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3,514 results on '"Lei, C"'

1. Fast Fourier transforms and fast Wigner and Weyl functions in large quantum systems

Author

Lei, C. and Vourdas, A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Two methods for fast Fourier transforms are used in a quantum context. The first method is for systems with dimension of the Hilbert space $D=d^n$ with $d$ an odd integer, and is inspired by the Cooley-Tukey formalism. The `large Fourier transform' is expressed as a sequence of $n$ `small Fourier transforms' (together with some other transforms) in quantum systems with $d$-dimensional Hilbert space. Limitations of the method are discussed. In some special cases, the $n$ Fourier transforms can be performed in parallel. The second method is for systems with dimension of the Hilbert space $D=d_0...d_{n-1}$ with $d_0,...,d_{n-1}$ odd integers coprime to each other. It is inspired by the Good formalism, which in turn is based on the Chinese reminder theorem. In this case also the `large Fourier transform' is expressed as a sequence of $n$ `small Fourier transforms' (that involve some constants related to the number theory that describes the formalism). The `small Fourier transforms' can be performed in a classical computer or in a quantum computer (in which case we have the additional well known advantages of quantum Fourier transform circuits). In the case that the small Fourier transforms are performed with a classical computer, complexity arguments for both methods show the reduction in computational time from ${\cal O}(D^2)$ to ${\cal O}(D\log D)$. The second method is also used for the fast calculation of Wigner and Weyl functions, in quantum systems with large finite dimension of the Hilbert space.

Published
2024

2. Unitarily inequivalent local and global Fourier transforms in multipartite quantum systems

Author

Lei, C. and Vourdas, A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

A multipartite system comprised of $n$ subsystems, each of which is described with `local variables' in ${\mathbb Z}(d)$ and with a $d$-dimensional Hilbert space $H(d)$, is considered. Local Fourier transforms in each subsystem are defined and related phase space methods are discussed (displacement operators, Wigner and Weyl functions, etc). A holistic view of the same system might be more appropriate in the case of strong interactions, which uses `global variables' in ${\mathbb Z}(d^n)$ and a $d^n$-dimensional Hilbert space $H(d^n)$. A global Fourier transform is then defined and related phase space methods are discussed. The local formalism is compared and contrasted with the global formalism. Depending on the values of $d,n$ the local Fourier transform is unitarily inequivalent or unitarily equivalent to the global Fourier transform. Time evolution of the system in terms of both local and global variables, is discussed. The formalism can be useful in the general area of Fast Fourier transforms.

Published
2023

3. Coherent states with minimum Gini uncertainty for finite quantum systems

Author

Lei, C. and Vourdas, A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Uncertainty relations $\Delta(\rho)\ge \eta_d$ in terms of the Gini index are studied. The `Gini uncertainty constant' $\eta_d$ is estimated numerically and compared to an upper bound $\tilde \eta_d\ge \eta_d$. It is shown that for large $d$ we get $\tilde \eta_d\approx \eta_d$. States $\ket{g}$ with minimum Gini uncertainty and displacement transformations are used to define coherent states $\ket{\alpha, \beta}_g$ (where $\alpha, \beta \in {\mathbb Z}_d$) with minimum Gini uncertainty ($\Delta[\ket{\alpha, \beta}_g\;_g\bra{\alpha, \beta}]\approx \eta_d$). The $\ket{\alpha, \beta}_g$ resolve the identity, and therefore an arbitrary state can be expanded in terms of them. This expansion is robust in the presence of noise.

Published
2022
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5. Metamagnetism of few layer topological antiferromagnets

Author

Lei, C., Heinonen, O., MacDonald, A. H., and McQueeney, R. J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

MnBi$_2$Te$_4$ (MBT) is a promising antiferromagnetic topological insulator whose films provide access to novel and technologically important topological phases, including quantum anomalous Hall states and axion insulators. MBT device behavior is expected to be sensitive to the various collinear and non-collinear magnetic phases that are accessible in applied magnetic fields. Here, we use classical Monte Carlo simulations and electronic structure models to calculate the ground state magnetic phase diagram as well as topological and optical properties for few layer films with thicknesses up to six septuple layers. Using magnetic interaction parameters appropriate for MBT, we find that it is possible to prepare a variety of different magnetic stacking sequences, some of which have sufficient symmetry to disallow non-reciprocal optical response and Hall transport coefficients. Other stacking arrangements do yield large Faraday and Kerr signals, even when the ground state Chern number vanishes., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures

Published
2021
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6. Topological Quantum Computing Using Nanowire Devices

Author

Tutschku, C., Reinthaler, R. W., Lei, C., MacDonald, A. H., and Hankiewicz, E. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Quantum Physics
Abstract

The boundary of topological superconductors might lead to the appearance of Majorana edge modes, whose non-trivial exchange statistics can be used for topological quantum computing. In branched nanowire networks one can exchange Majorana states by time-dependently tuning topologically non-trivial parameter regions. In this work, we simulate the exchange of four Majorana modes in T-shaped junctions made out of p-wave superconducting Rashba wires. We derive concrete experimental predictions for (quasi-)adiabatic braiding times and determine geometric conditions for successful Majorana exchange processes. Contrary to the widespread opinion, we show for the first time that in the adiabatic limit the gating time needs to be smaller than the inverse of the squared superconducting order parameter and scales linearly with the gating potential. Further, we show how to circumvent the formation of additional Majorana modes in branched nanowire systems, arising at wire intersection points of narrow junctions. Finally, we propose a multi qubit setup, which allows for universal and in particular topologically protected quantum computing.

Published
2019
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10. Peri-Ulcerative Mucosal Inflammation Appearance is an Independent Risk Factor for 30-Day Rebleeding in Patients with Gastric Ulcer Bleeding: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Author

Bai Y, Lei C, Zhang N, Liu Y, Hu Z, Li Y, and Qi R

Subjects
gastric ulcer, peptic ulcer bleeding, risk factors, rebleeding, peri-ulcerative mucosal inflammation, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Yixuan Bai,1 Chenggang Lei,2 Na Zhang,1 Yuhui Liu,1 Zhengyu Hu,3 Yan Li,4 Ran Qi5 1Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Affiliated Dalian Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ran Qi, Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China, Email 2011070@tongji.edu.cnAim: The aim of this study was to identify clinical endoscopic indicators related to peri-ulcerative mucosal inflammation and to analyze whether the degree of peri-ulcerative mucosal inflammation appearance is an independent risk factor for gastric ulcer rebleeding.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study that included patients with gastric ulcer bleeding who were hospitalized at three medical centers in China from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019. Ulcer rebleeding that occurred within 30 days of successful initial hemostasis was analyzed to determine whether this event was related to the degree of peri-ulcerative mucosal inflammation appearance or other mucosal inflammation-related factors.Results: We enrolled 1111 patients and determined that GBS-Rebleeding-ROC (P< 0.001), age (P=0.01), use of NSAIDs (P=0.001), bile reflux (P< 0.001), and Helicobacter pylori (P< 0.001) are all risk factors for peri-ulcerative mucosal inflammation appearance. Through multivariate analysis, we determined that severe peri-ulcerative mucosal inflammation appearance (P=0.002) was an independent risk factor for ulcer rebleeding within 30 days. Finally, we developed a risk assessment model using factors associated with mucosal inflammation that may be useful for early prediction of rebleeding.Conclusion: The risk factors for peri-ulcerative mucosal inflammation appearance were identified. Severe peri-ulcerative mucosal inflammation appearance is an independent risk factor for ulcer rebleeding.Keywords: gastric ulcer, peptic ulcer bleeding, risk factors, rebleeding, peri-ulcerative mucosal inflammation

Published
2022

11. Identification of a Novel OFD1 Variant in a Patient with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Author

Yang B, Lei C, Yang D, Lu C, Xu Y, Wang L, Guo T, Wang R, and Luo H

Subjects
ofd1, primary ciliary dyskinesia, cilia, situs inversus, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Binyi Yang,1– 3,* Cheng Lei,1– 3,* Danhui Yang,1– 3 Chenyang Lu,1– 3 Yingjie Xu,1– 3 Lin Wang,1– 3 Ting Guo,1– 3 Rongchun Wang,1– 3 Hong Luo1– 3 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China; 2Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China; 3Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rongchun Wang; Hong Luo, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China, Email 198202060@csu.edu.cn; luohonghuxi@csu.edu.cnBackground: OFD1 encodes a protein with 1012 amino acids, which is a component of basal bodies and centrioles, essential for cilia biogenesis. OFD1 was reported to be associated with X-chromosome linked dysmorphology syndrome in early studies and recent studies reported a few cases with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) caused by OFD1 deficiency.Case Presentation: We report a 31-year-old man who suffered from recurrent respiratory infections with typical manifestations of primary ciliary dyskinesia. In addition to respiratory manifestations, the patient also had situs inversus, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux, and hearing impairment. Clubbing fingers and mild streblomicrodactyly were also observed.Examination Result: We performed whole-exome sequencing to identify a novel variant c.2795delA:p.(Lys932Argfs*3) in OFD1. The hemizygous variant was predicted to be likely pathogenic by bioinformatic analysis software and ACMG guideline. High-speed video microscopy (HSVM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence were performed to analyze the respiratory cilia. A high beating frequency and a stiff beating pattern were observed under HSVM, while there were no significant abnormalities in TEM and immunofluorescence. The sperm flagella examinations were also generally normal.Conclusion: Our study identified a novel frameshift variant in OFD1 causing PCD, enriched the genetic spectrum of OFD1 variants, and verified that OFD1 mutation can lead to only a PCD characteristic phenotype, while other OFD1-associated syndromic symptoms such as dysmorphic features and renal symptoms were not present.Keywords: OFD1, primary ciliary dyskinesia, cilia, situs inversus

Published
2022

13. Selective correlations in finite quantum systems and the Desargues property

Author

Lei, C. and Vourdas, A.

Subjects
Mathematical Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

The Desargues property is well known in the context of projective geometry. An analogous property is presented in the context of both classical and Quantum Physics. In a classical context, the Desargues property implies that two logical circuits with the same input, show in their outputs selective correlations. In general their outputs are uncorrelated, but if the output of one has a particular value, then the output of the other has another particular value. In a quantum context, the Desargues property implies that two experiments each of which involves two successive projective measurements, have selective correlations. For a particular set of projectors, if in one experiment the second measurement does not change the output of the first measurement, then the same is true in the other experiment.

Published
2018
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16. Thrombo-Inflammatory Prognostic Scores Improve BISAP-Based Risk Stratification in Acute Pancreatitis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Author

Han T, Cheng T, Liao Y, Lai Q, Tang S, Liu B, He Y, Lei C, and Cao Y

Subjects
acute pancreatitis, prognosis, thrombo-inflammatory prognostic score (tips), bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (bisap), risk stratification, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Tianyong Han,1,&ast; Tao Cheng,1,&ast; Ye Liao,2 Qiang Lai,1 Shiyuan Tang,1 Bofu Liu,1 Yarong He,1 Chenxi Lei,1 Yuling Cao,3 Yu Cao1 1Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Medical Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 3Operations Management Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yu Cao, Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 28-85422288, Email caoyu@wchscu.cnPurpose: The thrombo-inflammatory prognostic score (TIPS) and the bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) are both scoring systems that enable the rapid prognostic assessment of early-stage acute pancreatitis (AP) patients, but the overall prognostic utility of these individual systems is limited. This study was thus developed to explore whether a combination of TIPS and BISAP scores would offer better insight to facilitate the risk stratification of AP patients.Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort research evaluated AP cases referred to the emergency department from January 1, 2017 to September 30, 2017. The ability of TIPS scores to improve BISAP-based AP patient risk stratification was appraised employing the curves of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) approaches. The initial endpoint for this research was 28-day mortality, while secondary endpoints comprised intensive care unit admission (AICU) and mechanical ventilation (MV) over a 28-day follow-up period.Results: Totally, 440 cases enrolled in the current study were divided at a ratio of 1:1 to derivation and validation cohorts. When estimating 28-day mortality, the combination of TIPS and BISAP (T-BISAP) improved the area under the curve (AUC) value in the derivation group from 0.809 to 0.903 (P

Published
2022

17. Novel Compound Heterozygous Variants in CCDC40 Associated with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Multiple Morphological Abnormalities of the Sperm Flagella

Author

Xu Y, Yang B, Lei C, Yang D, Ding S, Lu C, Wang L, Guo T, Wang R, and Luo H

Subjects
pcd, mmaf, ccdc40, male infertility, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Yingjie Xu,1– 3,* Binyi Yang,1– 3,* Cheng Lei,1– 3 Danhui Yang,1– 3 Shuizi Ding,1– 3 Chenyang Lu,1– 3 Lin Wang,1– 3 Ting Guo,1– 3 Rongchun Wang,1– 3 Hong Luo1– 3 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China; 2Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China; 3Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rongchun Wang; Hong Luo, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China, Email 198202060@csu.edu.cn; luohonghuxi@csu.edu.cnAbstract: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations of genes coding motile-cilia-related proteins. CCDC40 variants can cause PCD via disrupting the assembling of inner dynein and dynein regulating complex in cilia and flagella, but none has been reported associated with multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF). We identified and validated the disease-causing variants in our patient via whole-exome and Sanger sequencing. We used high-speed video microscopy analysis (HSVA) and immunofluorescence to analyze the functional and structural deficiency of respiratory cilia. Papanicolaou staining and scanning electron microscope was applied to analyze the morphological sperm defects resulted from the PCD associated variants. We identified novel compound variants (c.901C>T, p.(Arg301*); c.2065_2068dup, p.(Ala690Glyfs*67)) in CCDC40 in a male patient with male infertility. HSVA revealed the rigid and stiff ciliary beating pattern. Immunofluorescence indicated loss of inner dynein arm protein DNAH2 both in cilia and the sperms of the patient. Diagnosis of MMAF was confirmed through sperm Papanicolaou staining and scanning electron microscope. We first describe a patient with a combination of PCD and MMAF associated with novel compound heterozygous variants in CCDC40. Our results present initial evidence that CCDC40 associated with MMAF, which expands the genetic spectrum of PCD and MMAF and provides precise clinical genetic counseling to this family.Keywords: PCD, MMAF, CCDC40, male infertility

Published
2022

18. Analysis of the Value of the Blood Urea Nitrogen to Albumin Ratio as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Sepsis

Author

Han T, Cheng T, Liao Y, Tang S, Liu B, He Y, Gu Z, Lei C, and Cao Y

Subjects
sepsis, blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio, risk factors, prognosis, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Tianyong Han,1,&ast; Tao Cheng,1,&ast; Ye Liao,2 Shiyuan Tang,1 Bofu Liu,1 Yarong He,1 Zhihan Gu,1 Chenxi Lei,1 Yuling Cao,3 Yu Cao1 1Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Medical Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 3Operations Management Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yu Cao, Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +028-85422288, Email caoyu@wchscu.cnPurpose: At present, simple, accurate, and efficient prognostic tools for the evaluation of cases with early-stage sepsis in the emergency department (ED) are lacking. An increased blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio (BAR) has previously been shown to be a valuable biomarker with predictive utility in several diseases. The relationship between BAR and sepsis patient outcomes, however, is not well-understood. This exploration was thus developed for the exploration of the link between BAR values and the short-term prognosis of cases with sepsis.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort research of sepsis cases admitted to the West China Hospital of Sichuan University ED from July 2015 to June 2016. Laboratory data were collected upon ED admission, and 7-day all-cause mortality was the primary study endpoint. Relationships between BAR values and APACE II and SOFA scores were generated assessed with correlation coefficient heatmaps. Independent risk factors were identified through multivariate analyses, with the curves of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) being employed to gauge the value of BAR as a predictor of the risk of mortality in sepsis cases.Results: In sum, 801 patients participated in the present investigation. BAR values were strongly correlated with APACHE II and SOFA scores. In a multivariate logistic regression assessment, BAR was identified as an independent predictor of mortality among patients with sepsis (HR=1.032, 95% CI: 1.010– 1.055, P=0.004). BAR exhibited an AUC of 0.741 (95% CI: 0.688– 0.793, P< 0.001) when used to predict patient mortality risk, with 5.27 being the optimal BAR cut-off.Conclusion: We found that BAR can be used as a reliable biomarker to predict mortality in patients with sepsis.Keywords: sepsis, blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio, risk factors, prognosis

Published
2022

19. Development and Validation of a Novel Prognostic Score Based on Thrombotic and Inflammatory Biomarkers for Predicting 28-Day Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis

Author

Han T, Cheng T, Liao Y, He Y, Liu B, Lai Q, Pan P, Liu J, Lei C, and Cao Y

Subjects
acute pancreatitis, prognosis, clinical outcomes, thrombosis, inflammation, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Tianyong Han,1,&ast; Tao Cheng,1,&ast; Ye Liao,2 Yarong He,1 Bofu Liu,1 Qiang Lai,1 Pan Pan,1 Junzhao Liu,1 Chenxi Lei,1 Yu Cao1 1Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Medical Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yu CaoEmergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 28-85422288, Email caoyu@wchscu.cnBackground: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a multifactorial disease that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Thrombosis and inflammation are involved in the development and progression of AP.Aim: To develop and validate a novel and simple scoring system for predicting 28-day adverse outcomes in AP patients based on a thrombotic and an inflammatory biomarker.Methods: A single-center, retrospective cohort study was used to establish the new scoring system (thrombo-inflammatory prognostic score; TIPS), and another study was used to verify it. The study end points were 28-day mortality, requirement for mechanical ventilation (MV), persistent organ failure (POF), and admission to the intensive care unit (AICU). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was drawn to validate the predictive value of the TIPS. The performance of the TIPS was compared with that of conventional predictive scoring systems. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between the TIPS and the different end points.Results: Among 440 patients with AP in the derivation group, 27 patients died within the 28-day follow-up period. Prothrombin time (PT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were used to calculate the TIPS. The TIPS (AUC=0.843) showed a performance comparable to that of the more established APACHE II (AUC=0.841), SOFA (AUC=0.797), BISAP (AUC=0.762), and Balthazar CT (AUC=0.655) in predicting 28-day mortality in AP. The 28-day mortality and the incidence of MV, POF, and AICU were significantly higher among patients with a higher TIPS (P< 0.001). The results of logistic regression analyses indicated that the TIPS was independently associated with the risks of 28-day mortality, AICU, MV and POF.Conclusion: The TIPS can enable prediction of 28-day adverse clinical outcomes with AP patients in the ED.Keywords: acute pancreatitis, prognosis, clinical outcomes, thrombosis, inflammation

Published
2022

21. The groupoid of bifractional transformations

Author

Agyo, S., Lei, C., and Vourdas, A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Bifractional transformations which lead to quantities that interpolate between other known quantities, are considered. They do not form a group, and groupoids are used to described their mathematical structure. Bifractional coherent states and bifractional Wigner functions are also defined. The properties of the bifractional coherent states are studied. The bifractional Wigner functions are used in generalizations of the Moyal star formalism. A generalized Berezin formalism in this context, is also studied.

Published
2017
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22. Test Beam Performance Measurements for the Phase I Upgrade of the CMS Pixel Detector

Author

Dragicevic, M., Friedl, M., Hrubec, J., Steininger, H., Gädda, A., Härkönen, J., Lampén, T., Luukka, P., Peltola, T., Tuominen, E., Tuovinen, E., Winkler, A., Eerola, P., Tuuva, T., Baulieu, G., Boudoul, G., Caponetto, L., Combaret, C., Contardo, D., Dupasquier, T., Gallbit, G., Lumb, N., Mirabito, L., Perries, S., Donckt, M. Vander, Viret, S., Bonnin, C., Charles, L., Gross, L., Hosselet, J., Tromson, D., Feld, L., Karpinski, W., Klein, K., Lipinski, M., Pierschel, G., Preuten, M., Rauch, M., Wlochal, M., Aldaya, M., Asawatangtrakuldee, C., Beernaert, K., Bertsche, D., Contreras-Campana, C., Eckerlin, G., Eckstein, D., Eichhorn, T., Gallo, E., Garcia, J. Garay, Hansen, K., Haranko, M., Harb, A., Hauk, J., Keaveney, J., Kalogeropoulos, A., Kleinwort, C., Lohmann, W., Mankel, R., Maser, H., Mittag, G., Muhl, C., Mussgiller, A., Pitzl, D., Reichelt, O., Savitskyi, M., Schütze, P., Sola, V., Spannagel, S., Walsh, R., Zuber, A., Biskop, H., Buhmann, P., Centis-Vignali, M., Garutti, E., Haller, J., Hoffmann, M., Klanner, R., Lapsien, T., Matysek, M., Perieanu, A., Scharf, Ch., Schleper, P., Schmidt, A., Schwandt, J., Sonneveld, J., Steinbrück, G., Vormwald, B., Wellhausen, J., Abbas, M., Amstutz, C., Barvich, T., Barth, Ch., Boegelspacher, F., De Boer, W., Butz, E., Casele, M., Colombo, F., Dierlamm, A., Freund, B., Hartmann, F., Heindl, S., Husemann, U., Kornmeyer, A., Kudella, S., Muller, Th., Simonis, H. J., Steck, P., Weber, M., Weiler, Th., Kiss, T., Siklér, F., Tölyhi, T., Veszprémi, V., Cariola, P., Creanza, D., De Palma, M., De Robertis, G., Fiore, L., Franco, M., Loddo, F., Sala, G., Silvestris, L., Maggi, G., My, S., Selvaggi, G., Albergo, S., Cappello, G., Costa, S., Di Mattia, A., Giordano, F., Potenza, R., Saizu, M. A., Tricomi, A., Tuve, C., Focardi, E., Dinardo, M. E., Fiorendi, S., Gennai, S., Malvezzi, S., Manzoni, R. A., Menasce, D., Moroni, L., Pedrini, D., Azzi, P., Bacchetta, N., Bisello, D., Dall'Osso, M., Pozzobon, N., Tosi, M., Solestizi, L. Alunni, Biasini, M., Bilei, G. M., Cecchi, C., Checcucci, B., Ciangottini, D., Fanò, L., Gentsos, C., Ionica, M., Leonardi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovani, G., Marconi, S., Mariani, V., Menichelli, M., Modak, A., Morozzi, A., Moscatelli, F., Passeri, D., Placidi, P., Postolache, V., Rossi, A., Saha, A., Santocchia, A., Storchi, L., Spiga, D., Androsov, K., Azzurri, P., Bagliesi, G., Basti, A., Boccali, T., Borrello, L., Bosi, F., Castaldi, R., Ceccanti, M., Ciocci, M. A., Dell'Orso, R., Donato, S., Fedi, G., Giassi, A., Grippo, M. T., Ligabue, F., Magazzu, G., Mammini, P., Mariani, F., Mazzoni, E., Messineo, A., Moggi, A., Morsani, F., Palla, F., Palmonari, F., Profeti, A., Raffaelli, F., Ragonesi, A., Rizzi, A., Soldani, A., Spagnolo, P., Tenchini, R., Tonelli, G., Venturi, A., Verdini, P. G., Abbaneo, D., Ahmed, I., Albert, E., Auzinger, G., Berruti, G., Bonnaud, J., Daguin, J., D'Auria, A., Detraz, S., Dondelewski, O., Engegaard, B., Faccio, F., Frank, N., Gill, K., Honma, A., Kornmayer, A., Labaza, A., Manolescu, F., McGill, I., Mersi, S., Michelis, S., Onnela, A., Ostrega, M., Pavis, S., Peisert, A., Pernot, J. -F., Petagna, P., Postema, H., Rapacz, K., Sigaud, C., Tropea, P., Troska, J., Tsirou, A., Vasey, F., Verlaat, B., Vichoudis, P., Zwalinski, L., Bachmair, F., Becker, R., di Calafiori, D., Casal, B., Berger, P., Djambazov, L., Donega, M., Grab, C., Hits, D., Hoss, J., Kasieczka, G., Lustermann, W., Mangano, B., Marionneau, M., del Arbol, P. Martinez Ruiz, Masciovecchio, M., Meinhard, M., Perozzi, L., Roeser, U., Starodumov, A., Tavolaro, V., Wallny, R., Zhu, D., Bösiger, K., Caminada, L., Canelli, F., Chiochia, V., de Cosa, A., Galloni, C., Hreus, T., Kilminster, B., Lange, C., Maier, R., Ngadiuba, J., Pinna, D., Robmann, P., Taroni, S., Yang, Y., Bertl, W., Deiters, K., Erdmann, W., Horisberger, R., Kaestli, H. -C., Kotlinski, D., Langenegger, U., Meier, B., Rohe, T., Streuli, S., Chen, P. -H., Dietz, C., Fiori, F., Grundler, U., Hou, W. -S., Lu, R. -S., Moya, M., Tsai, J. -F., Tzeng, Y. M., Cussans, D., Goldstein, J., Grimes, M., Newbold, D., Hobson, P., Reid, I. D., Bainbridge, R., Dauncey, P., Hall, G., James, T., Magnan, A. -M., Pesaresi, M., Raymond, D. M., Uchida, K., Durkin, T., Harder, K., Shepherd-Themistocleous, C., Chertok, M., Conway, J., Conway, R., Flores, C., Lander, R., Pellett, D., Ricci-Tam, F., Squires, M., Thomson, J., Yohay, R., Burt, K., Ellison, J., Hanson, G., Olmedo, M., Si, W., Yates, B. R., Dominguez, A., Bartek, R., Bentele, B., Cumalat, J. P., Ford, W. T., Jensen, F., Johnson, A., Krohn, M., Leontsinis, S., Mulholland, T., Stenson, K., Wagner, S. R., Apresyan, A., Bolla, G., Burkett, K., Butler, J. N., Canepa, A., Cheung, H. W. K., Christian, D., Cooper, W. E., Deptuch, G., Derylo, G., Gingu, C., Grünendahl, S., Hasegawa, S., Hoff, J., Howell, J., Hrycyk, M., Jindariani, S., Johnson, M., Kahlid, F., Kwan, S., Lei, C. M., Lipton, R., De Sá, R. Lopes, Liu, T., Los, S., Matulik, M., Merkel, P., Nahn, S., Prosser, A., Rivera, R., Schneider, B., Sellberg, G., Shenai, A., Siehl, K., Spiegel, L., Tran, N., Uplegger, L., Voirin, E., Berry, D. R., Chen, X., Ennesser, L., Evdokimov, A., Gerber, C. E., Makauda, S., Mills, C., Gonzalez, I. D. Sandoval, Alimena, J., Antonelli, L. J., Francis, B., Hart, A., Hill, C. S., Parashar, N., Stupak, J., Bortoletto, D., Bubna, M., Hinton, N., Jones, M., Miller, D. H., Shi, X., Baringer, P., Bean, A., Khalil, S., Kropivnitskaya, A., Majumder, D., Schmitz, E., Wilson, G., Ivanov, A., Mendis, R., Mitchell, T., Skhirtladze, N., Taylor, R., Anderson, I., Fehling, D., Gritsan, A., Maksimovic, P., Martin, C., Nash, K., Osherson, M., Swartz, M., Xiao, M., Acosta, J. G., Cremaldi, L. M., Oliveros, S., Perera, L., Summers, D., Bloom, K., Claes, D. R., Fangmeier, C., Suarez, R. Gonzalez, Monroy, J., Siado, J., Bartz, E., Gershtein, Y., Halkiadakis, E., Kyriacou, S., Lath, A., Schnetzer, S., Stone, R., Walker, M., Malik, S., Norberg, S., Vargas, J. E. Ramirez, Alyari, M., Dolen, J., Godshalk, A., Harrington, C., Iashvili, I., Kharchilava, A., Nguyen, D., Parker, A., Rappoccio, S., Roozbahani, B., Alexander, J., Chaves, J., Chu, J., Dittmer, S., McDermott, K., Mirman, N., Rinkevicius, A., Ryd, A., Salvati, E., Skinnari, L., Soffi, L., Tao, Z., Thom, J., Tucker, J., Zientek, M., Akgün, B., Ecklund, K. M., Kilpatrick, M., Nussbaum, T., Zabel, J., D'Angelo, P., Johns, W., and Rose, K.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A new pixel detector for the CMS experiment was built in order to cope with the instantaneous luminosities anticipated for the Phase~I Upgrade of the LHC. The new CMS pixel detector provides four-hit tracking with a reduced material budget as well as new cooling and powering schemes. A new front-end readout chip mitigates buffering and bandwidth limitations, and allows operation at low comparator thresholds. In this paper, comprehensive test beam studies are presented, which have been conducted to verify the design and to quantify the performance of the new detector assemblies in terms of tracking efficiency and spatial resolution. Under optimal conditions, the tracking efficiency is $99.95\pm0.05\,\%$, while the intrinsic spatial resolutions are $4.80\pm0.25\,\mu \mathrm{m}$ and $7.99\pm0.21\,\mu \mathrm{m}$ along the $100\,\mu \mathrm{m}$ and $150\,\mu \mathrm{m}$ pixel pitch, respectively. The findings are compared to a detailed Monte Carlo simulation of the pixel detector and good agreement is found.

Published
2017
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23. Maternal Genetic Diversity, Differentiation and Phylogeny of Wild Yak and Four Domestic Yak Breeds in Qinghai, China Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytb Variations.

Author

Xu, D., Li, R., Xu, Y., Guo, W., Chen, S., Li, W., Huang, W., Lei, C., and Ma, Z.

Subjects
YAK, GENETIC variation, CYTOCHROME b, PHYLOGENY, MITOCHONDRIA, SHEEP breeds
Abstract

Yak (Bos grunniens) is a unique livestock animal originating from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. In the current study, we investigated the maternal genetic diversity, differentiation and phylogeny of wild yak population and four domestic yak breeds (Qinghai-Gaoyuan, Huanhu, Xueduo, and Yushu) in Qinghai, China by analyzing 166 mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene sequence variations. The results showed that the five yak breeds/populations had high genetic diversity (Hd = 0.501 ± 0.088–0.770 ± 0.053) and each yak breed/population owned unique haplotypes. Estimates of FST values showed a moderate genetic differentiation between wild yak and Huanhu yak (FST = 0.0577) as well as that between Huanhu yak and Yushu yak breeds (FST = 0.0520), but a weak genetic differentiation was observed between the other yak breeds/populations (–0.0209 < FST < 0.0372). Additionally, the clustering analysis based on RST values showed that Xueduo yak and Huanhu yak were clustered into one group, and each of the other three yak breeds/populations was separated into one group, respectively. Overall, the clustering relationship between wild yak and Yushu yak was closer. Maternal phylogenetic analysis showed that wild yak and four domestic yak breeds/populations in Qinghai represented in three maternal lineages (Mt-I, Mt-II, and Mt-III), indicating three maternal origins in yak. Our study would provide valuable information for the conservation and utilization of wild yak and Qinghai domestic yak breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Identification of Two Novel DNAAF2 Variants in Two Consanguineous Families with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Author

Lu C, Yang D, Lei C, Wang R, Guo T, and Luo H

Subjects
primary ciliary dyskinesia, scoliosis, dnaaf2, bronchiectasis, situs inversus, female infertility, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Chenyang Lu,1– 3,* Danhui Yang,1– 3,* Cheng Lei,1– 3 Rongchun Wang,1– 3 Ting Guo,1– 3 Hong Luo1– 3 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 2Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 3Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hong Luo; Ting GuoDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail luohonghuxi@csu.edu.cn; guotingxy@csu.edu.cnBackground: Dynein axonemal assembly factor 2 (DNAAF2) is involved in the early preassembly of dynein in the cytoplasm, which is essential for motile cilia function. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) associated with DNAAF2 variants has rarely been reported in females with infertility. Moreover, there is no report linking DNAAF2 to scoliosis in human.Materials and Methods: We recruited patients from two consanguineous families with a clinical diagnosis of PCD and collected their clinical history, laboratory tests, and radiographic data. Sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were then performed. Immunofluorescence and high-speed microscope analysis were used to support the pathogenicity of the variant.Results: Proband 1, a 26-year-old female from family I, exhibited scoliosis, bronchiectasis, sinusitis, situs inversus, and infertility. We found a novel homozygous missense variant in DNAAF2, c.491T>C, p.(Leu164Pro) in this patient. Subsequent immunofluorescence indicated the absence of outer dynein arm and inner dynein arm of cilia, and high-speed microscopy analysis showed that the most of the cilia are static, which support the pathogenicity of this variant. Proband 2, a 53-year-old female, presented with bronchiectasis, sinusitis, and infertility. In this patient, a new homozygous frameshift variant DNAAF2, c.822del, p.(Ala275Profs*10) was identified. The disease-causing variants mentioned above are not included in the current authorized genetic databases.Conclusion: Our findings expand the spectrum of DNAAF2 variants and link DNAAF2 to female infertility and likely scoliosis in patients with PCD.Keywords: primary ciliary dyskinesia, scoliosis, DNAAF2, bronchiectasis, situs inversus, female infertility

Published
2021

27. HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Genetic Transmission Networks Among MSM Failing Antiretroviral Therapy in South China 2014–2019

Author

Lan Y, Deng X, Li L, Cai W, Li J, Cai X, Li F, Hu F, Lei C, and Tang X

Subjects
drug resistance, genetic transmission networks, hiv-1, msm, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Yun Lan,&ast; Xizi Deng,&ast; Linghua Li, Weiping Cai, Junbin Li, Xiaoli Cai, Feng Li, Fengyu Hu, Chunliang Lei, Xiaoping Tang Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510030, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chunliang Lei; Xiaoping TangGuangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 627 Dongfeng East Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510030, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail gz8hlcl@126.com; tangxp@gzhmu.edu.cnBackground: Guangdong, located in South China, is one of the areas heavily affected by HIV-1 in China. The transmission of HIV-1 among men who have sex with men (MSM) has gradually been increasing in Guangdong.Objective: To investigate the characteristics of the HIV-1 drug resistance, and genetic transmission networks in MSM with antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure from 2014 to 2019 in Guangdong.Methods: HIV-1 pol gene sequences were amplified. An online subtyping tool was used to determine the genotype, and a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was reconstructed to confirm the genotype results. The Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database was used to analyse the sequences of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and drug resistance profiles. A pairwise Tamura-Nei 93 genetic distance-based method was used to analyse the genetic transmission networks.Results: Of 393 sequences isolated from HIV-infected MSM with ART failure, CRF01_AE (47.3%), CRF07_BC (21.4%) and CRF55_01B (21.4%) were the top three strains. 55.2% individuals harboured NRTI DRMs, whereas 67.4% carried NNRTI DRMs. 96.8% cases harboured mutations resistance to NRTIs or NNRTIs at high-level. The most common DRMs were M184I/V (42.2%), followed by V179D/E (37.9%) and K65R (27.2%). Of the subtype B sequences, no sequence fell into a cluster. Of the CRF01_AE, CRF55_01B, and CRF59_01B sequences, 14.5%, 61.9%, and 33.3% fell into clusters, respectively. Of the CRF07_BC sequences, 39.3% fell into clusters. The majority of MSM in transmission networks were concentrated at age below 35 years old, with multiple links. Moreover, approximately 54.8% of MSM had more than 2 potential transmission partners.Conclusion: Drug resistance mutations more frequently occurred in NNRTIs among MSM with ART failure in Guangdong Province. Transmission network analysis revealed a complex transmission pattern, and more attention should be given to younger HIV-1-infected MSM with multiple links.Keywords: HIV-1, drug resistance, genetic transmission networks, MSM

Published
2021

28. An analytic function approach to weak mutually unbiased bases

Author

Olupitan, T., Lei, C., and Vourdas, A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Quantum systems with variables in ${\mathbb Z}(d)$ are considered, and three different structures are studied. The first is weak mutually unbiased bases, for which the absolute value of the overlap of any two vectors in two different bases is $1/\sqrt{k}$ (where $k|d$) or $0$. The second is maximal lines through the origin in the ${\mathbb Z}(d)\times {\mathbb Z}(d)$ phase space. The third is an analytic representation in the complex plane based on Theta functions, and their zeros. It is shown that there is a correspondence (triality) that links strongly these three apparently different structures. For simplicity, the case where $d=p_1\times p_2$, where $p_1,p_2$ are odd prime numbers different from each other, is considered.

Published
2016
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29. Quantum nondemolition measurement of mechanical squeezed state beyond the 3 dB limit

Author

Lei, C. U., Weinstein, A. J., Suh, J., Wollman, E. E., Kronwald, A., Marquardt, F., Clerk, A. A., and Schwab, K. C.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We use a reservoir engineering technique based on two-tone driving to generate and stabilize a quantum squeezed state of a micron-scale mechanical oscillator in a microwave optomechanical system. Using an independent backaction evading measurement to directly quantify the squeezing, we observe $4.7\pm0.9$ dB of squeezing below the zero-point level, surpassing the 3 dB limit of standard parametric squeezing techniques. Our measurements also reveal evidence for an additional mechanical parametric effect. The interplay between this effect and the optomechanical interaction enhances the amount of squeezing obtained in the experiment.

Published
2016
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30. Paths of zeros of analytic functions describing finite quantum systems

Author

Eissa, H., Evangelides, P., Lei, C., and Vourdas, A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Quantum systems with positions and momenta in Z(d), are described by the d zeros of analytic functions on a torus. The d paths of these zeros on the torus, describe the time evolution of the system. A semi-analytic method for the calculation of these paths of the zeros, is discussed. Detailed analysis of the paths for periodic systems, is presented. A periodic system which has the displacement operator to a real power t, as time evolution operator, is studied. Several numerical examples, which elucidate these ideas, are presented.

Published
2016
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31. Quantum squeezing of motion in a mechanical resonator

Author

Wollman, E. E., Lei, C. U., Weinstein, A. J., Suh, J., Kronwald, A., Marquardt, F., Clerk, A. A., and Schwab, K. C.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

As a result of the quantum, wave-like nature of the physical world, a harmonic oscillator can never be completely at rest. Even in the quantum ground state, its position will always have fluctuations, called the zero-point motion. Although the zero-point fluctuations are unavoidable, they can be manipulated. In this work, using microwave frequency radiation pressure, we both prepare a micron-scale mechanical system in a state near the quantum ground state and then manipulate its thermal fluctuations to produce a stationary, quadrature-squeezed state. We deduce that the variance of one motional quadrature is 0.80 times the zero-point level, or 1 dB of sub-zero-point squeezing. This work is relevant to the quantum engineering of states of matter at large length scales, the study of decoherence of large quantum systems, and for the realization of ultra-sensitive sensing of force and motion.

Published
2015
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32. Trapping in irradiated p-on-n silicon sensors at fluences anticipated at the HL-LHC outer tracker

Author

Adam, W., Bergauer, T., Dragicevic, M., Friedl, M., Fruehwirth, R., Hoch, M., Hrubec, J., Krammer, M., Treberspurg, W., Waltenberger, W., Alderweireldt, S., Beaumont, W., Janssen, X., Luyckx, S., Van Mechelen, P., Van Remortel, N., Van Spilbeeck, A., Barria, P., Caillol, C., Clerbaux, B., De Lentdecker, G., Dobur, D., Favart, L., Grebenyuk, A., Lenzi, Th., Léonard, A., Maerschalk, Th., Mohammadi, A., Perniè, L., Randle-Conde, A., Reis, T., Seva, T., Thomas, L., Velde, C. Vander, Vanlaer, P., Wang, J., Zenoni, F., Zeid, S. Abu, Blekman, F., De Bruyn, I., D'Hondt, J., Daci, N., Deroover, K., Heracleous, N., Keaveney, J., Lowette, S., Moreels, L., Olbrechts, A., Python, Q., Tavernier, S., Van Mulders, P., Van Onsem, G., Van Parijs, I., Strom, D. A., Caudron, A., Ceard, L., De Callatay, B., Delaere, C., Pree, T. Du, Forthomme, L., Giammanco, A., Hollar, J., Jez, P., Michotte, D., Nuttens, C., Perrini, L., Pagano, D., Quertenmont, L., Selvaggi, M., Marono, M. Vidal, Beliy, N., Caebergs, T., Daubie, E., Hammad, G. H., Härkönen, J., Lampén, T., Luukka, P. -R., Mäenpää, T., Peltola, T., Tuominen, E., Tuovinen, E., Eerola, P., Tuuva, T., Beaulieu, G., Boudoul, G., Combaret, C., Contardo, D., Gallbit, G., Lumb, N., Mathez, H., Mirabito, L., Perries, S., Sabes, D., Donckt, M. Vander, Verdier, P., Viret, S., Zoccarato, Y., Agram, J. -L., Conte, E., Fontaine, J. -Ch., Andrea, J., Bloch, D., Bonnin, C., Brom, J. -M., Chabert, E., Charles, L., Goetzmann, Ch., Gross, L., Hosselet, J., Mathieu, C., Richer, M., Skovpen, K., Autermann, C., Edelhoff, M., Esser, H., Feld, L., Karpinski, W., Klein, K., Lipinski, M., Ostapchuk, A., Pierschel, G., Preuten, M., Raupach, F., Sammet, J., Schael, S., Schwering, G., Wittmer, B., Wlochal, M., Zhukov, V., Pistone, C., Fluegge, G., Kuensken, A., Geisler, M., Pooth, O., Stahl, A., Bartosik, N., Behr, J., Burgmeier, A., Calligaris, L., Dolinska, G., Eckerlin, G., Eckstein, D., Eichhorn, T., Fluke, G., Garcia, J. Garay, Gizhko, A., Hansen, K., Harb, A., Hauk, J., Kalogeropoulos, A., Kleinwort, C., Korol, I., Lange, W., Lohmann, W., Mankel, R., Maser, H., Mittag, G., Muhl, C., Mussgiller, A., Nayak, A., Ntomari, E., Perrey, H., Pitzl, D., Schroeder, M., Seitz, C., Spannagel, S., Zuber, A., Biskop, H., Blobel, V., Buhmann, P., Centis-Vignali, M., Draeger, A. -R., Erfle, J., Garutti, E., Haller, J., Hoffmann, M., Junkes, A., Lapsien, T., Mättig, S., Matysek, M., Perieanu, A., Poehlsen, J., Poehlsen, T., Scharf, Ch., Schleper, P., Schmidt, A., Sola, V., Steinbrück, G., Wellhausen, J., Barvich, T., Barth, Ch., Boegelspacher, F., De Boer, W., Butz, E., Casele, M., Colombo, F., Dierlamm, A., Eber, R., Freund, B., Hartmann, F., Hauth, Th., Heindl, S., Hoffmann, K. -H., Husemann, U., Kornmeyer, A., Mallows, S., Muller, Th., Nuernberg, A., Printz, M., Simonis, H. J., Steck, P., Weber, M., Weiler, Th., Bhardwaj, A., Kumar, A., Ranjan, K., Bakhshiansohl, H., Behnamian, H., Khakzad, M., Naseri, M., Cariola, P., De Robertis, G., Fiore, L., Franco, M., Loddo, F., Sala, G., Silvestris, L., Creanza, D., De Palma, M., Maggi, G., My, S., Selvaggi, G., Albergo, S., Cappello, G., Chiorboli, M., Costa, S., Giordano, F., Di Mattia, A., Potenza, R., Saizu, M. A., Tricomi, A., Tuvè, C., Barbagli, G., Brianzi, M., Ciaranfi, R., Civinini, C., Gallo, E., Meschini, M., Paoletti, S., Sguazzoni, G., Ciulli, V., D'Alessandro, R., Gonzi, S., Gori, V., Focardi, E., Lenzi, P., Scarlini, E., Tropiano, A., Viliani, L., Ferro, F., Robutti, E., Vetere, M. Lo, Gennai, S., Malvezzi, S., Menasce, D., Moroni, L., Pedrini, D., Dinardo, M., Fiorendi, S., Manzoni, R. A., Azzi, P., Bacchetta, N., Bisello, D., Dall'Osso, M., Dorigo, T., Giubilato, P., Pozzobon, N., Tosi, M., Zucchetta, A., De Canio, F., Gaioni, L., Manghisoni, M., Nodari, B., Re, V., Traversi, G., Comotti, D., Ratti, L., Bilei, G. M., Bissi, L., Checcucci, B., Magalotti, D., Menichelli, M., Saha, A., Servoli, L., Storchi, L., Biasini, M., Conti, E., Ciangottini, D., Fanò, L., Lariccia, P., Mantovani, G., Passeri, D., Placidi, P., Salvatore, M., Santocchia, A., Solestizi, L. A., Spiezia, A., Androsov, K., Azzurri, P., Arezzini, S., Bagliesi, G., Basti, A., Boccali, T., Bosi, F., Castaldi, R., Ciampa, A., Cioccid, M. A., Dell'Orso, R., Fedi, G., Giassi, A., Grippod, M. T., Lomtadze, T., Magazzu, G., Mazzoni, E., Minuti, M., Moggi, A., Moond, C. S., Morsani, F., Palla, F., Palmonari, F., Raffaelli, F., Savoy-Navarro, A., Serban, A. T., Spagnolo, P., Tenchini, R., Venturi, A., Verdini, P. G., Martini, L., Messineo, A., Rizzi, A., Tonelli, G., Calzolari, F., Donato, S., Fiori, F., Ligabue, F., Vernieri, C., Demaria, N., Rivetti, A., Bellan, R., Casasso, S., Costa, M., Covarelli, R., Migliore, E., Monteil, E., Musich, M., Pacher, L., Ravera, F., Romero, A., Solano, A., Trapani, P., Echeverria, R. Jaramillo, Fernandez, M., Gomez, G., Moya, D., Sanchez, F. J. Gonzalez, Sanchez, F. J. Munoz, Vila, I., Virto, A. L., Abbaneo, D., Ahmed, I., Albert, E., Auzinger, G., Berruti, G., Bianchi, G., Blanchot, G., Breuker, H., Ceresa, D., Christiansen, J., Cichy, K., Daguin, J., D'Alfonso, M., D'Auria, A., Detraz, S., De Visscher, S., Deyrail, D., Faccio, F., Felici, D., Frank, N., Gill, K., Giordano, D., Harris, P., Honma, A., Kaplon, J., Kornmayer, A., Kottelat, L., Kovacs, M., Mannelli, M., Marchioro, A., Marconi, S., Martina, S., Mersi, S., Michelis, S., Moll, M., Onnela, A., Pakulski, T., Pavis, S., Peisert, A., Pernot, J. -F., Petagna, P., Petrucciani, G., Postema, H., Rose, P., Rzonca, M., Stoye, M., Tropea, P., Troska, J., Tsirou, A., Vasey, F., Vichoudis, P., Verlaat, B., Zwalinski, L., Bachmair, F., Becker, R., Bäni, L., di Calafiori, D., Casal, B., Djambazov, L., Donega, M., Dünser, M., Eller, P., Grab, C., Hits, D., Horisberger, U., Hoss, J., Kasieczka, G., Lustermann, W., Mangano, B., Marionneau, M., del Arbol, P. Martinez Ruiz, Masciovecchio, M., Perrozzi, L., Roeser, U., Rossini, M., Starodumov, A., Takahashi, M., Wallny, R., Amsler, C., Bösiger, K., Caminada, L., Canelli, F., Chiochia, V., de Cosa, A., Galloni, C., Hreus, T., Kilminster, B., Lange, C., Maier, R., Ngadiuba, J., Pinna, D., Robmann, P., Taroni, S., Yang, Y., Bertl, W., Deiters, K., Erdmann, W., Horisberger, R., Kaestli, H. -C., Kotlinski, D., Langenegger, U., Meier, B., Rohe, T., Streuli, S., Chen, P. -H., Dietz, C., Grundler, U., Hou, W. -S., Lu, R. -S., Moya, M., Wilken, R., Cussans, D., Flacher, H., Goldstein, J., Grimes, M., Jacob, J., Nasr-Storey, S. Seif El, Cole, J., Hobson, P., Leggat, D., Reid, I. D., Teodorescu, L., Bainbridge, R., Dauncey, P., Fulcher, J., Hall, G., Magnan, A. -M., Pesaresi, M., Raymond, D. M., Uchida, K., Coughlan, J. A., Harder, K., Ilic, J., Tomalin, I. R., Garabedian, A., Heintz, U., Narain, M., Nelson, J., Sagir, S., Speer, T., Swanson, J., Tersegno, D., Watson-Daniels, J., Chertok, M., Conway, J., Conway, R., Flores, C., Lander, R., Pellett, D., Ricci-Tam, F., Squires, M., Thomson, J., Yohay, R., Burt, K., Ellison, J., Hanson, G., Malberti, M., Olmedo, M., Cerati, G., Sharma, V., Vartak, A., Yagil, A., Della Porta, G. Zevi, Dutta, V., Gouskos, L., Incandela, J., Kyre, S., McColl, N., Mullin, S., White, D., Cumalat, J. P., Ford, W. T., Gaz, A., Krohn, M., Stenson, K., Wagner, S. R., Baldin, B., Bolla, G., Burkett, K., Butler, J., Cheung, H., Chramowicz, J., Christian, D., Cooper, W. E., Deptuch, G., Derylo, G., Gingu, C., Gruenendahl, S., Hasegawa, S., Hoff, J., Howell, J., Hrycyk, M., Jindariani, S., Johnson, M., Jung, A., Joshi, U., Kahlid, F., Lei, C. M., Lipton, R., Liu, T., Los, S., Matulik, M., Merkel, P., Nahn, S., Prosser, A., Rivera, R., Shenai, A., Spiegel, L., Tran, N., Uplegger, L., Voirin, E., Yin, H., Adams, M. R., Berry, D. R., Evdokimov, A., Evdokimov, O., Gerber, C. E., Hofman, D. J., Kapustka, B. K., O'Brien, C., Gonzalez, D. I. Sandoval, Trauger, H., Turner, P., Parashar, N., Stupak, J., Bortoletto, D., Bubna, M., Hinton, N., Jones, M., Miller, D. H., Shi, X., Tan, P., Baringer, P., Bean, A., Benelli, G., Gray, J., Majumder, D., Noonan, D., Sanders, S., Stringer, R., Ivanov, A., Makouski, M., Skhirtladze, N., Taylor, R., Anderson, I., Fehling, D., Gritsan, A., Maksimovic, P., Martin, C., Nash, K., Osherson, M., Swartz, M., Xiao, M., Acosta, J. G., Cremaldi, L. M., Oliveros, S., Perera, L., Summers, D., Bloom, K., Bose, S., Claes, D. R., Dominguez, A., Fangmeier, C., Suarez, R. Gonzalez, Meier, F., Monroy, J., Hahn, K., Sevova, S., Sung, K., Trovato, M., Bartz, E., Duggan, D., Halkiadakis, E., Lath, A., Park, M., Schnetzer, S., Stone, R., Walker, M., Malik, S., Mendez, H., Vargas, J. E. Ramirez, Alyari, M., Dolen, J., George, J., Godshalk, A., Iashvili, I., Kaisen, J., Kharchilava, A., Rappoccio, S., Alexander, J., Chaves, J., Chu, J., Dittmer, S., Kaufman, G., Mirman, N., Ryd, A., Salvati, E., Skinnari, L., Thom, J., Thompson, J., Tucker, J., Winstrom, L., Akgün, B., Ecklund, K. M., Nussbaum, T., Zabel, J., Betchart, B., Demina, R., Hindrichs, O., Petrillo, G., Eusebi, R., Osipenkov, I., Perloff, A., Ulmer, K. A., Delannoy, A. G., D'Angelo, P., and Johns, W.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The degradation of signal in silicon sensors is studied under conditions expected at the CERN High-Luminosity LHC. 200 $\mu$m thick n-type silicon sensors are irradiated with protons of different energies to fluences of up to $3 \cdot 10^{15}$ neq/cm$^2$. Pulsed red laser light with a wavelength of 672 nm is used to generate electron-hole pairs in the sensors. The induced signals are used to determine the charge collection efficiencies separately for electrons and holes drifting through the sensor. The effective trapping rates are extracted by comparing the results to simulation. The electric field is simulated using Synopsys device simulation assuming two effective defects. The generation and drift of charge carriers are simulated in an independent simulation based on PixelAV. The effective trapping rates are determined from the measured charge collection efficiencies and the simulated and measured time-resolved current pulses are compared. The effective trapping rates determined for both electrons and holes are about 50% smaller than those obtained using standard extrapolations of studies at low fluences and suggests an improved tracker performance over initial expectations.

Published
2015
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33. Analytic representations with Theta functions for systems on Z(d) and on S

Author

Evangelides, P., Lei, C., and Vourdas, A.

Subjects
Mathematical Physics
Abstract

An analytic representation with Theta functions on a torus, for systems with variables in Z(d), is considered. Another analytic representation with Theta functions on a strip, for systems with positions in a circle S and momenta in Z, is also considered. The reproducing kernel formalism for these two systems is studied. Wigner and Weyl functions in this language, are also studied

Published
2015

34. Interpolation between phase space quantities with bifractional displacement operators

Author

Agyo, S., Lei, C., and Vourdas, A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Bifractional displacement operators, are introduced by performing two fractional Fourier transforms on displacement operators. They are shown to be special cases of elements of the group G, that contains both displacements and squeezing transformations. Acting with them on the vacuum we get various classes of coherent states, which we call bifractional coherent states. They are special classes of squeezed states which can be used for interpolation between various quantities in phase space methods. Using them we introduce bifractional Wigner functions A(?, ?; ??, ??), which are a two-dimensional continuum of functions, and reduce to Wigner and Weyl functions in special cases. We also introduce bifractional Q-functions, and bifractional P-functions. The physical meaning of these quantities is discussed.

Published
2014

36. Expression of regulatory T cells in driver-gene-negative advanced non-small cell lung cancer as well as its effect on the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Author

Chen, Y., Chen, S., Li, Y., Guo, X., Liang, Q., Yang, L., and Lei, C.

Subjects
REGULATORY T cells, NON-small-cell lung carcinoma, IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors, TUMOR markers, TREATMENT effectiveness, PROGNOSIS
Abstract

Background: The To measure regulatory T cells (Tregs) expression in driver-genenegative advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as its effect on the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer without driving genes who were receiving treatment with a monoclonal antibody targeting the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) made up the study group. 30 healthy subjects in the same period were chosen into the control group. Flow cytometry was used to identify CD4highCD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in peripheral blood of all participants. Relation between CD4highCD25+Foxp3+Treg cells and tumor markers were explored, and efficacy and prognosis in patients before and after therapy was analyzed. Results: The fraction of CD4highCD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in the study group was higher (P<0.05). Following three rounds of PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment, patients' CD4highCD25+Foxp3+Treg cells proportion was lower than before treatment (P<0.01), and showed a positive correlation with tumor markers (P<0.05). The fraction of CD4highCD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in the CR+PR group decreased in both the second and third cycles after treatment compared to the SD+PD group (P<0.01), but no change was found before or during the first cycle (P>0.05). CD4highCD25+Foxp3+Treg cells proportion in the death group presented higher relative to the survival group (P<0.05). CD4highCD25+Foxp3+Treg cells predicted the area under the ROC curve was 0.8134, with significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: CD4highCD25+Foxp3+Treg cells proportion in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients shows increased, and has predictive value for therapeutic efficacy of ICIs and prognosis of driver-gene-negative advanced NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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37. The Psychological Impact and Associated Factors of COVID-19 on the General Public in Hunan, China

Author

Shi C, Guo Z, Luo C, Lei C, and Li P

Subjects
coping style, coronavirus disease 2019, disease awareness, psychological health, public health emergency, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Chunhong Shi,1 Zhihua Guo,2 Chan Luo,3 Changbin Lei,4 Pan Li1 1School of Nursing, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, People’s Republic of China; 2Nursing Department, Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha 410100, People’s Republic of China; 3Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People’s Republic of China; 4Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Changbin LeiClinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, No. 25 Renmin West Road, Beihu District, Chenzhou, 423000 Hunan, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13762563779Fax +86-735-2223633Email leichangbin@xnu.edu.cnPan LiSchool of Nursing, Xiangnan University, 889 Chenzhou Avenue, Suxian District, Chenzhou, 423000 Hunan, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 17773560292Fax +86-735-2325007Email lipan1020@xnu.edu.cnPurpose: This study aimed to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among the general public in Hunan Province, China, which could help develop psychological interventions and mental health programs.Participants and Methods: This online cross-sectional study recruited 571 participants through snowball sampling between February 2 and February 5, 2020. Data were collected through a general information questionnaire, the Public Emergency Psychological State Questionnaire, the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Public Disease Awareness on COVID-19 Scale.Results: The total mean score of the public emergency psychological state of the sample was 0.27 (0.31) points, with only 5.78% of participants (n = 33) developing psychological distress. Avoidant coping style and disease awareness were weakly positively correlated (rs = 0.257, p < 0.01) and weakly negatively correlated (rs = − 0.124, p < 0.01) with psychological responses, respectively. There were significant psychological differences among the following variables: occupation, symptoms of fever or fatigue, discernment of the authenticity of COVID-19 information, and level of concern regarding COVID-19 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have had a minor psychological impact on the general population in Hunan Province. However, psychological health promotion in the general public is still required, especially for employees (such as company employees, migrant workers, and businessmen), individuals with COVID-19-like symptoms, limited discernment competence and unconcerned attitudes.Implications: The initiatives for improving psychological health among the general public could focus on delivering COVID-19 knowledge and alleviating avoidant coping styles. Our findings could provide important insight for the development of psychological support strategies in China, as well as in other places affected by the epidemic.Keywords: coping style, coronavirus disease 2019, disease awareness, psychological health, public health emergency

Published
2020

38. Management of Challenging Cardiopulmonary Bypass Separation

Author

Monaco, Fabrizio, Di Prima, Ambra Licia, Kim, Jun Hyun, Plamondon, Marie-Jo, Yavorovskiy, Andrey, Likhvantsev, Valery, Lomivorotov, Vladimir, Hajjar, Ludhmila Abrahão, Landoni, Giovanni, Riha, H., Farag, A.M.G.A., Gazivoda, G., Silva, F.S., Lei, C., Bradic, N., El-Tahan, M.R., Bukamal, N.A.R., Sun, L., and Wang, C.Y.

Published
2020
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39. Observation and interpretation of motional sideband asymmetry in a quantum electro-mechanical device

Author

Weinstein, A. J., Lei, C. U., Wollman, E. E., Suh, J., Metelmann, A., Clerk, A. A., and Schwab, K. C.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Quantum electro-mechanical systems offer a unique opportunity to probe quantum noise properties in macroscopic devices, properties which ultimately stem from the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. A simple example of this is expected to occur in a microwave parametric transducer, where mechanical motion generates motional sidebands corresponding to the up and down frequency-conversion of microwave photons. Due to quantum vacuum noise, the rates of these processes are expected to be unequal. We measure this fundamental imbalance in a microwave transducer coupled to a radio-frequency mechanical mode, cooled near the ground state of motion. We also discuss the subtle origin of this imbalance: depending on the measurement scheme, the imbalance is most naturally attributed to the quantum fluctuations of either the mechanical mode or of the electromagnetic field.

Published
2014
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40. Testbeam and Laboratory Characterization of CMS 3D Pixel Sensors

Author

Bubna, M., Alagoz, E., Krzywda, A., Koybasi, O., Arndt, K., Bortoletto, D., Shipsey, I., Bolla, G., Kok, A., Hansen, T. -E., Hansen, T. A., Jensen, G. U., Brom, J. M., Boscardin, M., Chramowicz, J., Cumalat, J., Betta, G. F. Dalla, Dinardo, M., Godshalk, A., Jones, M., Krohn, M. D., Kumar, A., Lei, C. M., Moroni, L., Perera, L., Povoli, M., Prosser, A., Rivera, R., Solano, A., Obertino, M. M., Kwan, S., Uplegger, L., Via, C. D., Vigani, L., and Wagner, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The pixel detector is the innermost tracking device in CMS, reconstructing interaction vertices and charged particle trajectories. The sensors located in the innermost layers of the pixel detector must be upgraded for the ten-fold increase in luminosity expected with the High- Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase. As a possible replacement for planar sensors, 3D silicon technology is under consideration due to its good performance after high radiation fluence. In this paper, we report on pre- and post- irradiation measurements for CMS 3D pixel sensors with different electrode configurations. The effects of irradiation on electrical properties, charge collection efficiency, and position resolution of 3D sensors are discussed. Measurements of various test structures for monitoring the fabrication process and studying the bulk and surface properties, such as MOS capacitors, planar and gate-controlled diodes are also presented., Comment: 14 pages

Published
2014
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41. Mechanically Detecting and Avoiding the Quantum Fluctuations of a Microwave Field

Author

Suh, J., Weinstein, A. J., Lei, C. U., Wollman, E. E., Steinke, S. K., Meystre, P., Clerk, A. A., and Schwab, K. C.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

During the theoretical investigation of the ultimate sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors through the 1970's and '80's, it was debated whether quantum fluctuations of the light field used for detection, also known as photon shot noise, would ultimately produce a force noise which would disturb the detector and limit the sensitivity. Carlton Caves famously answered this question with "They do." With this understanding came ideas how to avoid this limitation by giving up complete knowledge of the detector's motion. In these back-action evading (BAE) or quantum non-demolition (QND) schemes, one manipulates the required quantum measurement back-action by placing it into a component of the motion which is unobserved and dynamically isolated. Using a superconducting, electro-mechanical device, we realize a sensitive measurement of a single motional quadrature with imprecision below the zero-point fluctuations of motion, detect both the classical and quantum measurement back-action, and demonstrate BAE avoiding the quantum back-action from the microwave photons by 9 dB. Further improvements of these techniques are expected to provide a practical route to manipulate and prepare a squeezed state of motion with mechanical fluctuations below the quantum zero-point level, which is of interest both fundamentally and for the detection of very weak forces.

Published
2013
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42. INFLUENCE OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON GRAIN STRUCTURE OF ROUND BILLET IN VERTICAL CONTINUOUS CASTING.

Author

ZHANG, L. W., LEI, C., LIU, N. N., WANG, J. P., and XU, C. J.

Subjects
*CONTINUOUS casting, *CONTINUOUS processing, *STRESS concentration, *RESTAURANTS, *GRAIN, *STEEL
Abstract

The Zhong Yuan Special Steel (ZYSS) installed a vertical caster for the production of special steel. This vertical caster differs from the vertically curved caster, exhibiting unique inclusion behavior, stress distribution, and solidification process. Based on ZYSS's continuous casting process parameters and CAFE nucleation parameters, the chip-moving boundary method was adopted to conduct a numerical simulation of the round billet. The superheat and cooling intensity are key process parameters of continuous casting. A gradual coarsening of the macrostructure can be observed with an increase in the superheat of the liquid steel. When the superheat increases from 30°C to 50°C, the center equiaxed crystal region decreases from 63,56 % to 42,25 %. A lower cooling intensity is beneficial for improving equiaxed crystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

43. Effect of Chitosan Magnetic Nanoparticles Loaded with Ang2-siRNA Plasmids on the Growth of Melanoma Xenografts in Nude Mice

Author

Shan X, Yu W, Ni X, Xu T, Lei C, Liu Z, Hu X, Zhang Y, Cai B, and Wang B

Subjects
angiopoietin-2, small interfering rna, malignant melanoma, chitosan magnetic nanoparticles, apoptosis, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Xiuying Shan,1,* Wenjun Yu,1,* Xuejun Ni,1,* Tingting Xu,1 Chen Lei,1 Zhaoliang Liu,1 Xuefeng Hu,2 Yanding Zhang,2 Beichen Cai,1 Biao Wang1 1Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Biao Wang Email wangbiao@fjmu.edu.cnPurpose: Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) has been proven to be a potential agent for malignant cancer treatment. The aim of the current study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of chitosan magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs) loaded with Ang-2 small interfering RNA (Ang2-siRNA) plasmids (Ang2-CMNPs) on malignant melanoma.Materials and Methods: Melanoma-bearing nude mice were treated with Ang2-CMNPs and control CMNPs. Tumor volumes in each group were recorded. Real-time fluorescence quantitative-PCR was used to measure the relative Ang-2gene expression. Angiogenesis and Ang-2 expression in tumors were measured by immunohistochemistry. Cell apoptosis in each group was measured by TUNEL staining, and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results: The progression of melanoma was significantly inhibited by Ang2-CMNP treatment. Ang2-CMNP treatment efficiently inhibited tumor growth and in-situ Ang-2 expression compared with those of the control group. Furthermore, Ang2-CMNP treatment significantly inhibited tumor angiogenesis and promoted cell apoptosis by regulating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and increasing cleaved caspase-3 expression in vivo.Conclusion: In summary, Ang2-CMNP treatment increased the regression of normal-appearing vessels in the tumor microenvironment and induced the melanoma cells apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, suggesting the potential clinical use of Ang2-CMNPs in malignant melanoma treatment.Keywords: angiopoietin-2, small interfering RNA, malignant melanoma, chitosan magnetic nanoparticles, apoptosis

Published
2020

44. A Peptide-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoplatform-Loaded Melatonin for Targeted Amelioration of Fibrosis in Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy

Author

Zhao X, Wang X, Wang J, Yuan J, Zhang J, Zhu X, Lei C, Yang Q, Wang B, Cao F, and Liu L

Subjects
magnetic targeting, cardiac homing peptide, cardiac hypertrophy, melatonin, myocardial fibrosis., Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Xueli Zhao,1 Xuanying Wang,1 Jing Wang,1 Jiani Yuan,1 Juan Zhang,1 Xiaoli Zhu,1 Changhui Lei,1 Qianli Yang,1 Bo Wang,1 Feng Cao,2 Liwen Liu1 1Department of Ultrasound of Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Liwen Liu Email liuliwen@fmmu.edu.cnIntroduction: Currently, the unsatisfactory treatment of cardiac hypertrophy is due to the unbridled myocardial fibrosis. Melatonin has been demonstrated to ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy and its accompanied fibrosis in previous studies. But it is not clinically appealing due to its short-lasting time against the hostile microenvironment when administered orally.Methods: Herein, to address this, poly (lactide) polycarboxybetaine (PLGA-COOH) accompanied by cardiac homing peptide (CHP) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were used to establish a novel drug delivery and transportation strategy for melatonin via a facile two-step emulsion method. This study characterized these nanoparticles (CHP-mel@SPIONs) and tested their delivery to the hypertrophied heart and their effect on myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in an animal model of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy.Results: The engineered magnetic nanoparticles of CHP-mel@SPIONs were spherical (diameter = 221 ± 13 nm) and had a negative zeta potential of − 19.18 ± 3.27 mV. The CHP-mel@SPIONs displayed excellent drug encapsulation capacities of SPIONs (75.27 ± 3.1%) and melatonin (77.69 ± 6.04%) separately, and their magnetic properties were characterized by constructing magnetic hysteresis curves and exhibited no remnant magnetization or coercivity. The animal experiments showed that compared with mel@SPIONs, CHP-mel@SPIONs accumulated more in the heart, especially in the presence of an external magnetic field, with in vivo echocardiography and RT-PCR and histological assessments confirming the amelioration of the myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis with low drug doses.Conclusion: This simple biocompatible dual-targeting nanoagent may be a potential candidate for the guided clinical therapy of heart disease.Keywords: magnetic targeting, cardiac homing peptide, cardiac hypertrophy, melatonin, myocardial fibrosis

Published
2020

45. Preparation and SPECT/CT Imaging of 177Lu-Labeled Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Targeting CITED1: Therapeutic Evaluation in Tumor-Bearing Nude Mice

Author

Li J, Zhang L, Li W, Lei C, Cao Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, and Pang H

Subjects
antisense therapy, spect/ct imaging, papillary thyroid carcinoma, diagnosis and treatment integration., Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Jia Li, Lei Zhang, Wenbo Li, Chengming Lei, Yiyi Cao, Ying Wang, Zhengjie Wang, Hua Pang Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hua Pang; Zhengjie WangDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8615923039337; +8618581493311Email phua1973@163.com; bkzg1234@163.comPurpose: The expression of Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 1 (CITED1) is upregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and mediates cell proliferation and migration. To facilitate early diagnosis and monitoring of recurrent or metastatic PTC, we designed 177Lu-labeled antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) targeting CITED1 mRNA to evaluate the therapeutic potential, while analyzing its distribution in nude mice and the characteristics withsingle-photon emission-computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging.Materials and Methods: 177Lu-DOTA-anti-CITED1-PNA ( 177Lu-asPNA) was obtained by indirect labeling. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were used to determine the labeling rate and radiochemical purity. The stability of 177Lu-asPNA was evaluated by TLC, and the radioactivity count was measured by a γ counter to calculate its uptake capacity in K1 cells. To analyze the distribution of 177Lu-asPNA in body tissues and organs of nude mice, static single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and SPECT/CT image fusion were performed. Then, the therapeutic effects of probes were explored by tumor growth curves and survival analysis.Results: Our probe showed a radiochemical purity of 96.5± 0.15% at 1 hr and specific activity of 8.7± 0.53 MBq/μg. The uptake rate in the 177Lu-asPNA group was much higher than that in the 177Lu-DOTA-nonsense-PNA ( 177Lu-nonsense-PNA) and 177Lu-DOTA groups (P< 0.05). The biological distribution showed that the tumor/muscle ratio was at its highest at 24 h (4.98± 0.34) post-inoculation, with SPECT/CT imaging showing clear tumor development. By measuring tumor volume of tumor-bearing nude mice, the 177Lu-asPNA group showed a significant difference in tumor size 9 days after injection (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the overall survival rate in the 177Lu-asPNA group was significantly different from those in the DOTA-anti-CITED1-PNA (asPNA) and saline groups (P = 0.002, log-rank test).Conclusion: 177Lu-asPNA was developed successfully, showing a high labeling rate and good stability. SPECT/CT imaging demonstrated tumor growth in nude mice, which was effectively inhibited by our probe, thus prolonging survival.Keywords: antisense therapy, SPECT/CT imaging, papillary thyroid carcinoma, diagnosis and treatment integration

Published
2020

46. Chapter Formability and Performance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys with Different Initial Tempers in Creep Aging Process

Author

Li, Heng, Yang, He, and Lei, C.

Subjects
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, creep age forming, initial temper, precipitate, formability, mechanical property, corrosion resistance, bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TD Industrial chemistry & manufacturing technologies::TDM Metals technology / metallurgy
Abstract

The initial temper may directly affect the deformation behavior and material performance in creep age forming (CAF) process. Five heat treatment states are selected as the initial tempers for CAF, namely, solution, peak-aging (T6), over-aging (T73), retrogression and re-solution. The formability and performance of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with the above initial tempers in creep aging process are investigated via using creep and stress relaxation aging tests, mechanical property tests, corrosion resistance tests and microstructure analysis. The differences of formability are attributed to the inhibitions of different distributed matrix precipitates (MPts) on the dislocation movement, namely, the more coarsening the MPts is, the easier the dislocation movement. During creep aging process, the mechanical properties are improved for the solution, retrogression and re-solution tempers with fine MPts, but reduced for the T6 and T73 tempers due to coarsening of MPts. Since the distribution of grain boundary precipitates (GBPs) becomes discontinuous, the corrosion resistances of the creep aged specimens are enhanced for all initial tempers. Taking both mechanical properties and corrosion resistances into account, the re-solution temper may be a preferable choice to achieve high performance of the components beyond the precise shape in CAF.

Published
2017
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49. ENRICHMENT, RISK ASSESSMENT AND SOURCE IDENTIFICATION OF METAL LEAD IN CHANGHU RESERVOIR SEDIMENTS OF SOUTH CHINA.

Author

LI, R., ZHANG, S. Q., LONG, L. S., LEI, C., FU, Z. P., and MO, Y. D.

Subjects
ECOLOGICAL risk assessment, LEAD, HEAVY metal toxicology, SEDIMENTS, RISK assessment, WATER pollution, HEAVY metals
Abstract

Evaluating the ecological risks of metals and identifying their sources is useful for preventing and controlling heavy metal pollution in water bodies. Four sediment cores (S1~-S4) were collected from the Changhu Reservoir of South China to determine lead (Pb) concentrations and geochemical fractions, as well as the isotopic compositions of core S1. The results show that Pb concentrations increased from the upstream site (S1:173.2 mg kg-1) to the downstream site (S4:313.5 mg kg-1), resulting in a moderate to significant enrichment in the sediments. Sediment Pb in the geochemical fractions followed a decreasing order of residual (F4:54.7%) > reducible (F2: 23.1%) > oxidizable (F3: 16.6%) > acid-soluble fraction (F1: 5.8%). The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and risk assessment code (RAC) showed that sediments were moderately polluted by Pb in S1 and S2 core, while sediments were moderately to heavily polluted in S3 and S4 core. The ecological risk of Pb in all sediment samples is generally at a low risk level, except for the sediments at a depth of 30-40 cm in the S4 core. Significant correlation between Pb concentration and 206Pb/207Pb ratios suggested possible binary mixing of Pb. In the present study, mining activities, which was the major anthropogenic Pb source base on its isotopic composition, contributed significantly (means: 45.3-77.5%) to sediment Pb. The anthropogenic Pb in sediments is most likely to come from Sphalerite and Galena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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