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Abortions in horses represent an important health and economic challenge for equine industry. Primary causes of abortion are divided in non‐infectious and infectious. Non‐infectious causes include abnormalities of foetal appendices (umbilical cord and placenta essentially), abnormalities of gestation, maternal and foetal origins. Infectious abortions are caused in almost cases by bacterial infections, followed by viruses, fungi and parasites. New abortive pathogens (as Leptospira, Neospora caninum, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydophila abortus, and) have been confirmed in equines by comparison already known for their abortive properties in human or in other species. Despite an increasing number of autopsies and continuous improvements in diagnostic tools, in management and surveillance, 20%–40% of the causes of equine abortion remain unknown depending on the country. To increase the likelihood of a definitive diagnosis in cases of abortion and stillbirth in horses, new diagnostic approaches are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The clinical performance of Equia Fil glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and Essentia composite resin (CR) in restoring primary molars affected by caries was assessed. Materials and methods. 120 GIC and 77 CR restorations were applied and followed-up for 36 months, being assessed for the appearance of secondary caries and retention loss. Overall annual failure rate (AFR) was calculated. Chi-squared statistical test for the comparison of two proportions and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed (the significance level being set at p<0.05). Result and discussions. The success rate of CR after the 36-month evaluation was 84.42% regarding secondary caries and 90.91% regarding retention; GIC success rates were 60%. CR AFR was 5.19% for secondary caries and 3.03% for retention; GIC AFRs were 13.33%. Statistically significant differences were found between the two survival curves, GIC having a higher estimated relative risk for secondary caries and retention loss than CR. Conclusion. CR restorations performed better clinically than GIC concerning secondary caries and retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Reproducing the functional occlusal morphology of caries-affected molars by means of a transfer key, made by taking the impression of the restoration wax-up, modelled by the dental technician. Materials and methods.The transfer key method was applied to five molars displaying cavitated occlusal caries, consisting of: cavity preparation and impression; wax-up of the future restoration; impression of the wax-up, the transfer key being thus obtained; composite restoration, overlapping the key onto the last layer of uncured material to transfer the functional occlusal morphology. Results and disscusion. The transfer key method performed in cooperation with the dental technician resulted in occlusal restorations with functional morphology better than those achieved by direct modelling in the dental office. Conclusions. The transfer key technique typifies an alternative approach in treating teeth with carious lesions tobe restored by composite materials.It is a viable option with many advantages worth considering when clinical condition enables it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Experimentation of a new, micro-invasive treatment technique, addressed to the incipient, non-cavitated carious lesions. Materials and method: Icon is an innovative product for the micro-invasive treatment of the carious non-cavitated lesions occurring on smooth surfaces, requiring - after a preliminary conditioning of lesion's surface with 15% hydrochloric acid - infiltration of the porous layer obtained with a low-viscosity composite. Results: 26 non-cavitated carious lesions (22 vestibular and 4 proximal lesions, respectively) were selected and treated by this technique in the Department of Odontotherapy, between October 2010-July 2011. According to the protocol of the Icon technique, a smooth and glossy surface was obtained through infiltrating the lesion, similarly to the healthy enamel, the aesthetic aspect being re-established. Conclusions: The Icon technique may be successfully applied as a method of micro-invasive treatment of the non-cavitated carious lesions produced on smooth surfaces. The studies performed evidenced the efficacy and acceptability of this clinical procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows that an unbiased amplification method applied to equine arteritis virus RNA significantly improves the sensitivity of the real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health. Twelve viral RNAs amplified using this method were hybridized on a high-density resequencing microarray for effective viral characterization., (Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a very frequent skin malignancy, with slow evolution and rare metastases. Host tissues react to tumor invasion through complex inflammatory response, comprising varied inflammatory cells. We assessed the expression of mast cells and dendritic cells in 37 archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of BCC from the oral and maxillofacial region by means of immunohistochemical (IHC) method, using the SABC (Streptavidin-Biotin Complex) indirect tristadial technique for CD117 and S100 markers. Undetermined cases were eliminated. Mast cells were found in great number at the periphery and in between the tumor islands, the positivity to CD117 being high in three cases, moderate in 11 cases and low in 16 cases. Dendritic cells were also found within the tumor stroma, but they penetrated deep inside the tumor nests. The positivity to S100 was high in one of the 20 conclusive BCC cases, moderate in seven cases and low in nine cases. Three cases were negative to S100. The characteristic location of dendritic cells prove their role as antigen-receptor cells while mast cells might play dual roles in tumor biology.