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Balance in time perspectives has been gaining interest in South Korea since it is considered as a precondition for an individual's mental health and happiness. However, measuring the time perspective with the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) - which consists of 64 items, including a Future Negative dimension - creates difficulties in practical use due to its length. The aim of the present study is to develop and validate a South Korean short version of the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (KS-S-ZTPI) in a total sample of 725 adults in South Korea. The factor structure of this inventory was investigated, and the validity and reliability of the inventory were analyzed. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was first performed along with a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to identify internal consistency. The results showed that the KS-S-ZTPI, containing 16 items, supported a four-factor model: 'Past Negative,' 'Past Positive,' 'Present Hedonistic,' and 'Future' time perspectives. Finally, the correlations with depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, and self-esteem were examined to evaluate convergent and discriminant validity. The results showed that 'Past Negative' and 'Present Hedonistic' time perspectives were negatively associated with self-esteem but positively associated with depression and anxiety. On the other hand, 'Past Positive' and 'Future' time perspectives were positively associated with self-esteem and life satisfaction, but negatively associated with depression and anxiety. Considering these results, implications and suggestions are discussed., Author(s): Hwa Jung Lee [sup.1] , Deok Hee Lee [sup.1] , Dong Hun Lee [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.264381.a, 0000 0001 2181 989X, Traumatic Stress Center, Department of Education, Sungkyunkwan [...]

Management of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CSDAVF) continues to present significant challenges, particularly when the inferior petrosal sinus is thrombosed, collapsed, or angiographically invisible. In this study, we introduce facilitated retrograde access via the facial vein, which is employed in the transvenous embolization of CSDAVF with isolated superior ophthalmic venous drainage. We also present illustrative cases and technical points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of our study was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of a modified technique using a short guiding catheter for instillation of elastase in comparison with the previously described method of creating elastase-induced aneurysm in rabbits. Methods: Following right common carotid artery (RCCA) access using an arterial sheath and inflating the Fogarty balloon in the subclavian artery, a short guiding catheter was used for the instillation of the elastase in the experimental group (n = 5) while it was performed with a microcatheter in the control group (n = 5). The procedure duration was recorded from the RCCA puncture to the sheath removal. The histological changes were characterized using H&E and Masson's trichrome (MT) staining. Results: The procedure time was 23 ± 2 min in the experimental group and 29 ± 2 min in the control group. All the rabbits (100%) in the experimental group survived without neurologic deficits, but two rabbits (40%) survived in the control group. All aneurysms were created in the saccular shape (100%) with a neck size of 2.3 ± 0.29 mm, a width of 2.75 ± 0.36 mm, and height of 6.37 ± 0.46 mm, and a dome to neck ratio of 1.21 ± 0.23. The aneurysm walls were partly thickened due to the degradation of the media tunica and adventitia proliferation with loss of the internal elastic lamina. Conclusion: By using a short guiding catheter, we could instill the elastase in a more effective and safe manner in the creation of the elastase-induced aneurysm model in rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has benefits in selected patients 6–24 h after stroke onset. However, the response to EVT >24 h after stroke onset is still unclear. We compared the early response to EVT in patients with different time windows. Methods: Patients who underwent EVT in an emergency setting were enrolled and categorized according to when EVT was performed: within 6 (early), 6–24 (late), and >24 h (very late) after stroke onset. Early neurological improvement (ENI) and deterioration (END) were defined as improvement and worsening, respectively, of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score by ≥4 points after EVT. The three groups' clinical characteristics and response to EVT were compared. We also investigated factors associated with ENI and END. Results: During study period, 274 patients underwent EVT (109 early, 104 late, and 61 very late). Patients who underwent EVT very late were younger (p = 0.007), had smaller ischemic cores, and had lower initial NIHSS scores (8 ± 5) than those who underwent EVT early (14 ± 6) and late (13 ± 7; p < 0.001). Stroke mechanisms also differed according to the time window (p < 0.001): cardioembolism was more common after early EVT, whereas large-artery atherosclerosis was more prevalent among patients who underwent EVT very late. ENI was significantly more common after early (60.6%) and late EVT (51.0%) than after very late EVT (29.5%; p = 0.001); however, rates of END did not differ (11.0%, 13.5%, and 4.9%, respectively). ENI was independently associated with male, higher NIHSS score, and early and late EVT. END was associated with failure of recanalization. Conclusions: ENI was more observed and associated with early and late EVT. Highly selected patients receiving very late EVT may not benefit from ENI but may still have a chance to prevent END. The occurrence of END was associated not with time window but with failure of recanalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]