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Johann Lechner,1 Tilman Schulz,2 Beatrice Lejeune,3 Volker von Baehr4 1Clinic Integrative Dentistry Munich, Munich, Germany; 2Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; 3Labo’Life France, Nantes, France; 4Institute for Medical Diagnostics, Berlin, GermanyCorrespondence: Johann LechnerClinic Integrative Dentistry Munich, Praxisklinik Gruenwalder Str. 10A, Munich, 81547, GermanyTel +49 89 6970129Fax +49 89 6925830Email drlechner@aol.comBackground: The role of signaling pathways as part of the cell-cell communication within cancer progression becomes a crucial area. Chemokine RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), also known as the chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) (R/C), is a protein on which cancer research focus due to its link with aggressive cancer development.Objective: Research on fatty-degenerative osteonecrosis in jawbone (FDOJ) shows striking overexpression of R/C in these areas. Here we try to elucidate a potential link between jawbone-derived R/C and breast cancer (BC) and compare these findings by immunohistochemical staining.Methods: Thirty-nine FDOJ samples extracted from 39 BC patients and samples from 19 healthy control were analyzed for R/C expression using bead-based Luminex® analysis. R/C levels from 5 BC patients were measured in serum before and after FDOJ surgery. Bone density, histology, R/C expression, and immunohistochemistry were analysed in 4 clinical case studies. The R/C staining of two FDOJ BC patients is compared with the immunohistochemical staining of BC cell preparations.Results: A high overexpression of R/C was seen in all FDOJ samples. R/C levels in serum were statistically downregulated after FDOJ surgery (p=0.0241).Discussion: R/C induced “silent inflammation” in BC is widely discussed in scientific papers along with R/C triggering of different signaling pathways, which might be a key point in the development of BC.Conclusion: Hypothesis that FDOJ may serve as a trigger of BC progression through R/C overexpression was set by the authors, who thus inspire clinicians to make aware of FDOJ throughout the dental and medical community in BC cases.Keywords: chemokine RANTES/CCL5, osteonecrosis of the jawbone, breast cancer, bead-based Luminex® analysis, hyperactivated signaling pathways

Ilaria Floris,1 Kurt Appel,2 Thorsten Rose,2 Beatrice Lejeune3 1Clinical Affairs, Labo’Life France, Moutiers-Sous-Chantemerle, France; 2VivaCell Biotechnology GmbH, Denzlingen, Germany; 3Clinical Affairs, Labo’Life Belgium, Gembloux, Belgium Background: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1β are 2 pro-inflammatory cytokines known to be involved in rheumatic diseases. The therapeutic strategy used in micro-immunotherapy (MI) to reduce chronic inflammation and attenuate pain consists in mainly targeting these 2 cytokines. 2LARTH® is a sublingually administered medicine consisting of lactose-saccharose globules impregnated with ethanolic preparations of immune mediators and nucleic acids at ultra-low doses. Purpose: The aim of the study is to explore the effect of the MI medicine on TNF-α and IL-1β secretion in human primary enriched monocytes exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods: Placebo and active globules were diluted in culture medium to test 5 lactose-saccharose globules concentrations (from 1.75 to 22 mM). Freshly isolated enriched monocytes from 6 healthy donors were treated with or without LPS (10 ng/mL), LPS+ placebo, or LPS+ 2LARTH® for 24 hours. IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 release were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The medicine has significantly decreased the level of IL-1β secretion compared with placebo at these concentrations: 22 mM (P

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify the needs and challenges of seniors with dual sensory loss (combined hearing and vision loss) and to determine priorities for training family members, community service providers, and professionals who work with them. Methods: Individuals (N = 131) with dual sensory loss between the ages of 55 and 99 years participated in a survey designed to collect information about their most important needs, challenges encountered associated with sensory losses, and the training requirements of the people who interact with them. Results were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and comparisons were made between persons with early and late onset of sensory loss. Results: The most commonly identified needs were transportation, technology training, assistance with errands, and improved communication. Medical providers were identified as the service providers who most need training about dual sensory loss. A majority of respondents thought their local community members, friends, and family also need education. Some differences were noted based on age of onset of sensory losses. Discussion: Needs differed by age of onset group: needs of participants with early onset of one or both sensory losses focused on transportation and training to use technology, while needs for those with later onset focused on information about devices to improve hearing or vision and better ability to communicate with family. Implications for practitioners: Training to use technology is an important area of need that may not always be addressed for this population by service providers, but it may contribute to overall improved quality of life, since it has the potential to improve communication options and reduce feelings of isolation. Health care providers are an important group to target for education regarding how to interact with people with dual sensory loss.

This article compares the development of print and braille reading in children who are blind and sighted in relation to Chall's stage model of reading development. Chall's model includes a prereading period, in which concepts are developed; middle stages, in which skills that are necessary for decoding text are developed; and later stages, which distinguish skilled readers on the basis of their highly developed schemata and cognitive skills that are necessary for effective comprehension and integration. The relevance of a developmental theory for directing training methods that facilitate braille literacy instruction is discussed.