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139 results on '"Leifsson, Pall S."'

4. Element concentrations, histology and serum biochemistry of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) in northwest Greenland

Author

Nørregaard, Rasmus Dyrmose, primary, Bach, Lis, additional, Geertz-Hansen, Ole, additional, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, additional, Nowak, Barbara, additional, Jantawongsri, Khattapan, additional, Dang, Mai, additional, Søndergaard, Jens, additional, Leifsson, Pall S., additional, Jenssen, Bjørn M., additional, Ciesielski, Tomasz M., additional, Arukwe, Augustine, additional, and Sonne, Christian, additional

Published
2022
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12. Histology of Sculpin spp. in East Greenland. II. Histopathology and trace element concentrations

Author

Kaarsholm, Henrik M., primary, Verland, Ninna, additional, Nørregaard, Rasmus D., additional, Bach, Lis, additional, Søndergaard, Jens, additional, Rigét, Frank F., additional, Dietz, Rune, additional, Hansen, Martin, additional, Eulaers, Igor, additional, Desforges, Jean-Pierre, additional, Leifsson, Pall S., additional, Dang, Mai, additional, Nowak, Barbara, additional, and Sonne, Christian, additional

Published
2018
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13. Are liver and renal lesions in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus) associated with high mercury levels?

Author

Born Erik W, Kirkegaard Maja, Asmund Gert, Leifsson Pall S, Dietz Rune, and Sonne Christian

Subjects
Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene, RC963-969, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background In the Arctic, polar bears (Ursus maritimus) bio-accumulate mercury as they prey on polluted ringed seals (Phoca hispida) and bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus). Studies have shown that polar bears from East Greenland are among the most mercury polluted species in the Arctic. It is unknown whether these levels are toxic to liver and kidney tissue. Methods We investigated the histopathological impact from anthropogenic long-range transported mercury on East Greenland polar bear liver (n = 59) and kidney (n = 57) tissues. Results Liver mercury levels ranged from 1.1–35.6 μg/g wet weight and renal levels ranged from 1–50 μg/g wet weight, of which 2 liver values and 9 kidney values were above known toxic threshold level of 30 μg/g wet weight in terrestrial mammals. Evaluated from age-correcting ANCOVA analyses, liver mercury levels were significantly higher in individuals with visible Ito cells (p < 0.02) and a similar trend was found for lipid granulomas (p = 0.07). Liver mercury levels were significantly lower in individuals with portal bile duct proliferation/fibrosis (p = 0.007) and a similar trend was found for proximal convoluted tubular hyalinisation in renal tissue (p = 0.07). Conclusion Based on these relationships and the nature of the chronic inflammation we conclude that the lesions were likely a result of recurrent infections and ageing but that long-term exposure to mercury could not be excluded as a co-factor. The information is important as it is likely that tropospheric mercury depletion events will continue to increase the concentrations of this toxic heavy metal in the Sub Arctic and Arctic marine food webs.

Published
2007
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14. Local infusion of Staphylococcus aureus into the porcine internal carotid artery as a model of sepsis-related brain abscesses - A pilot study

Author

Astrup, Lærke B, Iburg, Tine M, Agerholm, Jørgen S, Aalbæk, Bent, Nielsen, Ole L, and Leifsson, Pall S

Abstract

Brain pathology is an important aspect of human sepsis but is difficult to study in human patients. Therefore, animal models of sepsis-related brain pathology are needed. As pigs mirror multiple aspects of sepsis-related brain pathology in humans, this makes the pig a potentially suitable model. Unfortunately, models of sepsis in pigs are difficult to manage due to the accompanying massive systemic inflammatory response. To overcome these difficulties we designed a model in pigs of brain bacteremia established by local brain infusion in order to evaluate if this approach could reduce the systemic responses but still reflect the brain pathology of sepsis in humans. As a pilot study to obtain basic knowledge, we evaluated two methods of local infusion: long term infusion (60 minutes) of Staphylococcus aureus suspended in saline and, short-term infusion (10 minutes) of S. aureus embedded in autologous microthrombi. The study revealed: 1) bacteria suspended in saline as well as embedded in microthrombi can pass through the rete mirabile and thereby cause local brain bacteremia; 2) despite the high dose of S. aureus used for infusion, only mild clinical signs developed; and 3) despite the mild clinical signs, one pig had developed a brain microabscess by 48 h after infusion. The brain pathology present in this pig thereby reflected human cases of S. aureus-sepsis with microabscess formation as the predominant lesion. In addition, the abscess morphology mirrored previously observed microabscesses in experimental porcine S. aureus sepsis models., Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 43 (2017)

Published
2017

18. Refinement of a hematogenous localized osteomyelitis model in pigs

Author

Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup, Karin Michaelsen Nielsen, Henrik Carl Schønheyder, Svend Borup Jensen, Pia Afzelius, Leifsson, Pall S., and Ole Lehberg Nielsen

Abstract

We have previously developed a model of localized osteomyelitis by injecting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) unilaterally into the femoral artery of juvenile domestic pigs (Johansen et al., 2012; Nielsen et al., 2015). We used this model for the evaluation of bone-infection tracers applicable for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (Nielsen et al., 2015). However, several of the 40 kg pigs were euthanized prior to PET and SPECT scanning due to lameness, shallow respiration, fever and anorexia; the last three clinical signs indicating dissemination of S. aureus to the lungs and other internal organs. We therefore decided to refine our model in order to improve the success rate. We speculated that younger pigs might respond differently to inoculations. A total of ten female domestic pigs were included in our study, three with a body weight of 40 kg (± 1 kg) and seven with a body weight of 20 kg (± 1 kg). The pigs were born in a SPF facility and were raised in the same herd. Pigs were scored daily for pain, including lameness. From the onset of the first clinical signs we treated seven of the pigs (one 40 kg and six 20 kg) with procaine benzylpenicillin to which the bacterial strain was susceptible. Further treatment (analgesia by buprenorphine) or euthanasia depended on disease severity and took place due to fever and shallow respiration in the 40 kg pig-group and due to lameness and pain in hind limbs in the 20 kg pig-group. After two weeks, the remaining pigs were euthanized; necropsy was performed on all ten pigs. One of the 40 kg and five of the 20 kg pigs were euthanized before day 14. The necropsy results showed osteomyelitis caused by S. aureus in six of the seven 20 kg pigs and additionally arthritis caused by S. aureus in three of the 20 kg pigs, whereas none of the 40 kg pigs had developed osteomyelitis or arthritis. Spreading of S. aureus to the lungs was seen in two of three 40 kg pigs but only in two of seven 20 kg pigs. As most of the 20 kg pigs were given penicillin, we cannot know whether the favorable results in the 20 kg pig-group were purely related to their body weight and younger age, or whether the pattern of infection also was modified by penicillin treatment. However, we are convinced that the health status and success rate can be improved by using 20 kg pigs treated with penicillin.

Published
2016

30. Two decades of biomonitoring polar bear health in Greenland: a review

Author

Sonne, Christian, primary, Letcher, Robert J, additional, Bechshøft, Thea Ø, additional, Rigét, Frank F, additional, Muir, Derek C G, additional, Leifsson, Pall S, additional, Born, Erik W, additional, Hyldstrup, Lars, additional, Basu, Niladri, additional, Kirkegaard, Maja, additional, and Dietz, Rune, additional

Published
2012
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46. Tissue healing in two harbor porpoises ( Phocoena phocoena) following long-term satellite transmitter attachment.

Author

Sonne, Christian, Teilmann, Jonas, Wright, Andrew J., Dietz, Rune, and Leifsson, Pall S.

Subjects
HARBOR porpoise, ANIMAL tagging, FISH behavior, CETACEA, ANIMAL research
Abstract

The article focuses on tissue healing in two harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) after long-term satellite transmitter attachment. It mentions that the effect of satellite transmitters attachment on the respective dorsal fin of harbor porpoises were documented and evaluated. It states that attachment and streamlined tag design allow for healing of the dorsal fin penetrations, and further studies on long-term tagging on cetaceans are needed to develop tag design that avoid pin migration.

Published
2012
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47. Typing of Pasteurella multocidafrom haemorrhagic septicaemia in Danish fallow deer (Dama dama)

Author

Aalbæk, Bent, Eriksen, Lis, Rimler, Richard B., Leifsson, Pall S., Basse, Axel, Christiansen, Torben, and Eriksen, Erik

Abstract

Isolates of Pasteurella multocidassp. multocida(n = 31) from a Danish population of fallow deer which succumbed to haemorrhagic septicaemia during 1992–1993 and isolates from the palatine tonsils of apparently healthy fallow deer from the same area (n=6) were typed and compared with P. multocidafrom other sources. Plasmids were not observed in the fallow deer strains and one unique pattern was observed by ribotyping using HindIIIand by pulsed‐field gel eletrophoresis using SalIas restriction endonuclease. All Danish fallow deer isolates belonged to serotype B:3,4. On restriction endonuclease analysis using HhaIas restriction endonuclease, all had a profile identical to that of a fallow deer isolate from the United Kingdom: profile 0033 of Wilson et al. On restriction endonuclease analysis using HpaIIas restriction endonuclease, the Danish fallow deer isolates had a unique profile, designated 0062, which differed slightly from that of a fallow deer isolate from the United Kingdom. P. multocidafrom other animal species were genotypically different from the fallow deer isolates. It is concluded that a specific clone of P. multocidawas responsible for the outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia among Danish fallow deer. A carrier rate of 27% was demonstrated among apparently normal animals from the same population.

Published
1999
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