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The Tenebrae Lessons were important components of Holy Week in baroque France. While François Couperin's (1668–1733) settings of the Tenebrae Lessons hold a significant place in both the repertoire and scholarly literature, Marc-Antoine Charpentier's (1643–1704) voluminous settings of the Tenebrae Lessons deserve a place alongside those by Couperin. This article first outlines the liturgy of the Tenebrae service. Second, it examines the welcoming and influences of the Italian style on the French Leçons de Ténèbres at a time when Lully's seizure over stage music was complete. Third, it illustrates the influence of secular music-making on this important Liturgical Office. Fourth, it briefly discusses the importance of rhetoric for Charpentier and his contemporaries and rhetoric's influence on Charpentier's compositional style of liturgical music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Special Treatment / Különleges Bánásmód is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trashumante. Revista Americana de Historia Social is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Among the various inhabitants of the Hungarian Kingdom during the Middle Ages, there were also Orthodox Christians, frequently designated as schismatici. Secular and ecclesiastic authorities often sought their conversion and the mission of the Order of Friars Minor in this area targeted them as well. A change of attitude was imposed, at least for a time, in 1439 by the decree of union agreed at the Council of Florence (1438–39). A half a century later, Osualdus de Lasko (c. 1450– 1511), a Hungarian Observant Franciscan, wrote a Lenten homiletic cycle exhorting a profound commitment to the true faith by addressing the question of the Byzantine rite in three of his sermons. This article offers an analysis of the sermon collection entitled Quadragesimale Gemma fidei, focusing mainly on the three sermons de damnabili ritu Graecorum. I will argue that, on a spiritual level, Osualdus intended to strengthen the faith of the Catholic inhabitants of Hungary, to resist and correct deviances, in order to regain God’s mercy. On a temporal level, he promoted the return of the ‘Greeks’ to communion with the Roman Church, through conversion, probably in the interest of a stronger front against the Ottomans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their paucity, the surviving sources for the Old Hispanic Rite make possible the identification of the earliest kernel of responsories for the Night Office. They show how this first group of responsories, assigned to the Ferial Office, was subsequently distributed over the Sundays of Lent. Comparison of the notation for these responsories, both refrains and verses, across the several sources enables a more solid geographical grouping of the manuscripts than do the palaeographical studies of the verbal texts that have hitherto prevailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On September 22, 2021, the Spanish series Jaguar was released on Netflix. Its six episodes of season one (a second season is yet to be confirmed) focus on a fictional band of Nazi-hunters in Spain, somewhere in the 1960s, calling themselves "Jaguars" (hence the series' title). All but one Jaguar member are survivors of several German concentration camps, and dedicate their lives to bring Nazi war criminals, who are spending their days in luxury under the protection of the Franco regime in Spain, to justice. One of the Jaguars is Marsé (Francesc Garrido), a bearded man in his forties, and the team's dedicated driver. Step by step, the viewer of Jaguar learns his background story: ordained a Roman Catholic priest, he renounced his faith after having witnessed and experienced the horrors of the Nazi regime in Dachau concentration camp. Marsé still struggles with his former faith and occasionally shares his theological insights with his teammates, especially with the series' protagonist Isabel Garrido. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Verona Orational, copied in Tarragona in the early eighth century, contains processional rubrics hinting at liturgical movement between churches on Carnes Tollendas Sunday at the beginning of Lent. The rubrics mention three places: Holy Jerusalem, Saint Fructuosus's and Saint Peter's. This essay examines the processional rubrics in tandem with the urban architecture of Visigothic Tarragona to place these processions as nearly as possible in their topographical context. We also consider the likely character of the chants sung during the processions, drawing both on the Verona Orational texts and the processional chants for Carnes Tollendas Sunday preserved in later manuscripts. This unique sonic and spatial experience signalled the beginning of Lent to the entire city, Christianizing the urban space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Themes of Christian initiation permeate the Old Hispanic liturgy for the three weeks before Easter, culminating in the Easter Vigil baptisms. Previous scholars have examined the initiation prayers, readings, and sermons in detail, exploring their connections with the writings of Ildephonsus of Toledo (d. 667). In this article, we consider the initiation rituals from the perspectives of liturgical movement and chant. On Mid-Lent Sunday (three weeks before Easter) and Palm Sunday, the themes of these rituals were developed both in the processional chants and the initiation-themed chants that surrounded them. These materials provide a rich source of information about how initiation theology was enacted through ritual movement and sound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meditation on religion and art first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 by the broadcast journalist, producer, artist and theological commentator Ted Harrison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Christian, or liturgical, year sets human lives within God’s story of creation and salvation, sanctifying moments, days, years, and lives. Calendar and hourly time become God’s time as the Christian year encompasses and intermingles past, present, and future. Following the key themes of this encyclopaedia, this entry will provide an overview of the scriptural roots of the Christian year, along with its historical development in communities within a range of traditions, Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant. Note that the present diversity of theologies and practices of Christian communities throughout the world makes it impossible for one essay, even focused on only one practice, to comprehensively present all understandings. The diversity of humanity is exhibited in the Christian year through a variety of debates arising from the value that a church or tradition might place on observing various holy days; how the Christian calendar is related to other calendars; whether the gospel and the Christian year itself is considered countercultural, assimilated to colonizers’ calendars, or accommodated to Indigenous calendars; and how much society and environment should affect an understanding of the Christian year. The theological implications of this practice of ‘hallowing our days’ through observing the seasons of the year centred around Jesus (Paschal mystery/Easter and incarnation/Christmas) are a constant reminder of God’s presence. The practice of the Christian year and some interactions with science and the natural world will be considered. Ultimately, the Christian year is an ever-deepening cycle which, alongside or in contrast to the seasons of nature, can grow faith in individuals and communities now and into the future.

This article, titled "Aubade For A Body Bejewelled With Napalm (after Romeo Oriogun's 'Invisible Man')" is a new poetry piece that explores themes of grief, language, memory, music, and sexuality. The author, Nnamdi Ndiolo, uses vivid imagery and metaphors to convey their emotions and experiences. The poem touches on topics such as persecution, love, and the struggle for acceptance. Ndiolo's work has been featured in various publications and they can be found on Twitter and Instagram. [Extracted from the article]

Until the 1980s, Catholic elements in Haitian culture tended to be interpreted exclusively in connection to the forced conversion of the enslaved population under French rule. This changed following John Thornton's groundbreaking research into the development of Christianity in early modern Africa—Kongo in particular—and the awareness that a significant number of enslaved Africans already identified as Christian before their arrival in Saint-Domingue. This article's goal is to go beyond Thornton's research by showing that we can acquire a better understanding of Catholic elements in Haitian culture if we start our analysis in late medieval Iberia. To illustrate this, the article focuses on one of Haiti's most enigmatic cultural traditions, known as Chariopié , Lwalwadi , or, most commonly, Rara. Although this performance has received abundant scholarly interest, questions relating to the origin of its Catholic elements have remained largely unanswered. This is regrettable considering that Rara parades follow the liturgical calendar of Lent and intensify in frequency during Holy Week. Moreover, a key element of Rara consists of the destruction of an effigy of Judas Iscariot, in accordance with the Biblical account of the Easter story. Using a comparative analysis, this article presents a number of remarkable parallels between Rara and late medieval Iberian Lent traditions. To explain these parallels, it claims that enslaved Africans who were familiar with Iberian practices prior to their arrival in the Caribbean established, by their own initiative, a network of mutual aid and burial societies modeled on Afro-Iberian Catholic brotherhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the complex reality of Catholics in China, highlighting the difficulties they face under the regime of Xi Jinping. It mentions the religious discrimination that persists in the country despite the expression of belonging and devotion by Chinese faithful. It also mentions the work of proclaiming the Gospel in the daily life of Chinese Catholics, as well as pilgrimages and charitable works during Lent. The relationship between the Church and the State is emphasized, as well as the participation of religious representatives in the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Additionally, it reports on the repression that the Catholic Church in China has suffered since Xi Jinping came to power in 2012, including surveillance and the placement of portraits of Xi Jinping in churches. However, it mentions the visit of the bishop of Hong Kong to mainland China, generating hopes for rapprochement between Chinese authorities and the Catholic Church. [Extracted from the article]

In the article, I discuss the seasonality of marriages, conceptions and first conceptions in early modern communities from the territory of present-day Poland. I looked for the influence of the Catholic liturgical calendar there. The source basis was the data published so far in the literature. The analysis shows that church restrictions forced the faithful to marry in the months immediately before Lent and Advent. This resulted in an increase in post-marital sexual activity during the period when abstinence was recommended. This conclusion weakens the notion that the Catholic Church controlled the daily lives of early modern Polish inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interview with Dom Guilherme Antônio Werlang highlights the importance of evangelization and social action in people's lives. He emphasizes the need to provide food, education, and housing for everyone, as well as guarantee the right to happiness. Dom Guilherme mentions the work done in collecting food and combating hunger in Brazil, in partnership with government programs. He argues that basic food should not be subject to market laws, as access to healthy food is a human right. The author also discusses the relationship between combating hunger and the principles of the Social Doctrine of the Church, arguing that hunger goes beyond lack of food, also involving fundamental rights such as health and housing. He emphasizes the importance of addressing the issue of hunger throughout the year, not just during Lent, and suggests simple initiatives to tackle hunger, such as avoiding waste and educating children about solidarity and sharing. [Extracted from the article]

The Fraternity Campaign, as a Lenten campaign, must favor conversion in the personal, ecclesial and social spheres. Therefore, it is important the analysis of pastoral conversion of the Church from it. In order to pastoral conversion happens, it is necessary to assume its process, as well as the understanding and acceptance of the doctrine of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council. The 2023 Fraternity Campaign offers us many elements that favor pastoral conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article gives an overview over the development of gouache painting – from Flemish Waterverfschilderij, Lenten cloths (tüchlein paintings), miniature paintings, and landscape gouache in "heroic" and "rustic" styles to the landscape veduta of Alpine sceneries. The – often confusing – usage of the term gouache will be discussed and traced back in history, leading to a clear definition of our present-day conception. The findings are based on the study of art technological sources as well as observations of gouache paintings from a variety of different artists including Hans Bol, Marco Ricci, James Stuart, and Johann Ludwig Aberli. The author's own experiences with gouache painting will also feed into the portrayal of a technique which in the past has often been disparaged and is underrepresented in the art technological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the indicators influencing the academic success of students is their perception of academic self-efficacy. This study endeavored to investigate the effectiveness of Lent and Brown's social-cognitive therapy on the perception of academic self-efficacy and its sub-components among students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The population for this semi-experimental study was all conditional students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, of which 60 students were selected by easy sampling method and were assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received Lent and Brown social cognitive counseling and the control group received current counseling from the University Counseling Center. The instrument was the students' academic self-efficacy questionnaire. Inferential tests used in this research included one-way analysis of variance, independent t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) Results: In the experimental group after the intervention, the average score of self-efficacy changed from 92.5±14.3 to 96.9±13.8 and from 94.7±8.9 to 95.5±0.9 in the control group. The change in self-efficacy score in the social intelligence group was 4.4 vs. 0.7 in the control group. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the perception of academic self-efficacy as well as the two components of academic skill self-efficacy and academic performance self-efficacy. (p

Background: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a condition, that can be seen in 15% of patients diagnosed with cancer. Because of the short overall survival, it is important to identify the appropriate treatment. In addition to the palliation of secondary symptoms due to MPE, it should also be decided in which cases a more aggressive treatment is to be followed. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the performance of LENT and clinical PROMISE scores in predicting survival in patients with MPE. Methods: Age, sex, smoking history, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, cancer type, history of chemotherapy/radiotherapy, laboratory values, and pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase were recorded. The LENT and the PROMISE scores were calculated and risk categories were determined. During the follow-up, blood tests and tomography controls were performed on the patients as routine. The overall survival was calculated as the period from the date of diagnosis of MPE to death or until December 31, 2019. Results: A total of 169 patients were included. The median age was 65 (26–86). In the single-variable analysis, there was a significant increase in mortality risk in the poor performance score and if the LENT risk group progressed from the low-to medium-/high-risk group or PROMISE categories A to B, A to C or A to D. In multivariate analysis, mortality risk in 1, 3, 6, and 12 months increased significantly in poor performance score, in PROMISE category B, C, and D. In high LENT risk-group, an increased mortality risk was shown in only 12 months of survival. Conclusions: Our data show that poor performance score (ECOG 3-4), PROMISE category B, C, and D significantly increase mortality risk and the LENT score is inadequate in predicting survival.

Manuscript No. 138 from the A. I. Khludov Collection is a Middle Bulgarian oldredaction Triodion from the second half of the ХІІІ century, in which 15 synaxarion readings have been included. Their texts and composition are the subject of this article. Nine of the readings, whose author supposedly is St Clement of Ohrid (the readings on the Sundays of the Great Lent and the Saturday of Lazarus), are well known and explored. The remaining six texts have not been published or analyzed. All of them refer to the Old Bulgarian literature, but their oldest preserved copies are from the 13th century. While working in detail with the sermons associated with the name of St Clement, I hypothesize that the displacement of parts of three of them (on the fifth Sunday of the Great Lent, on the Resurrection of Lazarus and on the Palm Sunday) is due to shuffled leaves in the antigraph. Unnoted as an integral whole, the Sermon on Palm Sunday is present here under the authorship of Athanasius of Alexandria, while its second half has become the second part of the Homily on the Resurrection of Lazarus. A text about Cheesefare Saturday without a Greek original has been added here. This text can also be associated with the authorship of St Clement or bookmen of his school. It is published in the Appendix to the article. As a whole, the composition of the synaxarion readings from Triodion Hlud138 is unique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the hermeneutics of secularization, this article aims to continue delving into the most recent and innovative interpretations of Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera's work. Specifically, it discusses various and apparently contradictory sides of his spiritual dimension as well as his ideological alignment with the political agenda of Porfirio Díaz' regime. For that purpose, a small number of Nájera's writings are analyzed which illustrate some manisfestations of the secularization process of Mexico in the second half of the 19th century, such as the different fortune of various religious celebrations, the re-reading of genres such as homiletics or biblical exegesis or journalistic debates of political-religious content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Triatomines are blood-sucking insects, potential vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Triatoma guazu and Triatoma williami are phylogenetically very close and occur in sympatry. Morphologic, morphometric, and genetic analyses were performed to discuss the taxonomic status of these species. Morphometric and molecular data do not show diagnostic characteristics between species, whereas their different patterns of connexival spots were considered a phenotypic polymorphism, common in triatomines. These results suggest T. guazu as a junior synonym of T. williami. Therefore, the synonym between these species is formally proposed here. Triatoma guazu Lent and Wygodzinsky and Triatoma williami Galvão, Souza, and Lima (Hemiptera: Triatominae) are found in human dwellings and are potential vectors of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Triatoma guazu was described based solely on a single female specimen, from the municipality of Villarica, Guairá Department, Paraguay, and posteriorly, a male from Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil was described and designated as the allotype of this species. Triatoma williami is found in the central-west of Brazil between Goiás, Mato Grosso, and Mato Grosso do Sul. However, the taxonomic "status" of these species is questioned. Previous studies indicate the lack of isoenzymatic diagnostic loci, morphometric similarity, low genetic divergence, and close evolutionary relationship of these species. In this study, we compared the morphology, morphometry, and mitochondrial DNA fragments of the populations of the two species. The morphological diagnostic characteristic among these species is the difference in the connexivum spots pattern, which has been recognized as a phenotypic variation that exists among populations resulting from ecological diversity. Furthermore, our analysis also revealed the morphometric similarity and low genetic divergence between these species. Therefore, in the present paper, we formally propose T. guazu as a junior synonym of T. williami. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a condition, that can be seen in 15% of patients diagnosed with cancer. Because of the short overall survival, it is important to identify the appropriate treatment. In addition to the palliation of secondary symptoms due to MPE, it should also be decided in which cases a more aggressive treatment is to be followed. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the performance of LENT and clinical PROMISE scores in predicting survival in patients with MPE. Methods: Age, sex, smoking history, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, cancer type, history of chemotherapy/radiotherapy, laboratory values, and pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase were recorded. The LENT and the PROMISE scores were calculated and risk categories were determined. During the follow-up, blood tests and tomography controls were performed on the patients as routine. The overall survival was calculated as the period from the date of diagnosis of MPE to death or until December 31, 2019. Results: A total of 169 patients were included. The median age was 65 (26–86). In the single-variable analysis, there was a significant increase in mortality risk in the poor performance score and if the LENT risk group progressed from the low-to medium-/high-risk group or PROMISE categories A to B, A to C or A to D. In multivariate analysis, mortality risk in 1, 3, 6, and 12 months increased significantly in poor performance score, in PROMISE category B, C, and D. In high LENT risk-group, an increased mortality risk was shown in only 12 months of survival. Conclusions: Our data show that poor performance score (ECOG 3-4), PROMISE category B, C, and D significantly increase mortality risk and the LENT score is inadequate in predicting survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monastic practice of Lenten retreats in the desert is attested in ancient Palestine by the early fifth century. However, within the large archaeological corpus of desert monasticism, sites that can be positively identified as Lenten hermitages were previously unattested. The hermitage discovered during the recent survey of the Dead Sea Escarpment is situated in a rock shelter in a narrow natural ledge, part of the high cliff towering the western shore of the Dead Sea. The harsh, arid environment and lack of perennial water sources nearby make the site a suitable abode mainly during the spring season. The walls of the shelter are covered by two layers of plaster bearing the remains of two different decorative programs, adorning the cell with red paintings and repetitive round medallions and blind arcades. Both phases of decoration exhibit initial lining, probably in preparation for relatively long texts. The sophisticated decoration of this isolated hermitage, which was not meant to impress visitors but rather to stimulate spiritual work in solitude far from the distractions of the outside world, provides an exceptional opportunity to discuss the interaction between the landscape, the image, and the written word in the ascetic practices of Palestinian monasticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soter: Journal of Religious Science / Religijos Mokslo Žurnalas is the property of Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Theology-Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study offers an example of 'standing theology', as distinguished from sitting theology and kneeling theology. It was prepared as an online sermon during the Covid 19 'lockdown' for the congregation of St Margaret of Antioch, Durham, for Lent 1, 2021. The Gospel reading was Mark 1: 9–15. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article develops the hypothesis that the author of so called Methodius’ Canon to Demetrius of Thessalonici (CD) was Constantine of Preslav (C. P.). It was put forward by B. Mircheva within the theory that the CD contains the unusual Slavic acrostic (Мирчева 2004: 74–76). S. Temchin formulated arguments against this theory that are related to the possibility of the existence of such an acrostic (Темчин 2009: 46–47): however, they do not refute the very hypothesis that C. P. was the author of the CD. Based on the text of the CD, several hypotheses can be formulated that may be useful in further consideration of the attribution of the canon: 1. The author of the CD was a native of Thessaloniki; 2. He was one of the disciples of Methodius who were expelled from Moravia in 886; 3. The emergence of the CD was associated with the his stay in Byzantium. These hypotheses can be correlated with information and assumptions about the life of Konstantin Preslavsky: with the possibility that C. P. came from Greek Macedonia, as well as that he belonged to the expelled Methodius’ disciples that were sold into slavery, ransomed and received in Constantinople. Additional arguments in favor of C. P.’s authorship may be his thorough knowledge of the Greek language and Byzantine religious culture. The intertextual connections of the CD with the work of C. P. need a deeper and more comprehensive study. One such relationship can be seen in the combination of the motif of the Mother of God as a rod from the root of Jesse (Is.11:1) with the motif of expelling the ancestral or sinful stench, present in T/3 of CD, T/8 of the Canon to archistratege Michael of C. P., as well as in T/4 of Canon on Thursday of the 6th week of Lent in his Triodion Canon Cycle. An important evidence could be the motif of wandering through foreign lands as a result of the confrontation with the trilinguals, that can be found in 3/9 of CD and in 3/9 of the Canon on Thursday of the 5th week of Lent in the Triodion Canon Cycle of K. P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In developing countries where talc may not be readily available, video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) iodopovidone pleurodesis offers an excellent alternative for the treatment of malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). Methods: This study analyzes a retrospective experience using VATS iodopovidone pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions at a single cardiothoracic center in the capital of Colombia evaluating success according to LENT (Lactate, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-ECOG, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio, Tumor type) scores. A total of 75 records of patients taken to VATS iodopovidone pleurodesis for MPEs were retrieved from our institutional database during a 5-year period from 2014-2019. Of these, 45 had complete clinical history data necessary to analyze both LENT scores and post-op follow-up imaging. Results: Of the 45 patients evaluated, 93.3% (42 patients) had either complete resolution of pleural effusions or partial resolution with an asymptomatic recovery within the first month post op. Chest pain was the most common postoperative complaint, which was present in 20% of patients. The mean postoperative ECOG score was 2±1.7. Patients with moderate to high-risk LENT scores had success rates of 96.7% and 92.3% respectively. Conclusion: Video-assisted thoracoscopic pleurodesis using Iodopovidone-iodine is an effective approach for MPEs. In developing countries where Iodopovidone iodine is readily available and affordable, patients may benefit from this agent with excellent results and minimal complications.

The Assembly of Russian Catholic Bishops paid attention to the suffering of the people in its 57th plenary assembly. The bishops highlighted the suffering caused by war, violence, and natural disasters, and called on the faithful to listen to others in order to achieve healing. They also called for a reconsideration of Pope Francis' Letter for Lent 2023, which urges meeting with the Lord and one's neighbor. The bishops indicated three necessary paths for working together in the current conditions: prayer, dialogue, and active love. Additionally, they requested that the government and the faithful be open to the Gospel values of the Catholic Church. [Extracted from the article]