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Since the emergence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus (A/chicken/ Scotland/59) in Scotland, UK, several outbreaks of H5Nx viruses have been reported in poultry worldwide (1). In [...]

BackgroundCOVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it has since spread worldwide. The Association of Korean Medicine (AKOM) established the COVID-19 telemedicine center of Korean medicine (KM telemedicine center) in Daegu and Seoul. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the results of the KM telemedicine center and the clinical possibility of using herbal medicines for COVID-19. MethodsAll procedures were conducted by voice call following standardized guidelines. The students in the reception group obtained informed consent from participants and they collected basic information. Subsequently, Korean Medicine doctors assessed COVID-19–related symptoms and prescribed the appropriate herbal medicine according to the KM telemedicine guidelines. The data of patients who completed the program by June 30, 2020, were analyzed. ResultsFrom March 9 to June 30, 2020, 2324 patients participated in and completed the KM telemedicine program. Kyung-Ok-Ko (n=2285) was the most prescribed herbal medicine, and Qingfei Paidu decoction (I and II, n=2053) was the second most prescribed. All COVID-19–related symptoms (headache, chills, sputum, dry cough, sore throat, fatigue, muscle pain, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, dyspnea, chest tightness, diarrhea, and loss of appetite) improved after treatment (P

Since clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses first emerged in East Asia in 2013-14, clade 2.3.4.4b has spread throughout Europe, Africa, and Middle East in 2016-17, causing [...]

This study investigated Korean adolescents behavioral and neural responses to the semantic and syntactic anomalies inKorean compared with adults, focusing on the case marking mismatches. EEG data were collected from 16 Korean ado-lescents (12 males, aged 12-14 years) using a picture sentence verification task regarding (A) verbal mismatch [AGENT-NOM + Verb/*Verb] (e.g., - /*; Brother-ka catches/*bites) and (B) case marker mismatch [AGENT-NOM/*ACC + Verb](e.g., -/*- ; Brother-ka/*-lul catches). The behavioral results showed 95% accuracy of their judgment regardless of condi-tions.The ERP data revealed differences between the conditions: N400 was elicited for verbal mismatches as well as forcase marker mismatches. The results are different from data collected from Korean adults, where the syntactic anomalieselicited early negativity at the case marker in addition to the N400 at the verb. The different ERP responses between adultsand adolescents to the syntactic anomalies provide evidence for the continuous development of human brains.

Purpose: To investigate the long‐term efficacy and safety of intravitreal brolucizumab (BRZ) injections in patients with typical neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (typical nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods: This multicentre retrospective study included 401 eyes of 398 patients with nAMD who received BRZ injection(s), with a follow‐up duration of ≥12 months. Changes in best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal fluid evaluation and central subfield thickness (CST) on optical coherence tomography were assessed. The efficacy of BRZ was compared between typical nAMD and PCV groups. Results: Analyses were conducted with 280 eyes of 278 patients with typical nAMD and 121 eyes of 120 patients with PCV (mean age, 71.1 ± 8.6 years). 29 eyes (7.2%) were treatment naïve. The mean follow‐up period was 15.3 ± 2.8 months; the mean number of BRZ injections within 1 year was 4.5 ± 1.7. BCVA was maintained during the follow‐up period, and CST significantly improved from the first injection month and was maintained for 12 months in both the typical nAMD and PCV groups. The dry macula proportion increased from 2.7% at baseline to 56.1% at 1 month and 42.9% at 12 months. Among the 18 eyes that underwent indocyanine green angiography both before and after treatment, 10 (55.6%) showed polyp regression. Overall, the incidence of intraocular inflammation (IOI), retinal vasculitis and occlusive retinal vasculitis was 9.4% (38 eyes), 1.2% (5 eyes) and 0.5% (2 eyes), respectively. IOI occurred from the first to the sixth injections, with an average IOI onset of 28.5 ± 1.4 days. All eyes achieved IOI resolution, although the two eyes with occlusive retinal vasculitis showed a severe visual decline after IOI resolution. Conclusion: Brolucizumab was effective in maintaining BCVA and managing fluid in eyes with nAMD for up to 1 year, exhibiting a high polyp regression rate. However, the not uncommon incidence of IOI and the severe visual decline caused by the rare occlusive retinal vasculitis following BRZ treatment underscore the importance of careful monitoring and timely management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined whether early immersive L2 exposure in a foreign language learning context can yield long-term advantages in L2 morpho-syntactic sensitivity. Participants were 40 Korean university students with high English proficiency, who had either attended an English kindergarten or begun learning English in a classroom, and a control group of native English speakers. All participants performed a speeded aural grammaticality judgment task that included the following features: articles, subcategorization, plural -"s," third-person -"s." Results showed that the English-kindergarten group outperformed the late-classroom group in terms of accuracy for ungrammatical sentences, while the two groups did not differ significantly on grammatical sentences and in reaction time measures. The learners altogether scored higher in plural -"s" and third-person -"s" compared to articles. While the native speakers showed near-perfect accuracy and fast reaction times, the highly proficient learners were at near-chance level in detecting morpho-syntactic errors during online L2 aural processing.

We establish a multiplicity result for positive solutions to the Schrödinger-type singular problem: $ -\Delta u+V(x)u = \lambda \frac{ f(u)}{u^\beta} $ in $ \Omega, \; u = 0 $ on $ \partial \Omega, $ where $ \Omega $ is a bounded domain in $ \mathbb{R}^N, N \geq1 $ with a smooth boundary $ \partial \Omega, $ $ 0 \leq \beta <1, \lambda $ is a positive parameter, $ V \in L^\infty(\Omega) $ and $ f:[0, \infty) \rightarrow (0, \infty) $ is a continuous function. In particular, when $ g $ is sublinear at $ \infty $ where $ g(s): = \frac{f(s)}{s^\beta} $, we discuss the existence of at least three positive solutions for a certain range of $ \lambda $. The proofs are mainly based on the sub and supersolution method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 has spread across Asia, Europe, and Africa. Since a novel influenza A(H5N6) virus emerged in China in late 2013 (1), H5N6 viruses have been [...]