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2. Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors

Author

Yamada, Yosuke, Zhang, Xueying, Henderson, Mary ET, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Pontzer, Herman, Watanabe, Daiki, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Kimura, Misaka, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan G, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Eaton, Simon, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Halsey, Lewis G, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kraus, William E, Kriengsinyos, Wantanee, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne M, Reilly, John J, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sardinha, Luis B, Silva, Analiza M, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack A, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Miyachi, Motohiko, Schoeller, Dale A, Speakman, John R, and Consortium§, International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water Database

Subjects
Prevention, Clean Water and Sanitation, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Exercise, Humidity, Life Style, Social Class, Water, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Child, Preschool, Child, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drinking, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Doubly Labeled Water (DLW) Database Consortium§, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had higher WT than people in high-HDI countries. On the basis of this extensive dataset, we provide equations to predict human WT in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors.

Published
2022

3. Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females

Author

Halsey, Lewis G, Careau, Vincent, Pontzer, Herman, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Yamada, Yosuke, and Speakman, John R

Subjects
Obesity, Behavioral and Social Science, Affordable and Clean Energy, Adult, Aged, Aging, Animals, Body Composition, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Mammals, Reproduction, Sex Characteristics, DLW, Energetics, Activity, Trait variability, Biological sex, Evolutionary Biology, Anthropology, Archaeology
Abstract

In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits. Energy expenditure could exhibit particularly high greater male variation through a cumulative effect if those traits mostly exhibit greater male variation, or a lack of greater male variation if many of them do not. Sex differences in energy expenditure variation have been little explored. We analyzed a large database on energy expenditure in adult humans (1494 males and 3108 females) to investigate whether humans have evolved sex differences in the degree of interindividual variation in energy expenditure. We found that, even when statistically comparing males and females of the same age, height, and body composition, there is much more variation in total, activity, and basal energy expenditure among males. However, with aging, variation in total energy expenditure decreases, and because this happens more rapidly in males, the magnitude of greater male variation, though still large, is attenuated in older age groups. Considerably greater male variation in both total and activity energy expenditure could be explained by greater male variation in levels of daily activity. The considerably greater male variation in basal energy expenditure is remarkable and may be explained, at least in part, by greater male variation in the size of energy-demanding organs. If energy expenditure is a trait that is of indirect interest to females when choosing a sexual partner, this would suggest that energy expenditure is under sexual selection. However, we present a novel energetics model demonstrating that it is also possible that females have been under stabilizing selection pressure for an intermediate basal energy expenditure to maximize energy available for reproduction.

Published
2022

4. Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature

Author

Zhang, Xueying, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Blaak, Ellen E, Buchowski, Maciej S, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Gurven, Michael, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Leonard, William R, Martin, Corby K, Meijer, Erwin P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Racette, Susan B, Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne M, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Sardinha, Luis B, Silva, Analiza M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wood, Brian M, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Pontzer, Herman, Speakman, John R, consortium, the IAEA DLW database, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Addo, Bedu, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Branth, Stefan, De Bruin, Niels C, Butte, Nancy F, Colbert, Lisa H, Camps, Stephan G, Dutman, Alice E, Eaton, Simon D, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Ebbeling, Cara, Elmståhl, Sölve, Fogelholm, Mikael, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Harris, Tamara, Heijligenberg, Rik, Goris, Annelies H, Hambly, Catherine, Hoos, Marije B, Jorgensen, Hans U, Joosen, Annemiek M, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kriengsinyos, Watanee, Lambert, Estelle V, Larsson, Christel L, Lessan, Nader, Ludwig, David S, McCloskey, Margaret, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Gerwin A, Matsiko, Eric, Melse-Boonstra, Alida, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Nicklas, Theresa A, Pannemans, Daphne L, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Philippaerts, Renaat M, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Reilly, John J, Rothenberg, Elisabet M, Schuit, Albertine J, Schulz, Sabine, and Sjödin, Anders M

Subjects
Nutrition, IAEA DLW database consortium, Human Physiology, Human activity in medical context, Human metabolism
Abstract

Lower ambient temperature (Ta) requires greater energy expenditure to sustain body temperature. However, effects of Ta on human energetics may be buffered by environmental modification and behavioral compensation. We used the IAEA DLW database for adults in the USA (n = 3213) to determine the effect of Ta (-10 to +30°C) on TEE, basal (BEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity level (PAL). There were no significant relationships (p > 0.05) between maximum, minimum and average Ta and TEE, BEE, AEE and PAL. After adjustment for fat-free mass, fat mass and age, statistically significant (p

Published
2022

7. Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition

Author

Rimbach, Rebecca, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Anderson, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Speakman, John R, and Pontzer, Herman

Subjects
Nutrition, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Obesity, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and endocrine, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Bayes Theorem, Body Composition, Child, Databases, Factual, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Isotope Labeling, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Water, Weight Gain, IAEA DLW Database Consortium
Abstract

Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20-60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.

Published
2022

8. Total daily energy expenditure has declined over the past three decades due to declining basal expenditure, not reduced activity expenditure

Author

Speakman, John R., de Jong, Jasper M. A., Sinha, Srishti, Westerterp, Klaas R., Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N., Anderson, Liam J., Arab, Lenore, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G., Bovet, Pascal, Brage, Soren, Buchowski, Maciej S., Butte, Nancy F., Camps, Stefan G.J.A., Cooper, Jamie A., Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai Krupa, Davies, Peter S. W., Dugas, Lara R., Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W., Gillingham, Melanie, Ghosh, Santu, Goris, Annelies H., Gurven, Michael, Halsey, Lewis G., Hambly, Catherine, Haisma, Hinke H., Hoffman, Daniel, Hu, Sumei, Joosen, Annemiek M., Kaplan, Jennifer L., Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kraus, William E., Kushner, Robert F., Leonard, William R., Löf, Marie, Martin, Corby K., Matsiko, Eric, Medin, Anine C., Meijer, Erwin P., Neuhouser, Marian L., Nicklas, Theresa A., Ojiambo, Robert M., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L., Racette, Susan B., Raichlen, David A., Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne M., Roberts, Susan B., Rudolph, Michael C., Sardinha, Luis B., Schuit, Albertine J., Silva, Analiza M., Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S., Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M., Van Mil, Edgar A., Wood, Brian M., Yanovski, Jack A., Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J., Loechl, Cornelia U., Kurpad, Anura, Luke, Amy H., Pontzer, Herman, Rodeheffer, Matthew S., Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A., and Wong, William W.

Published
2023
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9. Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life

Author

Westerterp, Klaas R, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai K, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Pontzer, Herman, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Wong, William W, Speakman, John R, Branth, Stefan, Colbert, Lisa H, De Bruin, Niels C, Dutman, Alice E, Elmståhl, Sölve, Fogelholm, Mikael, Harris, Tamara, Heijligenberg, Rik, Jorgensen, Hans U, Larsson, Christel L, Rothenberg, Elisabet M, McCloskey, Margaret, Meijer, Gerwin A, Pannemans, Daphne L, Schulz, Sabine, Van den Berg-Emons, Rita, Van Gemert, Wim G, and Wilhelmine, W

Subjects
Prevention, Aging, Clinical Research, Nutrition, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Energy Metabolism, Exercise, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, physical activity level, age, energy expenditure, body composition, doubly labeled water, International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database group, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition & Dietetics
Abstract

BackgroundPhysical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.ObjectivesA study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution.ResultsPAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males

Published
2021

10. Energy compensation and adiposity in humans

Author

Careau, Vincent, Halsey, Lewis G, Pontzer, Herman, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Eaton, Simon D, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reilly, John J, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Schoeller, Dale A, Wong, William W, Yamada, Yosuke, Speakman, John R, and group, the IAEA DLW database

Subjects
Nutrition, Obesity, Clinical Research, Oral and gastrointestinal, Stroke, Metabolic and endocrine, Cancer, Cardiovascular, Affordable and Clean Energy, Adiposity, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Humans, IAEA DLW database group, Homo sapiens, activity, basal metabolic rate, daily energy expenditure, energy compensation, energy management models, exercise, trade-offs, weight loss, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Understanding the impacts of activity on energy balance is crucial. Increasing levels of activity may bring diminishing returns in energy expenditure because of compensatory responses in non-activity energy expenditures.1-3 This suggestion has profound implications for both the evolution of metabolism and human health. It implies that a long-term increase in activity does not directly translate into an increase in total energy expenditure (TEE) because other components of TEE may decrease in response-energy compensation. We used the largest dataset compiled on adult TEE and basal energy expenditure (BEE) (n = 1,754) of people living normal lives to find that energy compensation by a typical human averages 28% due to reduced BEE; this suggests that only 72% of the extra calories we burn from additional activity translates into extra calories burned that day. Moreover, the degree of energy compensation varied considerably between people of different body compositions. This association between compensation and adiposity could be due to among-individual differences in compensation: people who compensate more may be more likely to accumulate body fat. Alternatively, the process might occur within individuals: as we get fatter, our body might compensate more strongly for the calories burned during activity, making losing fat progressively more difficult. Determining the causality of the relationship between energy compensation and adiposity will be key to improving public health strategies regarding obesity.

Published
2021

11. Daily energy expenditure through the human life course

Author

Pontzer, Herman, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan G, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marjije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Teresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Speakman, John R, and Consortium§, IAEA DLW Database

Subjects
Aging, Nutrition, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Energy Metabolism, Exercise, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Young Adult, IAEA DLW Database Consortium, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Total daily energy expenditure ("total expenditure") reflects daily energy needs and is a critical variable in human health and physiology, but its trajectory over the life course is poorly studied. We analyzed a large, diverse database of total expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method for males and females aged 8 days to 95 years. Total expenditure increased with fat-free mass in a power-law manner, with four distinct life stages. Fat-free mass-adjusted expenditure accelerates rapidly in neonates to ~50% above adult values at ~1 year; declines slowly to adult levels by ~20 years; remains stable in adulthood (20 to 60 years), even during pregnancy; then declines in older adults. These changes shed light on human development and aging and should help shape nutrition and health strategies across the life span.

Published
2021

12. A standard calculation methodology for human doubly labeled water studies.

Author

Speakman, John R, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Berman, Elena SF, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Creasy, Seth A, Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Ebbeling, Cara B, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Ludwig, David S, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Melanson, Edward L, Luke, Amy H, Pontzer, Herman, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, and IAEA DLW database group

Subjects
IAEA DLW database group, doubly labeled water, free-living, total energy expenditure, validation
Abstract

The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living subjects. Several equations are used to convert isotopic data into TEE. Using the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) DLW database (5,756 measurements of adults and children), we show considerable variability is introduced by different equations. The estimated rCO2 is sensitive to the dilution space ratio (DSR) of the two isotopes. Based on performance in validation studies, we propose a new equation based on a new estimate of the mean DSR. The DSR is lower at low body masses (

Published
2021

14. Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature

Author

Andersen, Lene F., Anderson, Liam J., Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Addo, Bedu, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto, Bouten, Carlijn V.C., Bovet, Pascal, Branth, Stefan, De Bruin, Niels C., Butte, Nancy F., Colbert, Lisa H., Camps, Stephan G., Dutman, Alice E., Eaton, Simon D., Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Ebbeling, Cara, Elmståhl, Sölve, Fogelholm, Mikael, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W., Harris, Tamara, Heijligenberg, Rik, Goris, Annelies H., Hambly, Catherine, Hoos, Marije B., Jorgensen, Hans U., Joosen, Annemiek M., Kempen, Kitty P., Kimura, Misaka, Kriengsinyos, Watanee, Lambert, Estelle V., Larsson, Christel L., Lessan, Nader, Ludwig, David S., McCloskey, Margaret, Medin, Anine C., Meijer, Gerwin A., Matsiko, Eric, Melse-Boonstra, Alida, Morehen, James C., Morton, James P., Nicklas, Theresa A., Pannemans, Daphne L., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Philippaerts, Renaat M., Rabinovich, Roberto A., Reilly, John J., Rothenberg, Elisabet M., Schuit, Albertine J., Schulz, Sabine, Sjödin, Anders M., Subar, Amy, Tanskanen, Minna, Uauy, Ricardo, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M., Berg-Emons, Rita Van den, Van Gemert, Wim G., Velthuis-te Wierik, Erica J., Verboeket-van de Venne, Wilhelmine W., Verbunt, Jeanine A., Wells, Jonathan C.K., Wilson, George, Zhang, Xueying, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N., Blaak, Ellen E., Buchowski, Maciej S., Close, Graeme L., Cooper, Jamie A., Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R., Gurven, Michael, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kraus, William E., Kushner, Robert F., Leonard, William R., Martin, Corby K., Meijer, Erwin P., Neuhouser, Marian L., Ojiambo, Robert M., Pitsiladis, Yannis P., Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L., Racette, Susan B., Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne M., Reynolds, Rebecca M., Roberts, Susan B., Sardinha, Luis B., Silva, Analiza M., Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S., Van Mil, Edgar A., Wood, Brian M., Murphy-Alford, Alexia J., Loechl, Cornelia, Luke, Amy H., Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A., Westerterp, Klaas R., Wong, William W., Pontzer, Herman, and Speakman, John R.

Published
2022
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16. Pearl Memorial Lecture. Humans at the extremes: Exploring human adaptation to ecological and social stressors.

Author

Leonard, William R.

Subjects
*SOCIAL adjustment, *HUMAN variation (Biology), *FIELD research, *HUMAN biology, *ECOSYSTEMS
Abstract

The field of human biology has long explored how human populations have adapted to extreme environmental circumstances. Yet, it has become increasingly clear that conditions of social stress, poverty, and lifestyle change play equally important roles in shaping human biological variation and health. In this paper, I provide a brief background on the foundational human adaptability research of the International Biological Programme (IBP) from the 1960s, highlighting how its successes and critiques have shaped current research directions in the field. I then discuss and reflect on my own field research that has examined the influence of both environmental and social stresses on human populations living in different ecosystems: the Peruvian Andes, the Siberian arctic, and the Bolivian rainforest. Finally, I consider how the papers in this special issue advance our understanding of human adaptability to extreme conditions and offer directions for future research. Drawing on our field's distinctive evolutionary and biocultural perspectives, human biologists are uniquely positioned to examine how the interplay between social and ecological domains influences the human condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Biology and Body Size in Human Evolution: Statistical Inference Misapplied [and Comments and Reply]

Author

Smith, Richard J., Albrecht, Gene H., Damuth, John, Di Bacco, Mario, Fortelius, Mikael, Gingerich, Philip D., Godfrey, Laurie R., Sutherland, Michael R., Jungers, William L., Leigh, Steven R., Leney, Mark D., Foley, Robert A., Leonard, William R., Robertson, Marcia L., Leutenegger, Walter, McHenry, Henry M., Martin, Robert D., Pilbeam, David, Plavcan, J. Michael, Wheeler, P. E., Wood, B. A., and Collard, M.

Published
1996

30. Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females

Author

Halsey, Lewis G., primary, Careau, Vincent, additional, Pontzer, Herman, additional, Ainslie, Philip N., additional, Andersen, Lene F., additional, Anderson, Liam J., additional, Arab, Lenore, additional, Baddou, Issad, additional, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, additional, Blaak, Ellen E., additional, Blanc, Stephane, additional, Bonomi, Alberto G., additional, Bouten, Carlijn V.C., additional, Bovet, Pascal, additional, Buchowski, Maciej S., additional, Butte, Nancy F., additional, Camps, Stefan G.J.A., additional, Close, Graeme L., additional, Cooper, Jamie A., additional, Das, Sai Krupa, additional, Cooper, Richard, additional, Dugas, Lara R., additional, Ekelund, Ulf, additional, Entringer, Sonja, additional, Forrester, Terrence, additional, Fudge, Barry W., additional, Goris, Annelies H., additional, Gurven, Michael, additional, Hambly, Catherine, additional, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, additional, Hoos, Marije B., additional, Hu, Sumei, additional, Joonas, Noorjehan, additional, Joosen, Annemiek M., additional, Katzmarzyk, Peter, additional, Kempen, Kitty P., additional, Kimura, Misaka, additional, Kraus, William E., additional, Kushner, Robert F., additional, Lambert, Estelle V., additional, Leonard, William R., additional, Lessan, Nader, additional, Martin, Corby K., additional, Medin, Anine C., additional, Meijer, Erwin P., additional, Morehen, James C., additional, Morton, James P., additional, Neuhouser, Marian L., additional, Nicklas, Theresa A., additional, Ojiambo, Robert M., additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., additional, Pitsiladis, Yannis P., additional, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, additional, Plasqui, Guy, additional, Prentice, Ross L., additional, Rabinovich, Roberto A., additional, Racette, Susan B., additional, Raichlen, David A., additional, Ravussin, Eric, additional, Reynolds, Rebecca M., additional, Roberts, Susan B., additional, Schuit, Albertine J., additional, Sjödin, Anders M., additional, Stice, Eric, additional, Urlacher, Samuel S., additional, Valenti, Giulio, additional, Van Etten, Ludo M., additional, Van Mil, Edgar A., additional, Wilson, George, additional, Wood, Brian M., additional, Yanovski, Jack, additional, Yoshida, Tsukasa, additional, Zhang, Xueying, additional, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J., additional, Loechl, Cornelia U., additional, Luke, Amy H., additional, Rood, Jennifer, additional, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, additional, Schoeller, Dale A., additional, Westerterp, Klaas R., additional, Wong, William W., additional, Yamada, Yosuke, additional, and Speakman, John R., additional

Published
2022
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34. Assessing Children's Growth and Motor Development after the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Insights from the REACT Project.

Author

Leonard, William R.

Subjects
*MOTOR ability in children, *MOTOR ability, *COVID-19 pandemic, *GROWTH of children, *SCHOOL children, *HUMAN biology, *SLEEP duration
Abstract

This article is a special issue of the American Journal of Human Biology that presents the initial findings from the REACT Project (Return-to-Action after the COVID-19 Pandemic). The project is a longitudinal study conducted in Matosinhos, northern Portugal, focusing on the growth, motor development, and health behaviors of school children aged 6-10 years. The research aims to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on children's growth and motor development, as well as track their fundamental movement skills using a novel technology called the Meu Educativo® app. The papers in this issue explore various factors influencing children's physical growth, fitness, and motor performance, including family, school, and neighborhood factors, as well as the influence of obesity, sedentary behavior, socioeconomic status, and sleep on motor development. The findings provide valuable insights for parents, educators, and researchers interested in promoting physical activity and healthy growth among school-aged children. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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39. Adult obesity: Panel study from native Amazonians

Author

Zeng, Wu, Eisenberg, Dan T.A., Jovel, Karla Rubio, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Nyberg, Colleen, Tanner, Susan, Reyes-García, Victoria, Leonard, William R., Castaño, Juliana, Huanca, Tomás, McDade, Thomas W., and Godoy, Ricardo

Published
2013
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40. Schooling's Contribution to Social Capital: Study from a Native Amazonian Society in Bolivia

Author

Godoy, Ricardo, Seyfried, Craig, Reyes-Garcia, Victoria, Huanca, Tomas, Leonard, William R., McDade, Thomas, Tanner, Susan, and Vadez, Vincent

Abstract

Understanding why traditional cultures weaken matters because they embody humanity's heritage. Schooling has been singled out as an abrader of traditional culture. We assess whether schooling erodes one aspect of traditional culture: social capital as shown by generosity to people outside the household. In industrial nations researchers find positive associations between social capital and schooling. We hypothesize that in pre-industrial societies schooling will produce ambiguous effects on social capital: it will reduce social capital expressed through labour help but increase social capital expressed through gifts given. Furthermore, we hypothesize that schooling will lower the likelihood of displaying social capital to kin. To test the hypotheses we use 2004 data from a highly autarkic society of farmers and foragers in the Bolivian Amazon, the Tsimane'. To strengthen the inferences we make about causality we use instrumental variables. Participants in the study included all people of 16+ years of age (n=574) in 13 villages. Social capital included (a) gifts given to people of other households and (b) labour help offered to people of other households and participation in communal work during the week before the day of the interview. Instrumental variables included childhood village of residence and father's writing ability. Contrary to expectations, schooling weakened all forms of social capital, including expressions of generosity toward kin, but results were statistically insignificant. Parameters estimated with standard techniques and with instrumental variables differed in sign and magnitude, suggesting that researchers should correct for the endogeneity of schooling when assessing schooling's effect on social capital. We end by discussing reasons for the weak statistical results. (Contains 4 tables.)

Published
2007
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42. Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis among young adults in northeastern Siberia and Midwest United States and its relationship with other biological adaptations to cold climates

Author

Levy, Stephanie B., primary, Klimova, Tatiana M., additional, Zakharova, Raisa N., additional, Fedorov, Afanasiy I., additional, Fedorova, Valentina I., additional, Baltakhinova, Marina E., additional, Bondy, Madison, additional, Atallah, Dania, additional, Thompson‐Vasquez, Jennah, additional, Dong, Kaylin, additional, Debertine, Anne, additional, and Leonard, William R., additional

Published
2022
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