1. Right, left and cilia: How asymmetry is established
- Author
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Dominic P. Norris and Rosie B. Little
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,TRPP Cation Channels ,Lineage (genetic) ,Left-Right Determination Factors ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biology ,Mechanotransduction, Cellular ,Asymmetry ,Mesoderm ,Wnt3 Protein ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,biology.animal ,Animals ,Humans ,Cilia ,Symmetry breaking ,Process (anatomy) ,Body Patterning ,media_common ,Feedback, Physiological ,Homeodomain Proteins ,Lateral plate mesoderm ,Cilium ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,Vertebrate ,Embryo ,Cell Biology ,Embryo, Mammalian ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Transcription Factors ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The initial breaking of left-right (L-R) symmetry in the embryo is controlled by a motile-cilia-driven leftward fluid flow in the left-right organiser (LRO), resulting in L-R asymmetric gene expression flanking the LRO. Ultimately this results in left- but not right-sided activation of the Nodal-Pitx2 pathway in more lateral tissues. While aspects of the initial breaking event clearly vary between vertebrates, events in the Lateral Plate Mesoderm (LPM) are conserved through the vertebrate lineage. Evidence from model systems and humans highlights the role of cilia both in the initial symmetry breaking and in the ability of more lateral tissues to exhibit asymmetric gene expression. In this review we concentrate on the process of L-R determination in mouse and humans. more...
- Published
- 2021
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