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5. Carvão pirogênico como condicionante substrato de mudas de Tachigali vulgaris L.G. Silva & H.C. Lima

Author

SOUCHIE, F. F., MARIMON JUNIOR, B. H., PETTER, F. A., MADARI, B. E., MARIMON, B. S., LENZA, E., FABIANE FURLANETO SOUCHIE, UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, BEN HUR MARIMON JUNIOR, UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, FABIANO ANDRÉ PETTER, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PIAUÍ, BEATA EMOKE MADARI, CNPAF, BEATRIZ SCHWANTES MARIMON, UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, and EDDIE LENZA, UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO.

Subjects
Tachigali vulgaris, Cerrado, biochar, Código florestal, Porcentagem de emergência, Altura, Massa seca, Carvão
Abstract

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a eficiência de carvão vegetal pirogênico como condicionante de substrato para o desenvolvimento de mudas florestais de alto vigor, testando-se o carvoeiro (Tachigali vulgaris) como espécie representativa do Bioma Cerrado. Foram tomados como modelo de produtividade os solos de elevada capacidade de troca catiônica com Horizonte A antrópico da Amazônia (Terras Pretas de Índio), ricos em carbono pirogênico derivado de carvão vegetal. O experimento foi realizado no viveiro da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, no município de Nova Xavantina-MT. Foram utilizadas quatro concentrações de carvão de eucalipto (Eucalyptus sp.) com 5; 12,5; 25 e 50% do volume total do substrato base e 0% como testemunha. Foi avaliada a porcentagem de emergência no início do experimento. Durante oito meses, a cada 30 dias, foi contado o número de folhas e medida a altura total das mudas. No oitavo mês foi medido o diâmetro do coleto e determinada à massa seca da raiz e da parte aérea. Os tratamentos e a testemunha apresentaram emergência superior a 80%, não havendo influência do carvão. Entretanto, o carvão vegetal incrementou significativamente a altura das mudas, o número de folhas, o diâmetro do coleto e a massa seca radicular e da parte aérea, o que ficou evidenciado pela forte correlação positiva com as concentrações de carvão. Portanto, o carvão vegetal pirogênico é uma alternativa viável como condicionante de origem biológica do substrato para a produção de mudas potencialmente mais resistentes, requerimento importante para plantios em campo sob condições mais severas, como na recuperação de áreas degradadas no Bioma Cerrado.

Published
2011

6. Structural, physiognomic and above-ground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents - how different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations?

Author

Veenendaal, E.M., Torello-Raventos, M., Feldpausch, T.R., Domingues, T.F., Gerard, F., Schrodt, F., Saiz, G., Quesada, C.A., Djagbletey, G., Ford, A., Kemp, J., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Lenza, E., Ratter, J.A., Maracahipes, L., Sasaki, D., Sonke, B., Zapfack, L., Villarroel, D., Schwarz, M., Ishida, F. Yoko, Gilpin, M., Nardoto, G.B., Affum-Baffoe, K., Arroyo, L., Bloomfield, K., Ceca, G., Compaore, H., Davies, K., Diallo, A., Fyllas, N.M., Gignoux, J., Hien, F., Johnson, M., Mougin, E., Hiernaux, P., Killeen, T., Metcalfe, D., Miranda, H.S., Steininger, M., Sykora, K., Bird, M.I., Grace, J., Lewis, S., Phillips, O.L., Lloyd, J., Veenendaal, E.M., Torello-Raventos, M., Feldpausch, T.R., Domingues, T.F., Gerard, F., Schrodt, F., Saiz, G., Quesada, C.A., Djagbletey, G., Ford, A., Kemp, J., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Lenza, E., Ratter, J.A., Maracahipes, L., Sasaki, D., Sonke, B., Zapfack, L., Villarroel, D., Schwarz, M., Ishida, F. Yoko, Gilpin, M., Nardoto, G.B., Affum-Baffoe, K., Arroyo, L., Bloomfield, K., Ceca, G., Compaore, H., Davies, K., Diallo, A., Fyllas, N.M., Gignoux, J., Hien, F., Johnson, M., Mougin, E., Hiernaux, P., Killeen, T., Metcalfe, D., Miranda, H.S., Steininger, M., Sykora, K., Bird, M.I., Grace, J., Lewis, S., Phillips, O.L., and Lloyd, J.

Abstract

Through interpretations of remote-sensing data and/or theoretical propositions, the idea that forest and savanna represent “alternative stable states” is gaining increasing acceptance. Filling an observational gap, we present detailed stratified floristic and structural analyses for forest and savanna stands located mostly within zones of transition (where both vegetation types occur in close proximity) in Africa, South America and Australia. Woody plant leaf area index variation was related to tree canopy cover in a similar way for both savanna and forest with substantial overlap between the two vegetation types. As total woody plant canopy cover increased, so did the relative contribution of middle and lower strata of woody vegetation. Herbaceous layer cover declined as woody cover increased. This pattern of understorey grasses and herbs progressively replaced by shrubs as the canopy closes over was found for both savannah and forests and on all continents. Thus, once subordinate woody canopy layers are taken into account, a less marked transition in woody plant cover across the savanna–forest species discontinuum is observed compared to that inferred when trees of a basal diameter > 0:1m are considered in isolation. This is especially the case for shrub-dominated savannas and in taller savannas approaching canopy closure. An increased contribution of forest species to the total subordinate cover is also observed as savanna stand canopy closure occurs. Despite similarities in canopy-cover haracteristics, woody vegetation in Africa and Australia attained greater heights and stored a greater amount of above-ground biomass than in South America. Up to three times as much aboveground biomass is stored in forests compared to savannas under equivalent climatic conditions. Savanna–forest transition zones were also found to typically occur at higher precipitation regimes for South America than for Africa. Nevertheless,consistent across all three continents coexistence was

Published
2015

7. Structural, physiognomic and above-ground biomass variation in savanna–forest transition zones on three continents – how different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations?

Author

Veenendaal, E. M., primary, Torello-Raventos, M., additional, Feldpausch, T. R., additional, Domingues, T. F., additional, Gerard, F., additional, Schrodt, F., additional, Saiz, G., additional, Quesada, C. A., additional, Djagbletey, G., additional, Ford, A., additional, Kemp, J., additional, Marimon, B. S., additional, Marimon-Junior, B. H., additional, Lenza, E., additional, Ratter, J. A., additional, Maracahipes, L., additional, Sasaki, D., additional, Sonké, B., additional, Zapfack, L., additional, Villarroel, D., additional, Schwarz, M., additional, Yoko Ishida, F., additional, Gilpin, M., additional, Nardoto, G. B., additional, Affum-Baffoe, K., additional, Arroyo, L., additional, Bloomfield, K., additional, Ceca, G., additional, Compaore, H., additional, Davies, K., additional, Diallo, A., additional, Fyllas, N. M., additional, Gignoux, J., additional, Hien, F., additional, Johnson, M., additional, Mougin, E., additional, Hiernaux, P., additional, Killeen, T., additional, Metcalfe, D., additional, Miranda, H. S., additional, Steininger, M., additional, Sykora, K., additional, Bird, M. I., additional, Grace, J., additional, Lewis, S., additional, Phillips, O. L., additional, and Lloyd, J., additional

Published
2015
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8. Biologia reprodutiva de Rourea induta Planch. (Connaraceae), uma espécie heterostílica de cerrado do Brasil Central

Author

LENZA, E., FERREIRA, J. N., CONSOLARO, H., AQUINO, F. de G., Ediie Lenza, UnB, Joice Nunes Ferreira, CPATU, Hélder Consolaro, UnB, and Fabiana de Gois Aquino, CPAC.

Subjects
Seed, Melittophily, Rourea induta P, Distyly, Savanna, Melitofilia, Sistema reprodutivo, Propagação sexuada, Semente, Distilia, Sexual propagation, Breeding system
Abstract

A heterostilia é um polimorfismo floral geralmente associado a sistemas genéticos de intramorfo incompatibilidade; Nós avaliamos aspectos reprodutivos da heterostilia de uma população de Rourea induta Planch. em uma área de cerrado de Brasília, DF. Foram conduzidos estudos sobre sua biologia floral, sistema reprodutivo, produção e maturação de frutos, germinação de sementes, fenologia reprodutiva e visitantes florais. As flores são pequenas (11 mm de diâmetro), com morfologia simples e possuem dois grupos de cinco estames de comprimentos diferentes e cinco pistilos. O comprimento médio de estames e pistilos diferiu significativamente entre o morfo brevistilo e o longistilo. No entanto, não houve hercogamia recíproca completa entre os dois morfos florais. Os dois morfos são intramorfo incompatíveis, mas o morfo brevistilo é completamente auto-incompatível enquanto o longistilo é parcialmente autocompatível. Apesar das diferenças na morfologia floral e no sistema reprodutivo entre os morfos, estes apresentam igual sucesso reprodutivo em condições naturais, uma vez que a produção e a maturação de frutos por planta e a taxa de germinação das sementes não diferiram significativamente. A população de R. induta apresentou floração tipo "pulsed bang" com alta sincronia intra-individual e inter-individual de floração. Grande variedade de insetos, principalmente pequenas abelhas sociais, foi observada visitando as flores. Nossos resultados sugerem que a auto-incompatibilidade parcial, a incompatibilidade intramorfo e as diferenças nas alturas dos verticilos reprodutivos entre os dois morfos reduzem os níveis de autogamia em R. induta. Em última análise, a maior produção de frutos de polinização intermorfo, promoveu a razão isoplética na população estudada e indicou que R. induta é dependente dos polinizadores para a reprodução sexuada.

Published
2008

10. Supplementary material to "Structural, physiognomic and aboveground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents. How different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations?"

Author

Veenendaal, E. M., primary, Torello-Raventos, M., additional, Feldpausch, T. R., additional, Domingues, T. F., additional, Gerard, F., additional, Schrodt, F., additional, Saiz, G., additional, Quesada, C. A., additional, Djagbletey, G., additional, Ford, A., additional, Kemp, J., additional, Marimon, B. S., additional, Marimon-Junior, B. H., additional, Lenza, E., additional, Ratter, J. A., additional, Maracahipes, L., additional, Sasaki, D., additional, Sonké, B., additional, Zapfack, L., additional, Villarroel, D., additional, Schwarz, M., additional, Yoko Ishida, F., additional, Gilpin, M., additional, Nardoto, G. B., additional, Affum-Baffoe, K., additional, Arroyo, L., additional, Bloomfield, K., additional, Ceca, G., additional, Compaore, H., additional, Davies, K., additional, Diallo, A., additional, Fyllas, N. M., additional, Gignoux, J., additional, Hien, F., additional, Johnson, M., additional, Mougin, E., additional, Hiernaux, P., additional, Killeen, T., additional, Metcalfe, D., additional, Miranda, H. S., additional, Steininger, M., additional, Sykora, K., additional, Bird, M. I., additional, Grace, J., additional, Lewis, S., additional, Phillips, O. L., additional, and Lloyd, J., additional

Published
2014
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11. Structural, physiognomic and aboveground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents. How different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations?

Author

Veenendaal, E. M., primary, Torello-Raventos, M., additional, Feldpausch, T. R., additional, Domingues, T. F., additional, Gerard, F., additional, Schrodt, F., additional, Saiz, G., additional, Quesada, C. A., additional, Djagbletey, G., additional, Ford, A., additional, Kemp, J., additional, Marimon, B. S., additional, Marimon-Junior, B. H., additional, Lenza, E., additional, Ratter, J. A., additional, Maracahipes, L., additional, Sasaki, D., additional, Sonké, B., additional, Zapfack, L., additional, Villarroel, D., additional, Schwarz, M., additional, Yoko Ishida, F., additional, Gilpin, M., additional, Nardoto, G. B., additional, Affum-Baffoe, K., additional, Arroyo, L., additional, Bloomfield, K., additional, Ceca, G., additional, Compaore, H., additional, Davies, K., additional, Diallo, A., additional, Fyllas, N. M., additional, Gignoux, J., additional, Hien, F., additional, Johnson, M., additional, Mougin, E., additional, Hiernaux, P., additional, Killeen, T., additional, Metcalfe, D., additional, Miranda, H. S., additional, Steininger, M., additional, Sykora, K., additional, Bird, M. I., additional, Grace, J., additional, Lewis, S., additional, Phillips, O. L., additional, and Lloyd, J., additional

Published
2014
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12. Tree height integrated into pantropical forest biomass estimates

Author

Feldpausch, Ted R., Lloyd, J., Lewis, Simon L., Brienen, R.J.W., Gloor, M., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Lopez Gonzalez, G., Banin, L., Abu Salim, K., Affum-Baffoe, K., Alexiades, M., Almeida, S., Amaral, Ieda, Andrade, Ana, Aragao, Luiz, Araujo Murakami, A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard, Gerardo, Baker, T.R. de, Banki, Olaf, Berry, N. J., Cardozo, N., Jerome, Chave, Comiskey, J. A., Alvarez, E., de Oliveira, A., Di Fiore, A., Djagbletey, G., Domingues, T.F., Erwin, T., Fearnside, P. M., França, M. B., Freitas, M. A., Higuchi, Niro, Honorio C., E., Iida, Y., Jimenez, E., Kassim, A.R., Killeen, T.J., Laurance, W.F., Lovett, Jon C., Malhi, Y., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Lenza, E., Marshall, A.R., Mendoza, Casimiro, Metcalfe, D.J., Mitchard, E.T.A., Neill, D.A., Nelson, B.W., Nilus, R., Nogueira, E.M., Parada, A., Peh, K.S.-H., Peña Cruz, A., Peñuela, M.C., Pitman, N.C.A., Prieto, A., Quesada, C.A., Ramírez, F., Ramirez Angulo, H., Reitsma, J.M., Rudas, A., Saiz, G., Salomao, R. P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva Espejo, J.E., Silveira, Marcos, Sonke, Bonaventura, Stropp, Juliana, Taedoumg, H. E., Tan, S., Ter Steege, Hans, Terborgh, J., Torello-Raventos, M., Van der Heijden, Geertje, Vasquez, R., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, V. A., White, L., Willcock, S., Woell, H., Phillip, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Lloyd, J., Lewis, Simon L., Brienen, R.J.W., Gloor, M., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Lopez Gonzalez, G., Banin, L., Abu Salim, K., Affum-Baffoe, K., Alexiades, M., Almeida, S., Amaral, Ieda, Andrade, Ana, Aragao, Luiz, Araujo Murakami, A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard, Gerardo, Baker, T.R. de, Banki, Olaf, Berry, N. J., Cardozo, N., Jerome, Chave, Comiskey, J. A., Alvarez, E., de Oliveira, A., Di Fiore, A., Djagbletey, G., Domingues, T.F., Erwin, T., Fearnside, P. M., França, M. B., Freitas, M. A., Higuchi, Niro, Honorio C., E., Iida, Y., Jimenez, E., Kassim, A.R., Killeen, T.J., Laurance, W.F., Lovett, Jon C., Malhi, Y., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Lenza, E., Marshall, A.R., Mendoza, Casimiro, Metcalfe, D.J., Mitchard, E.T.A., Neill, D.A., Nelson, B.W., Nilus, R., Nogueira, E.M., Parada, A., Peh, K.S.-H., Peña Cruz, A., Peñuela, M.C., Pitman, N.C.A., Prieto, A., Quesada, C.A., Ramírez, F., Ramirez Angulo, H., Reitsma, J.M., Rudas, A., Saiz, G., Salomao, R. P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva Espejo, J.E., Silveira, Marcos, Sonke, Bonaventura, Stropp, Juliana, Taedoumg, H. E., Tan, S., Ter Steege, Hans, Terborgh, J., Torello-Raventos, M., Van der Heijden, Geertje, Vasquez, R., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, V. A., White, L., Willcock, S., Woell, H., and Phillip, Oliver L.

Abstract

Aboveground tropical tree biomass and carbon storage estimates commonly ignore tree height (H). We estimate the effect of incorporating H on tropics-wide forest biomass estimates in 327 plots across four continents using 42 656 H and diameter measurements and harvested trees from 20 sites to answer the following questions: 1. What is the best H-model form and geographic unit to include in biomass models to minimise site-level uncertainty in estimates of destructive biomass? 2. To what extent does including H estimates derived in (1) reduce uncertainty in biomass estimates across all 327 plots? 3. What effect does accounting for H have on plot- and continental-scale forest biomass estimates? The mean relative error in biomass estimates of destructively harvested trees when including H (mean 0.06), was half that when excluding H (mean 0.13). Power- andWeibull-H models provided the greatest reduction in uncertainty, with regional Weibull-H models preferred because they reduce uncertainty in smaller-diameter classes (?40 cm D) that store about one-third of biomass per hectare in most forests. Propagating the relationships from destructively harvested tree biomass to each of the 327 plots from across the tropics shows that including H reduces errors from 41.8Mgha?1 (range 6.6 to 112.4) to 8.0Mgha?1 (?2.5 to 23.0). For all plots, aboveground live biomass was ?52.2 Mgha?1 (?82.0 to ?20.3 bootstrapped 95%CI), or 13%, lower when including H estimates, with the greatest relative reductions in estimated biomass in forests of the Brazilian Shield, east Africa, and Australia, and relatively little change in the Guiana Shield, central Africa and southeast Asia. Appreciably different stand structure was observed among regions across the tropical continents, with some storing significantly more biomass in small diameter stems, which affects selection of the best height models to reduce uncertainty and biomass reductions due to H. After accounting for variation in H, total biomass p

Published
2012

13. Height-diameter allometry of tropical forest trees

Author

Feldpausch, T.R., Banin, L., Phillips, O.L., Baker, T.R., Lewis, S.L., Quesada, C.A., Affum-Baffoe, K., Arets, E.J.M.M., Berry, N.J., Bird, M., Brondizio, E.S., de Camargo, P., Chave, J., Djagbletey, G., Domingues, T.F., Drescher, M., Fearnside, P.M., Franca, M.B., Fyllas, N.M., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Hladik, A., Higuchi, N., Hunter, M.O., Iida, Y., Salim, K.A., Kassim, A.R., Keller, M., Kemp, J., King, D.A., Lovett, J.C., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Lenza, E., Marshall, A.R., Metcalfe, D.J., Mitchard, E.T.A., Moran, E.F., Nelson, B.W., Nilus, R., Nogueira, E.M., Palace, M., Patino, S., Peh, K.S.H., Raventos, M.T., Reitsma, J.M., Saiz, G., Schrodt, F., Sonké, B., Taedoumg, H.E., Tan, S., White, L., Wöll, H., Lloyd, J., Feldpausch, T.R., Banin, L., Phillips, O.L., Baker, T.R., Lewis, S.L., Quesada, C.A., Affum-Baffoe, K., Arets, E.J.M.M., Berry, N.J., Bird, M., Brondizio, E.S., de Camargo, P., Chave, J., Djagbletey, G., Domingues, T.F., Drescher, M., Fearnside, P.M., Franca, M.B., Fyllas, N.M., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Hladik, A., Higuchi, N., Hunter, M.O., Iida, Y., Salim, K.A., Kassim, A.R., Keller, M., Kemp, J., King, D.A., Lovett, J.C., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Lenza, E., Marshall, A.R., Metcalfe, D.J., Mitchard, E.T.A., Moran, E.F., Nelson, B.W., Nilus, R., Nogueira, E.M., Palace, M., Patino, S., Peh, K.S.H., Raventos, M.T., Reitsma, J.M., Saiz, G., Schrodt, F., Sonké, B., Taedoumg, H.E., Tan, S., White, L., Wöll, H., and Lloyd, J.

Abstract

Tropical tree height-diameter (H:D) relationships may vary by forest type and region making large-scale estimates of above-ground biomass subject to bias if they ignore these differences in stem allometry. We have therefore developed a new global tropical forest database consisting of 39 955 concurrent H and D measurements encompassing 283 sites in 22 tropical countries. Utilising this database, our objectives were: 1. to determine if H:D relationships differ by geographic region and forest type (wet to dry forests, including zones of tension where forest and savanna overlap). 2. to ascertain if the H:D relationship is modulated by climate and/or forest structural characteristics (e.g. stand-level basal area, A). 3. to develop H:D allometric equations and evaluate biases to reduce error in future local-to-global estimates of tropical forest biomass. Annual precipitation coefficient of variation (PV), dry season length (SD), and mean annual air temperature (TA) emerged as key drivers of variation in H:D relationships at the pantropical and region scales. Vegetation structure also played a role with trees in forests of a high A being, on average, taller at any given D. After the effects of environment and forest structure are taken into account, two main regional groups can be identified. Forests in Asia, Africa and the Guyana Shield all have, on average, similar H:D relationships, but with trees in the forests of much of the Amazon Basin and tropical Australia typically being shorter at any given D than their counterparts elsewhere. The region-environment-structure model with the lowest Akaike's information criterion and lowest deviation estimated stand-level H across all plots to within amedian -2.7 to 0.9% of the true value. Some of the plot-to-plot variability in H:D relationships not accounted for by this model could be attributed to variations in soil physical conditions. Other things being equal, trees tend to be more slender in the absence of soil physical con

Published
2011

14. Height-diameter allometry of tropical forest trees

Author

Feldpausch, T. R., primary, Banin, L., additional, Phillips, O. L., additional, Baker, T. R., additional, Lewis, S. L., additional, Quesada, C. A., additional, Affum-Baffoe, K., additional, Arets, E. J. M. M., additional, Berry, N. J., additional, Bird, M., additional, Brondizio, E. S., additional, de Camargo, P., additional, Chave, J., additional, Djagbletey, G., additional, Domingues, T. F., additional, Drescher, M., additional, Fearnside, P. M., additional, França, M. B., additional, Fyllas, N. M., additional, Lopez-Gonzalez, G., additional, Hladik, A., additional, Higuchi, N., additional, Hunter, M. O., additional, Iida, Y., additional, Salim, K. A., additional, Kassim, A. R., additional, Keller, M., additional, Kemp, J., additional, King, D. A., additional, Lovett, J. C., additional, Marimon, B. S., additional, Marimon-Junior, B. H., additional, Lenza, E., additional, Marshall, A. R., additional, Metcalfe, D. J., additional, Mitchard, E. T. A., additional, Moran, E. F., additional, Nelson, B. W., additional, Nilus, R., additional, Nogueira, E. M., additional, Palace, M., additional, Patiño, S., additional, Peh, K. S.-H., additional, Raventos, M. T., additional, Reitsma, J. M., additional, Saiz, G., additional, Schrodt, F., additional, Sonké, B., additional, Taedoumg, H. E., additional, Tan, S., additional, White, L., additional, Wöll, H., additional, and Lloyd, J., additional

Published
2011
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15. Supplementary material to "Height-diameter allometry of tropical forest trees"

Author

Feldpausch, T. R., primary, Banin, L., additional, Phillips, O. L., additional, Baker, T. R., additional, Lewis, S. L., additional, Quesada, C. A., additional, Affum-Baffoe, K., additional, Arets, E. J. M. M., additional, Berry, N. J., additional, Bird, M., additional, Brondizio, E. S., additional, de Camargo, P., additional, Chave, J., additional, Djagbletey, G., additional, Domingues, T. F., additional, Drescher, M., additional, Fearnside, P. M., additional, França, M. B., additional, Fyllas, N. M., additional, Lopez-Gonzalez, G., additional, Hladik, A., additional, Higuchi, N., additional, Hunter, M. O., additional, Iida, Y., additional, Abu Silam, K., additional, Kassim, A. R., additional, Keller, M., additional, Kemp, J., additional, King, D. A., additional, Lovett, J. C., additional, Marimon, B. S., additional, Marimon-Junior, B. H., additional, Lenza, E., additional, Marshall, A. R., additional, Metcalfe, D. J., additional, Mitchard, E. T. A., additional, Moran, E. F., additional, Nelson, B. W., additional, Nilus, R., additional, Nogueira, E. M., additional, Palace, M., additional, Patiño, S., additional, Peh, K. S.-H., additional, Raventos, M. T., additional, Reitsma, J. M., additional, Saiz, G., additional, Schrodt, F., additional, Sonké, B., additional, Taedoumg, H. E., additional, Tan, S., additional, White, L., additional, Wöll, H., additional, and Lloyd, J., additional

Published
2010
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16. Height-diameter allometry of tropical forest trees

Author

Feldpausch, T. R., primary, Banin, L., additional, Phillips, O. L., additional, Baker, T. R., additional, Lewis, S. L., additional, Quesada, C. A., additional, Affum-Baffoe, K., additional, Arets, E. J. M. M., additional, Berry, N. J., additional, Bird, M., additional, Brondizio, E. S., additional, de Camargo, P., additional, Chave, J., additional, Djagbletey, G., additional, Domingues, T. F., additional, Drescher, M., additional, Fearnside, P. M., additional, França, M. B., additional, Fyllas, N. M., additional, Lopez-Gonzalez, G., additional, Hladik, A., additional, Higuchi, N., additional, Hunter, M. O., additional, Iida, Y., additional, Abu Silam, K., additional, Kassim, A. R., additional, Keller, M., additional, Kemp, J., additional, King, D. A., additional, Lovett, J. C., additional, Marimon, B. S., additional, Marimon-Junior, B. H., additional, Lenza, E., additional, Marshall, A. R., additional, Metcalfe, D. J., additional, Mitchard, E. T. A., additional, Moran, E. F., additional, Nelson, B. W., additional, Nilus, R., additional, Nogueira, E. M., additional, Palace, M., additional, Patiño, S., additional, Peh, K. S.-H., additional, Raventos, M. T., additional, Reitsma, J. M., additional, Saiz, G., additional, Schrodt, F., additional, Sonké, B., additional, Taedoumg, H. E., additional, Tan, S., additional, White, L., additional, Wöll, H., additional, and Lloyd, J., additional

Published
2010
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18. Leaf herbivory and monodominance in a Cerrado–Amazonia transitional forest, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Author

Marimon, B. S., Felfili, J. M., Marimon, B. H., Fagg, C. W., da Silveira Anacleto, T. C., Umetsu, R. K., Lenza, E., Batista, J. D., and Rossete, A. N.

Subjects
TROPICAL forests, DOMINANCE (Genetics), CERRADO plants, HERBIVORES
Abstract

Monodominant tropical forests occur on several continents, including the Brazilian Amazon. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that seedling escape from leaf herbivory contributes to the maintenance of the monodominantBrosimum rubescensforest. The study was undertaken both in a monodominant forest ofB. rubescensand in an adjacent seasonal forest in the transitional zone between the Cerrado and the Amazonian forest biomes. Percentage of leaf area damaged and herbivory rates were evaluated on young and mature leaves of seedlings ofBrosimum rubescens,Protium pilosissimumandTetragastris altissimain the understory and in the gap between the monodominant and seasonal forests. Little evidence of any significant relationship between leaf herbivory and seedling density indicates that the monodominant species does not follow the hypothesized pattern of an intensive herbivore attack in areas of higher seedling density. The escape ofBrosimum rubescensfrom herbivore pressure under conditions of high seedling density may be part of a set of conditions that determine the maintenance of this monodominant forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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19. Terrestrial Salamander and Ant Community Responses to Imidacloprid Application in Central Appalachian Eastern Hemlock Forests

Author

Paul, Lenza E

Subjects
ants, Appalachia, eastern hemlock, eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus), hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), imidacloprid, pesticide, salamander, wildlife
Abstract

Imidacloprid is the most widely used insecticide in the world and has been found to impact non-target taxa in systems in which it is applied. It is used as the primary treatment method in the protection of eastern hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis) from impacts of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae), an invasive insect in the U.S. that is causing widespread mortality of hemlock trees. In this study, we investigated whether imidacloprid applied in eastern hemlock forests is impacting woodland salamander and ant communities. In Chapter 1, I provide an overview of the ecological importance of eastern hemlocks and the HWA invasion, with a focus on invasion and management responses in the West Virginia National Park system. I then discuss biological and ecological aspects of the pesticide imidacloprid the ecological importance of eastern hemlocks, followed by a review of potential impacts of imidacloprid on amphibians and ants. Finally, I introduce the study area, discuss research needs, and define the objectives of the thesis research. In Chapter 2, we investigated whether imidacloprid applications were associated with woodland salamander abundance and health. We sampled terrestrial salamander communities at 18 control and treatment sites, respectively, with 12–17 surveys completed at each site. We tested the influence of three imidacloprid predictors on relative abundance and body condition while accounting for influential habitat characteristics. We did not find evidence for an overall difference in relative abundance between control and treatment plots. The body condition index score of adult salamanders was negatively associated with treated tree diameter at breast height (DBH), a proxy for treatment intensity, and positively associated with years since treatment (YST) at treatment sites. Furthermore, the YST relationship was stronger at sites with greater treated tree DBH. In addition, 8 eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) collected from treatment areas contained imidacloprid, indicating terrestrial salamanders are uptaking the pesticide. In Chapter 3, we investigated the influence of imidacloprid treatments in eastern hemlock forests on ant relative abundance and diversity. Using bait traps, we sampled ants at 18 control and treatment sites, respectively, in spring, summer, and fall in 2020. We captured a total of 5 species and 17,626 ants, with 10,324 ants captured in control plots and 7,302 ants captured in treatment plots. We found that relative abundance of the dominant ant species (Aphaenogaster picea) exhibited a strong negative response to imidacloprid treatments. Recovery time of the species over time was dependent on treated tree DBH and years since the plot was treated, with abundances improving faster in sites with a lower amount of treated tree DBH. We found that ant diversity was also negatively impacted by imidacloprid treatments, but the effect was weaker, with coefficient confidence intervals overlapping 0. In addition, we detected imidacloprid in the biomass of ants collected from treatment sites, indicating ants are uptaking the pesticide. Overall, our study indicates that woodland salamanders and ants in eastern hemlock forests are negatively impacted by imidacloprid treatments, but they seem to recover over time. Salamanders and ants heavily influence the ecology of forest systems in the eastern U.S. They serve as important predators and prey and can have direct and indirect influences on the biological, physical, and chemical properties of soil and vegetation. The results of this thesis may help resource managers make informed decisions to balance the need for maintaining healthy eastern hemlock forests while minimizing impacts to non-target species.

Published
2021

23. Structural, physiognomic and aboveground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents. How different are co-occuring savanna and forest formations?

Author

Veenendaal, E.M., Torello-Raventos, M., Feldpausch, T.R., Domingues, T.F., Gerard, F., Schrodt, F., Saiz, G., Quesada, C.A., Djagbletey, G., Ford, A., Kemp, J., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Lenza, E., Ratter, J.A., Maracahipes, L., Sasaki, D., Sonke, B., Zapfack, L., Villaroel, D., Schwarz, M., Ishida, F.Y., Gilpin, M., Nardoto, G.B., Affum-Baffoe, K., Arroyo, L., Bloomfield, K., Ceca, G., Compaore, H., Davies, K., Diallo, A., Fyllas, N.M., Gignoux, J., Hien, F., Johnson, M., Mugin, E., Hiernaux, P., Killeen, T., Metcalfe, D., Miranda, H.S., Steininger, M., Sykora, K., Bird, M.I., Grace, J., Lewis, S., Phillips, O.L., and Lloyd, J.

Subjects
13. Climate action, 15. Life on land

24. Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Coelho De Souza, F, Dexter, KG, Phillips, OL, Brienen, RJW, Chave, J, Galbraith, DR, Lopez Gonzalez, G, Monteagudo Mendoza, A, Pennington, TR, Poorter, L, Alexiades, M, Álvarez-Dávila, E, Andrade, A, Aragão, LEOC, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Aymard, GA, Baraloto, C, Barroso, JG, Bonal, D, Boot, RGA, Camargo, JLC, Comiskey, JA, Cornejo Valverde, F, de Camargo, PB, Di Fiore, A, Elias, F, Erwin, TL, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, L, Fyllas, NM, Gloor, E, Herault, B, Herrera, R, Higuchi, N, Honorio Coronado, EN, Killeen, T, Laurance, WF, Laurance, S, Lloyd, J, Lovejoy, TE, Malhi, Y, Maracahipes, L, Marimon, BS, Marimon-Junior, BH, Mendoza, C, Morandi, P, Neill, DA, Núñez Vargas, P, Oliveira, EA, Lenza, E, Palacios, WA, Peñuela-Mora, M, Pipoly III, JJ, Pitman, NCA, Prieto, A, Quesada, CA, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Rudas, A, Ruokolainen, K, Salomão, RP, Silveira, M, Stropp, J, ter Steege, H, Thomas-Caesar, R, van der Hout, P, van der Heijden, GMF, van der Meer, PJ, Vasquez, RV, Vieira, SA, Vilanova, E, Vos, VA, Wang, O, Young, KR, Zagt, RJ, Baker, TR, Chercheur indépendant, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and The Royal Society

Subjects
Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics, Convergent Evolution, WOOD DENSITY, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Trait, Forests, Trees, BIOMASS, Angiosperm, Divergence, Divergent selection, Natural Selection, tropical tree, Phylogeny, Research Articles, Ecology, PRODUCTIVITY, trait, phylogenetic signal, RAIN-FOREST, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Biological Evolution, Phylogenetics, GROWTH, divergent selection, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Life History Trait, Forest Inventory, Magnoliophyta, Amazonia, Tropical Forest, Tropical tree, convergent evolution, Mortality, Biology, Tropical Climate, Evolutionary Biology, Science & Technology, South America, PHYLOGENETIC NICHE CONSERVATISM, 06 Biological Sciences, SIGNAL, SIZE, FUNCTIONAL TRAITS, Ecosystem Function, 07 Agricultural And Veterinary Sciences, COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
Abstract

Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant lifehistory strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change. © 2016 The Authors.

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26. Le parole delle costruzioni. Un approccio alla conoscenza

Author

FRUNZIO, Giorgio, F. Rossi, A. De Vivo, V. Sarracino, A. Gambardella, C. Lenza, e altri., Ornella Zerlenga, and Frunzio, Giorgio

Subjects
SSIS, Formazione, SICSI-SUN
Abstract

Collana "SICSI-SUN. Indirizzo Arte e Disegno. Indirizzo Tecnologico"

Published
2009

27. Intraspecific trait variability facilitates tree species persistence along riparian forest edges in Southern Amazonia.

Author

Maracahipes-Santos L, Silvério DV, Maracahipes L, Macedo MN, Lenza E, Jankowski KJ, Wong MY, Silva ACSD, Neill C, Durigan G, and Brando PM

Subjects
Agriculture, Phenotype, Plant Leaves, Trees, Forests
Abstract

Tropical forest fragmentation from agricultural expansion alters the microclimatic conditions of the remaining forests, with effects on vegetation structure and function. However, little is known about how the functional trait variability within and among tree species in fragmented landscapes influence and facilitate species' persistence in these new environmental conditions. Here, we assessed potential changes in tree species' functional traits in riparian forests within six riparian forests in cropland catchments (Cropland) and four riparian forests in forested catchments (Forest) in southern Amazonia. We sampled 12 common functional traits of 123 species across all sites: 64 common to both croplands and forests, 33 restricted to croplands, and 26 restricted to forests. We found that forest-restricted species had leaves that were thinner, larger, and with higher phosphorus (P) content, compared to cropland-restricted ones. Tree species common to both environments showed higher intraspecific variability in functional traits, with leaf thickness and leaf P concentration varying the most. Species turnover contributed more to differences between forest and cropland environments only for the stem-specific density trait. We conclude that the intraspecific variability of functional traits (leaf thickness, leaf P, and specific leaf area) facilitates species persistence in riparian forests occurring within catchments cleared for agricultural expansion in Amazonia., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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29. A Systematic Review of the Utility of the Hoffmann Sign for the Diagnosis of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy.

Author

Fogarty A, Lenza E, Gupta G, Jarzem P, Dasgupta K, and Radhakrishna M

Subjects
Cervical Cord diagnostic imaging, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Physical Examination, Spinal Cord Diseases diagnostic imaging, Spinal Cord Diseases pathology, Cervical Cord pathology, Reflex, Abnormal physiology, Spinal Cord Diseases diagnosis
Abstract

Study Design: Systematic review., Objective: To determine the validity of the Hoffmann sign for the detection of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) for patients presenting with cervical complaints., Summary of Background Data: While physical examination maneuvers are often used to diagnose DCM, no previous review has synthesized diagnostic accuracy data., Methods: Medline, Embase, and HealthStar were searched for articles from January 1, 1947 to March 1, 2017 using the following terms: Spinal Cord Diseases, Spinal Cord Compression, Cervical Vertebrae, Signs and Symptoms, Physical Examination, Epidemiologic studies, Epidemiologic Research Design, Predictive Value of Tests, and Myelopathy. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) checklist was applied to determine the level of evidence. Articles included were published in English or French language, rated as QUADAS level 3 or higher with a minimum 10 patients presenting with cervical complaints having undergone the Hoffman sign. Excluded studies recruited patients with a nondegenerative type of cervical myelopathy, and/or no evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging., Results: A total of 589 articles were selected for review. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 45 articles were analyzed using the QUADAS checklist. Only of three articles were of QUADAS quality 3 or higher. Analysis of combined data from 2/3 studies indicated that the Hoffman sign has a positive likelihood ratio of 2.2 (95% CI 1.5-3.3) and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.63 (95% CI 0.5-0.8)., Conclusion: A positive Hoffman alone is unlikely to lead to more than a small change in estimated probability of DCM as compared with the gold standard test (magnetic resonance imaging). Variability in results across individual studies may result from differences in study design. There are insufficient data to support use of the Hoffman sign alone to confirm or refute a diagnosis of DCM., Level of Evidence: 1.

Published
2018
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30. Optimizing biomass estimates of savanna woodland at different spatial scales in the Brazilian Cerrado: Re-evaluating allometric equations and environmental influences.

Author

Roitman I, Bustamante MMC, Haidar RF, Shimbo JZ, Abdala GC, Eiten G, Fagg CW, Felfili MC, Felfili JM, Jacobson TKB, Lindoso GS, Keller M, Lenza E, Miranda SC, Pinto JRR, Rodrigues AA, Delitti WBC, Roitman P, and Sampaio JM

Subjects
Brazil, Climate Change, Environment, Forests, Tropical Climate, Biomass, Ecosystem, Models, Theoretical
Abstract

Cerrado is the second largest biome in South America and accounted for the second largest contribution to carbon emissions in Brazil for the last 10 years, mainly due to land-use changes. It comprises approximately 2 million km2 and is divided into 22 ecoregions, based on environmental conditions and vegetation. The most dominant vegetation type is cerrado sensu stricto (cerrado ss), a savanna woodland. Quantifying variation of biomass density of this vegetation is crucial for climate change mitigation policies. Integrating remote sensing data with adequate allometric equations and field-based data sets can provide large-scale estimates of biomass. We developed individual-tree aboveground biomass (AGB) allometric models to compare different regression techniques and explanatory variables. We applied the model with the strongest fit to a comprehensive ground-based data set (77 sites, 893 plots, and 95,484 trees) to describe AGB density variation of cerrado ss. We also investigated the influence of physiographic and climatological variables on AGB density; this analysis was restricted to 68 sites because eight sites could not be classified into a specific ecoregion, and one site had no soil texture data. In addition, we developed two models to estimate plot AGB density based on plot basal area. Our data show that for individual-tree AGB models a) log-log linear models provided better estimates than nonlinear power models; b) including species as a random effect improved model fit; c) diameter at 30 cm above ground was a reliable predictor for individual-tree AGB, and although height significantly improved model fit, species wood density did not. Mean tree AGB density in cerrado ss was 22.9 tons ha-1 (95% confidence interval = ± 2.2) and varied widely between ecoregions (8.8 to 42.2 tons ha-1), within ecoregions (e.g. 4.8 to 39.5 tons ha-1), and even within sites (24.3 to 69.9 tons ha-1). Biomass density tended to be higher in sites close to the Amazon. Ecoregion explained 42% of biomass variation between the 68 sites (P < 0.01) and shows strong potential as a parameter for classifying regional biomass variation in the Cerrado., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2018
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