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ImportanceAmyloid-β positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows in vivo detection of fibrillar plaques, a core neuropathological feature of Alzheimer disease (AD). Its diagnostic utility is still unclear because amyloid plaques also occur in patients with non-AD dementia.ObjectiveTo use individual participant data meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of amyloid positivity on PET in a wide variety of dementia syndromes.Data sourcesThe MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were searched from January 2004 to April 2015 for amyloid PET studies.Study selectionCase reports and studies on neurological or psychiatric diseases other than dementia were excluded. Corresponding authors of eligible cohorts were invited to provide individual participant data.Data extraction and synthesisData were provided for 1359 participants with clinically diagnosed AD and 538 participants with non-AD dementia. The reference groups were 1849 healthy control participants (based on amyloid PET) and an independent sample of 1369 AD participants (based on autopsy).Main outcomes and measuresEstimated prevalence of positive amyloid PET scans according to diagnosis, age, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status, using the generalized estimating equations method.ResultsThe likelihood of amyloid positivity was associated with age and APOE ε4 status. In AD dementia, the prevalence of amyloid positivity decreased from age 50 to 90 years in APOE ε4 noncarriers (86% [95% CI, 73%-94%] at 50 years to 68% [95% CI, 57%-77%] at 90 years; n = 377) and to a lesser degree in APOE ε4 carriers (97% [95% CI, 92%-99%] at 50 years to 90% [95% CI, 83%-94%] at 90 years; n = 593; P

This study examined whether clients' positive or negative self-disclosure and sex affected counselors' evaluation of the clients. 80 counselors (30 certified, 45 master's and five doctoral trainees; six men and 74 women), after viewing a videotaped counseling interview in which the client self-disclosed either largely positive or negative contents responded to the Clinical Impression Scale which contained 8 clinical characteristics of clients (assertiveness, overall coping skills, anxiety, attitude toward counseling, motivation to change, self-esteem, insight, and depression). When the client self-disclosed largely negative content about self, counselors evaluated male client more negatively, i.e., less assertive, poor coping skills, higher anxiety, more negative attitude toward counseling, less eager to change, lower self-esteem, less insight, and higher depression) than female client. However, when the client self-disclosed largely positive content, there was no statistically significant sex difference between the two groups. The implications are discussed.

Based on the notion of positive psychology, the interrelationships among peer-rated mental health, social acceptance and irrational beliefs were examined using Korean youth. We predicted that adolescents who were rated by their peers to be relatively more mentally healthy, compared to those who were rated to be less mentally healthy, would (a) receive higher social acceptance from peers and (b) report fewer irrational beliefs. 476 adolescents (252 boys and 224 girls; M age = 16.7 yr., SD = .46), all recruited from a single high school in an upper middle-class area in Seoul, Korea, rated each others' mental health in five areas of mental health, i.e., concern for others, contentment with life, creativity and industry, good interpersonal relationships and ability to cope with stressful situations and social acceptance and responded to a questionnaire measuring irrational beliefs. Analysis showed that those adolescents who were rated by their peers to be more mentally healthy received higher social acceptance from those peers than those rated as less mentally healthy; however, this effect size was small. Implications of the study are discussed.

A new self-report scale, the Altruism Scale for Adults, of 28 items was developed. 14 items were from the Altruism subscale of Wrightsman's Philosophies of Human Nature Scale, and the other 14 items were newly constructed. The scale, anchored by 1: true or 2: false, was administered to 592 Korean men and women in eight subgroups. Cronbach alpha internal consistency was .89, and test-retest reliabilities (n = 52) over 1 and 5 wk. were .90 and .80, respectively. Campbell and Fiske's 1959 multitrait-multimethod analysis showed satisfactory convergent and discriminant validities. Overall results were promising for use of the scale in research and for practical purposes.

Clients' causal explanations for recalled important or helpful events between those of early and of late sessions of counseling interview have been examined. We predicted that (a) for clients' recalled important or helpful events, there will be more internal attribution in late than in early sessions and (b) clients' evaluation of counseling sessions would be positively related to their internal attribution of the re-called important or helpful events. Data were generated from 84 sessions of therapy, with 12 counselor-client dyads conducting seven sessions of therapeutic interviews each. Immediately after each interview, clients were requested to recall and explain the most important or helpful events that happened during the session. Clients' causal explanations of the events were analyzed by two trained judges. Results showed no statistically significant differences in frequencies of internal attribution. Similarly, internal attribution did not covary with clients' evaluation of counseling sessions. The implications of the results are discussed.

A Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Aizheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K) was created. The English-American version of CERAD clinical and neuropsychological assessment batteries was translated into Korean, and the psychometrical properties of the cognitive tests in the CERAD-K were established. In the translation, including back-translation, the basic structures of all measures in the original CERAD batteries were maintained. The CERAD-K was administered in a standardized manner to 106 dementia patients (aged 70.4 [+ or -] 8.1 years), including 78 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and 186 controls (aged 68.4 [+ or -] 4.6 years) who were recruited from 3 university hospitals and 2 elderly welfare centers. The cognitive tests in the CERAD-K successfully differentiated controls from the dementia patients and from the AD patients. They also showed substantial interrater reliability and 1-month test-retest reliability. The CERAD-K is an equally reliable and valid equivalent for the English version of the CERAD clinical and neuropsychological assessment batteries.