14 results on '"Lejal, Emilie"'
Search Results
2. The scale affects our view on the identification and distribution of microbial communities in ticks
- Author
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Pollet, Thomas, Sprong, Hein, Lejal, Emilie, Krawczyk, Aleksandra I., Moutailler, Sara, Cosson, Jean-Francois, Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel, and Estrada-Peña, Agustín
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A three-years assessment of Ixodes ricinus-borne pathogens in a French peri-urban forest
- Author
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Lejal, Emilie, Marsot, Maud, Chalvet-Monfray, Karine, Cosson, Jean-François, Moutailler, Sara, Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel, and Pollet, Thomas
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Tick-borne pathogen detection in midgut and salivary glands of adult Ixodes ricinus
- Author
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Lejal, Emilie, Moutailler, Sara, Šimo, Ladislav, Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel, and Pollet, Thomas
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Taxon appearance from extraction and amplification steps demonstrates the value of multiple controls in tick microbiome analysis
- Author
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Lejal, Emilie, Estrada-Peña, Agustin, Marsot, Maud, Cosson, Jean-Francois, Rué, Olivier, Mariadassou, Mahendra, Midoux, Cedric, Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel, Pollet, Thomas, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement [Jouy-En-Josas] (MaIAGE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Procédés biotechnologiques au service de l'environnement (UR PROSE), Département Santé Animale (DEPT SA), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work was supported by the Metaprogramme 'Metaomics and Microbial Ecosystems' (MEM) and the Metaprogramme 'Adaptation of Agriculture and Forests to Climate Change' (ACCAF) granted by the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (France), and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé
- Subjects
High-throughput sequencing ,Low biomass sample ,Microbiota ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Contaminant ,[MATH]Mathematics [math] ,Tick - Abstract
International audience; The developmentof high throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies has substantially improvedanalysis of bacterial community diversity, composition,and functions. Over the last decade, HTS has been used extensively to identify the diversity and composition of tick microbial communities. However, a growing number of studies are warning about the impact of contamination brought along the different steps of the analytical process, from DNA extraction to amplification. In low biomass samples, e.g. individual tick samples, these contaminants may represent a large part of the obtained sequences,and thus generate considerable errors in downstream analyses and in the interpretation of results. Most studies of tick microbiota either do not mention the inclusion of controls during the DNA extraction or amplification steps, or consider the lack of an electrophoresis signal as an absence of contamination. In this context, we aimed to assess theproportion of contaminantsequences resulting from thesesteps. We analyzed the microbiota of individual Ixodesricinusticksbyincluding several categories of controls throughout the analytical process:crushing, DNA extraction,and DNA amplification Results Controls yielded a significant number of sequences (1,126 to 13,198 mean sequences,depending onthe control category). Some operational taxonomic units (OTUs)detected in these controls belong to genera reported in previous tick microbiota studies. Inthis study, these OTUs accounted for 50.9% of the total number of sequences inour samples, and wereconsidered contaminants. Contamination levels (i.e. the percentage of sequences belonging to OTUs identified as contaminants) variedwith tick stage and gender: 76.3% of nymphs and 75% of males demonstrated contamination over 50%, while most females (65.7%) had rateslower than 20%. Contamination mainly correspondedto OTUs detected in crushing and DNA extraction controls, highlighting the importance of carefully controlling these steps. -Conclusion Here,we showed that contaminant OTUs from extraction and amplification stepscan represent more than half the total sequence yield in sequencing runs,and lead to unreliable results when characterizing tick microbial communities.We thus strongly advise the routine use of blanks and negative controls in tick microbiota studies, and more generally in studies involving low biomass.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. La dynamique du Pathobiome des tiques, l’exemple d’Ixodes ricinus
- Author
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Lejal, Emilie, STAR, ABES, Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires et Fongiques, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris-Est, and Muriel Vayssier-Taussat
- Subjects
Dynamique ,Microbiote ,Pathobiome ,[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Microbiota ,Ixodes ricinus ,Organ scale ,Organes ,Temporal scale ,Échelle temporelle ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
In Europe, ticks are the primary vectors of pathogens for both humans and animals, and thus represent a serious issue in terms of public and veterinary health. Ixodes ricinus, the predominant tick species in Western Europe, is known to transmit the largest variety of pathogens, including Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., the Lyme disease agent. In addition to pathogens, ticks also carry a multitude of other microorganisms, which can influence the acquisition and / or transmission of pathogens, and thus affect the tick vector competence. This information led to take into account the concept of pathobiome, which aims to consider the pathogen in its biotic environment, including other microorganisms hosted by ticks. Moreover, these microbial communities constitute dynamic systems whose composition and diversity are likely to vary at different scales. On one hand at the scale of the tick, according to the tick species, the individual, the stage, or organs, and on the other hand at the temporal or spatial scale. In this context, the understanding of the different factors that can influence the vector competence of ticks, requires to consider first the notion of pathobiome, but also, the scale concept and the dynamic aspect of this system. In this context, my research project aimed to characterize the dynamics of the I. ricinus pathobiome. For this purpose, two scales were considered: the temporal scale and the tick organs. The first part of my thesis consisted to identify the dynamics of pathogens, on one hand, in ticks collected monthly for three consecutive years, and on the other hand, in two key organs: the digestive tract and salivary glands. We used a high-throughput screening technique, the microfluidic PCR. At the organ scale, the results led us to put into perspective previous postulates regarding the transmission mechanisms of certain pathogens, and more particularly the Borrelia. At the temporal scale, we characterized the dynamics of several pathogenic species belonging to the genera, Borrelia, Anaplasma, Rickettsia and Babesia, well known to circulate in I. ricinus ticks in the studied area. We also highlighted significant differences in prevalence for several of these pathogens depending on the season or years. Then, the microbiota of ticks collected for the temporal study was characterized by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S RNA gene. We also tried to identify potential interactions between the different members of these microbial communities using network analysis. After an in depth methodological development to remove potential contaminations, we showed that tick microbiota is highly dominated by several bacterial genera corresponding to common maternally inherited bacteria in different arthropod species (Arsenophonus, Candidatus Midichloria, Rickettsia, Wolbachia and Spiroplasma). This study also allowed us to observe an effect according to the season at which the ticks were sampled, which appeared to be mainly due to microorganisms commonly found in the environment. Finally, we identified a large number of links between members of the microbiota, some of which involving several taxa of the Rickettsia genus, potentially pathogenic. All our results confirm that the pathobiome of ticks is a dynamic system, which must be studied at different scales., En Europe, les tiques représentent les premiers vecteurs d’agents pathogènes pour l’homme et l’animal, et constituent ainsi un problème de santé publique et vétérinaire préoccupant. Ixodes ricinus, espèce de tique prédominante en Europe occidentale, est l’espèce capable de transmettre la plus grande variété d’agents pathogènes, dont les bactéries du complexe Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., agents de la maladie de Lyme. Outre les agents pathogènes, les tiques sont également porteuses d’une multitude d’autres micro-organismes, capables d’influencer l’acquisition et/ou la transmission des agents pathogènes. Ces informations ont ainsi conduit à prendre en compte le concept de pathobiome, qui vise à considérer les interactions entre l’agent pathogène et son environnement biotique, notamment les autres micro-organismes hébergés par les tiques. Par ailleurs, ces communautés microbiennes constituent des systèmes dynamiques dont la composition et la diversité sont susceptibles de varier, d’une part à l’échelle de la tique et d’autre part à l’échelle temporelle ou spatiale. Ainsi la compréhension des différents facteurs pouvant influer sur la compétence vectorielle des tiques, nécessite, non seulement, de considérer la notion de pathobiome dans l’étude des tiques et des agents pathogènes qu’elles transmettent, mais aussi, de bien considérer cette notion d’échelle et l’aspect dynamique de ce système. Dans un tel contexte, mon projet de thèse visait à caractériser la dynamique du pathobiome de tiques I. ricinus. Pour cela deux échelles ont été considérées : l’échelle temporelle et les organes des tiques. La première partie de ma thèse consistait à identifier la dynamique des agents pathogènes d’une part dans des tiques collectées mensuellement pendant trois années consécutives et d’autre part dans deux organes clés : le tube digestif et les glandes salivaires. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé une technique de criblage haut-débit, la PCR microfluidique. À l’échelle des organes, les résultats obtenus nous ont conduit à remettre en perspective certains postulats établis quant aux mécanismes de transmission de certains agents pathogènes, et plus particulièrement les Borrelia. À l’échelle temporelle, nous avons pu caractériser la dynamique de plusieurs espèces pathogènes appartenant aux genres, Borrelia, Anaplasma, Rickettsia et Babesia, bien connues pour circuler chez les tiques I. ricinus dans la zone étudiée. Nous avons aussi pu mettre en évidence, des différences de prévalences pour plusieurs de ces agents pathogènes en fonction des saisons ou encore des années d’échantillonnage. Par ailleurs, le microbiote des tiques de l’étude temporelle, a été caractérisé par séquençage haut débit du gène de l’ARN 16s et d’éventuelles interactions entre les différents membres de ces communautés microbiennes ont été recherchées à l’aide d’analyses de réseaux. Après une rigoureuse mise au point méthodologique pour s’affranchir des potentielles contaminations liées aux étapes d’extraction et d’amplification de l’ADN, nous avons montré que le microbiote des tiques était largement dominé par plusieurs genres bactériens correspondant à des bactéries communément transmises verticalement chez différentes espèces d’arthropodes (Arsenophonus, Candidatus Midichloria, Rickettsia, Wolbachia et Spiroplasma). L’étude de l’ensemble du microbiote nous a également permis d’observer un effet de la saison à laquelle les tiques avaient été échantillonnées, qui semblait être principalement le fait de micro-organismes communément retrouvés dans l’environnement. Enfin, nous avons identifié un grand nombre de liens entre les membres du microbiote, dont certains impliquant plusieurs taxons du genre Rickettsia, potentiellement pathogènes. Ainsi, l’ensemble des résultats obtenus au cours de cette thèse, a permis de montrer que le pathobiome des tiques est un système dynamique, qu’il est nécessaire d’étudier à différentes échelles, pour en caractériser le fonctionnement.
- Published
- 2020
7. MOESM2 of A three-years assessment of Ixodes ricinus-borne pathogens in a French peri-urban forest
- Author
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Lejal, Emilie, Marsot, Maud, Chalvet-Monfray, Karine, Jean-FrançOis Cosson, Moutailler, Sara, Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel, and Pollet, Thomas
- Abstract
Additional file 2: Table S2. Targeted genes and primer sequences used for results confirmation.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The concept of scale in tick microbial community ecology
- Author
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Pollet, Thomas, Lejal, Emilie, Estrada-Peña, Agustin, Cosson, Jean François, Krawzcyk, Aleksandra, Moutailler, Sara, Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel, Sprong, Hein, and Moutailler, Sara
- Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,ticks - Published
- 2019
9. Bipar-tick research (1). Un premier aperçu de la dynamique du pathobiome de la tique Ixodes ricinus
- Author
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Pollet, Thomas, Lejal, Emilie, Marsot, Maud, Moutailler, Sara, Chalvet-Monfray, Karine, VAYSSIER, Muriel, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Unité EPI, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Département Santé Animale (DEPT SA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ProdInra, Migration, Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, and Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
- Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,composition et dynamique ,pathobiome ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Ixodes ricinus ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2018
10. Taxon appearance from extraction and amplification steps demonstrates the value of multiple controls in tick microbiota analysis
- Author
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Lejal, Emilie, primary, Estrada-Peña, Agustín, additional, Marsot, Maud, additional, Cosson, Jean-François, additional, Rué, Olivier, additional, Mariadassou, Mahendra, additional, Midoux, Cédric, additional, Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel, additional, and Pollet, Thomas, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A three-years assessment of Ixodes ricinus-borne pathogens in a French peri-urban forest
- Author
-
Lejal, Emilie, primary, Marsot, Maud, additional, Chalvet-Monfray, Karine, additional, Cosson, Jean-François, additional, Moutailler, Sara, additional, Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel, additional, and Pollet, Thomas, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Tick-borne pathogen detection in midgut and salivary glands of adult Ixodes ricinus
- Author
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Lejal, Emilie, primary, Moutailler, Sara, additional, Simo, Ladislav, additional, Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel, additional, and Pollet, Thomas, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Taxon Appearance From Extraction and Amplification Steps Demonstrates the Value of Multiple Controls in Tick Microbiota Analysis.
- Author
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Lejal E, Estrada-Peña A, Marsot M, Cosson JF, Rué O, Mariadassou M, Midoux C, Vayssier-Taussat M, and Pollet T
- Abstract
Background: The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies has substantially improved analysis of bacterial community diversity, composition, and functions. Over the last decade, high-throughput sequencing has been used extensively to identify the diversity and composition of tick microbial communities. However, a growing number of studies are warning about the impact of contamination brought along the different steps of the analytical process, from DNA extraction to amplification. In low biomass samples, e.g., individual tick samples, these contaminants may represent a large part of the obtained sequences, and thus generate considerable errors in downstream analyses and in the interpretation of results. Most studies of tick microbiota either do not mention the inclusion of controls during the DNA extraction or amplification steps, or consider the lack of an electrophoresis signal as an absence of contamination. In this context, we aimed to assess the proportion of contaminant sequences resulting from these steps. We analyzed the microbiota of individual Ixodes ricinus ticks by including several categories of controls throughout the analytical process: homogenization, DNA extraction, and DNA amplification., Results: Controls yielded a significant number of sequences (1,126-13,198 mean sequences, depending on the control category). Some operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected in these controls belong to genera reported in previous tick microbiota studies. In this study, these OTUs accounted for 50.9% of the total number of sequences in our samples, and were considered contaminants. Contamination levels (i.e., the percentage of sequences belonging to OTUs identified as contaminants) varied with tick instar and sex: 76.3% of nymphs and 75% of males demonstrated contamination over 50%, while most females (65.7%) had rates lower than 20%. Contamination mainly corresponded to OTUs detected in homogenization and extraction reagent controls, highlighting the importance of carefully controlling these steps., Conclusion: Here, we showed that contaminant OTUs from sample laboratory processing steps can represent more than half the total sequence yield in sequencing runs, and lead to unreliable results when characterizing tick microbial communities. We thus strongly advise the routine use of negative controls in tick microbiota studies, and more generally in studies involving low biomass samples., (Copyright © 2020 Lejal, Estrada-Peña, Marsot, Cosson, Rué, Mariadassou, Midoux, Vayssier-Taussat and Pollet.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Clostridioides difficile binary toxin CDT induces biofilm-like persisting microcolonies.
- Author
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Meza-Torres J, Tinevez JY, Crouzols A, Mary H, Kim M, Hunault L, Chamorro-Rodriguez S, Lejal E, Altamirano-Silva P, Groussard D, Gobaa S, Peltier J, Chassaing B, and Dupuy B
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Bacterial Toxins metabolism, Bacterial Toxins genetics, Humans, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Vancomycin pharmacology, Colon microbiology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Cecum microbiology, Female, Disease Models, Animal, ADP Ribose Transferases, Biofilms drug effects, Biofilms growth & development, Clostridioides difficile genetics, Clostridioides difficile drug effects, Clostridioides difficile growth & development, Clostridioides difficile physiology, Clostridioides difficile metabolism, Clostridium Infections microbiology, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Bacterial Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Clinical symptoms of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) range from diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis. A major challenge in managing CDI is the high rate of relapse. Several studies correlate the production of CDT binary toxin by clinical strains of C. difficile with higher relapse rates. Although the mechanism of action of CDT on host cells is known, its exact contribution to CDI is still unclear. To understand the physiological role of CDT during CDI, we established two hypoxic relevant intestinal models, Transwell and Microfluidic Intestine-on-Chip systems. Both were challenged with the epidemic strain UK1 CDT
+ and its isogenic CDT- mutant. We report that CDT induces mucin-associated microcolonies that increase C. difficile colonization and display biofilm-like properties by enhancing C. difficile resistance to vancomycin. Importantly, biofilm-like microcolonies were also observed in the cecum and colon of infected mice. Hence, our study shows that CDT induces biofilm-like microcolonies, increasing C. difficile persistence and risk of relapse.- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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