and treatment duration are applied. The existing evidence still shows inconsistent reports (&lt; 90%) on HDDT therapy except in some Asian countries. We aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of 14-day HDDT by comparing it to 14-day rabeprazole-containing hybrid therapy (HT) and to investigate the host and bacterial factors predicting the treatment outcomes of eradication therapies. Methods: In this open-label, randomized controlled trial, we recruited 243 naïve Helicobacter pylori-infected patients from September 1, 2018, to November 30, 2021. They were randomly allocated (1:1) to the HDDT group (rabeprazole 20 mg and amoxicillin 750 mg q.i.d for 14 days, n= 122) and the HT group (rabeprazole 20 mg and amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. for 7 days, followed by rabeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, clarithromycin 500 mg and metronidazole 500 mg b.i.d. for 7 days, n= 121). Twelve patients were absent during follow-up in the HDDT group and 4 in the HT group, resulting in 110 for the HDDT group and 117 for HT group in the per protocol (PP) study. The outcome was determined by urea breath tests 8 weeks later. Results: The eradication rates for the HDDT and HT groups were 77.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68.5% to 84.1%) and 94.2% (95% CI: 88.4% to 97.6%) (P&lt; 0.001) in intention-to-treat analysis; 85.5% (95% CI: 77.5% to 91.5%) and 97.4% [95% CI: 92.6% to 99.5%] (P= 0.001) in per protocol analysis. The adverse event rates were 7.3% in the HDDT group and 14.5% in the HT group (P= 0.081). The habit of coffee drinking was the dependent factor for eradication failure in the HDDT group (88.2% vs. 68.8%, P= 0.040), but had no influence in the HT group (97.9% versus 95.0%, P= 0.449) in the univariate analysis. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 14-day rabeprazole-containing HDDT did not achieve > 90% eradication rates for first-line H. pylorieradication as 14-day rabeprazole-containing HT did. HDDT is a potentially beneficial combination, which involves only two drugs with mild adverse effects; more precise studies are urged to find answers regarding these failures.

Published
2023
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50. The efficacies of non-bismuth containing quadruple therapies in the treatment of first-line anti-Helicobacter pylori across 4-year time interval with changing antibiotics resistance

Author

Huang, Tzu-Hsin, primary, Yang, Shih-Cheng, additional, Tai, Wei-Chen, additional, Liang, Chih-Ming, additional, Kuo, Chung-Mou, additional, Yao, Chih-Chien, additional, Wu, Cheng-Kun, additional, Kuo, Yuan-Hung, additional, Chou, Yeh-Pin, additional, Lee, Chen-Hsiang, additional, Wu, Keng-Liang, additional, and Chuah, Seng-Kee, additional

Published
2021
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