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Based on the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study Year-5 wave, 1,983 children were identified as Head Start eligible children (503 Head Start enrolled children, 1,435 Head Start eligible nonparticipant) to address: (1) How do child and family characteristics differ between Head Start participants and non-participants? (2) How do Head Start-eligible non-participant children utilize other types of care (pre-K, other center care, informal care, and exclusive parental care)? Research Findings: The logistic regression results indicate that Head Start-eligible nonparticipants tend to be the first-born child, born to mothers with low educational attainment and unmarried (single, cohabitating) families, living in deep poverty, and to have a higher number of siblings than those who participated in Head Start. A multinomial regression identified differences pertaining to childcare arrangements as it relates to race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family structure. Practice or Policy: Head Start eligible families should be informed eligible early childhood education and care programs and services should be provided to assist parents in the enrollment process. The government should expand more formal childcare programs including Head Start to meet the needs of families in deep poverty, children in the child welfare system, children experiencing homelessness, and those facing various risk factors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze hospital-discharged acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in Korea (2006– 2020) to understand how pre-existing conditions affect mortality rates. Participants and Methods: This study utilized the 2006– 2020 Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey data. A weighted frequency analysis estimated discharged AMI patients and calculated age-standardized discharge and mortality rates, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score distribution, and general patient characteristics. Weighted logistic regression analysis examined influencing mortality factors. Results: There were 486,464 AMI patients (143,751 female), with AMI-related mortality rates at 7.5% (36,312): 5.7% for males (19,190) and 11.8% for females (17,122). The highest mortality rate was among individuals aged 70– 79 years (25%). Factors influencing mortality included sex, insurance type, admission route, hospital bed count, region, operation status, and CCI score. Mortality risk at discharge was 1.151 times higher in females than males (95% CI: 1.002– 1.322), 0.787 times lower among those with national health insurance than Medicaid recipients (95% CI 0.64– 0.967), 2.182 times higher among those admitted via the emergency department than the outpatient department (95% CI 1.747– 2.725), and 3.402 times higher in patients with a CCI score of 3 points than those with 0 points (95% CI 1.263– 9.162). Conclusion: The number of discharged AMI patients and related mortality rates increased, underscoring the need for proactive management of chronic diseases, particularly for those with higher CCI scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined Head Start's impact on fathers' school-based involvement and associations with Black children's cognitive, behavioral, and social-emotional skills. With a sample of 1,354 Black children, fathers' involvement was measured as attendance at school meetings, teacher conferences, school events, and/or volunteering at school events. Children's cognitive skills were literacy, language, and mathematics scores. Parents reported on the parent-child relationship, children's social skills, and behavioral concerns. Non-resident fathers in Head Start were more involved in Black children's schooling than not enrolled in Head Start. Unexpectedly, fathers' school-based involvement and Head Start enrollment were not related to children's developmental outcomes at kindergarten age. Head Start serving impoverished Black families should consider implementing targeted school-based father involvement initiatives that directly influence children.

This scoping review aimed to identify the current state of the application of theories in research related to advance care planning and to analyze the types and characteristics of the theories applied. Methods: Using the scoping review methodology presented by Arksey & O'Malley, the articles published from 2010 to 2022 were searched by combining the terms "advance care planning," "theory," and "model" in five electronic databases; PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, KMBASE, and KISS. Results: Thirty-two studies were identified. Theory-based research has been actively conducted since 2019, with a total of 25 theories applied. Psychological theories were the most prevalent, accounting for 75.0% of the applications, followed by sociological theories (12.5%), public health theories (6.3%), and one nursing theory (3.1%). Theories were utilized to create a framework for data analysis, establish a philosophical underpinning, develop intervention frameworks, and derive new tools. Conclusion: Various theories have been applied to research on advance care planning, yet the application of nursing theory has been limited. To optimize end-of-life care and advance care planning from a nursing perspective, further research incorporating nursing theory is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting Migrant Head Start (MHS) children's dental health. Enrollment duration (number of years and weeks enrolled) and individual and family factors were considered. Children (N = 931) who enrolled in Michigan Migrant Head Start during 2012-2013 were selected for the study sample and classified by years of enrollment: those who enrolled for one year, two years, or three or more years. Children's dental outcomes were measured on identified dental problems and follow-up dental treatment. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether enrollment duration was associated with dental health in addition to individual and family characteristics. Children who spent more time in the program were more likely to have their dental problems identified and to receive follow-up dental treatment. Children's special needs status, ethnicity, welfare receipt, transportation, health insurance status at enrollment, and other health treatment statuses were associated with dental health outcomes. Findings suggest that MHS should consider various individual, family, and Head Start enrollment factors in promoting dental health.

Objective: Using the Head Start Impact Study data, this study examines Head Start's impacts on social-emotional outcomes for children with disabilities. Method: Among 4,442 children, 570 children were reported to have disabilities. Ordinary least squares regression was used to determine whether the number of disabilities, having an individualized education plan (IEP), and receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) affect social-emotional outcomes for children with disabilities and whether Head Start's impact differs depending on these factors. Results: Children with multiple disabilities, an IEP, and SSI had lower social-emotional scores. Head Start impact was found for the following subgroups: children with no disabilities, children who never received an IEP, children living in a higher income household, and Black children. Conclusions: Head Start should identify potential disabilities early and support the provision of adequate services to increase social-emotional outcomes for children with disabilities.

This study examines the effects of Head Start enrollment duration on developmental outcomes for children who have had adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). This study utilizes randomized control Head Start Impact Study data, to address three primary questions: 1) Do children's ACE scores have any impact on cognitive, socio-emotional and health care service outcomes? 2) Do the number of years enrolled in Head Start have any impact on children's outcomes? 3) Does the impact of enrollment duration in Head Start on children's outcomes differ depending on number of ACEs? The current study finds that children with higher ACE scores had lower cognitive and socio-emotional outcomes. Additionally, longer Head Start enrollment duration was significantly associated with children's positive outcomes and was more significant for children with fewer ACEs. IMPLICATIONS: Head Start should recruit younger children for longer durations and should provide trauma-informed care for children with multiple ACEs to increase positive developmental outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]