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Radish is a vegetable high in nutritional and phytochemical contents that are beneficial to the human body, especially for managing kidney stone disease. However, it is less consumed as compared to other vegetables due to its pungent flavour and odour. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to formulate a radish effervescent tablet to enhance the palatability of the vegetable. The radish effervescent tablet was formulated by using Simplex Lattice Mixture Design where the percentages of sucralose and strawberry flavour were chosen as the factors. Five formulations were generated, and sensory acceptance test was conducted on them. Next, the halalan toyyiban principle compliance was evaluated based on the Halal Control Points (HCPs), toxicity assay (brine shrimp lethality assay), anti-urolithiatic properties (turbidimetric assay), and nutritional composition (energy, total protein, total fat, total carbohydrate, and total sugar). Formulation 5 (F5) with 20% citric acid, 12% sodium bicarbonate, 58% radish powder, 2.5% sucralose, and 7.5% strawberry flavour was selected as the most acceptable formulation (p < 0.05). For the halalan toyyiban principle compliance, F5 was evaluated, and it complied with the halalan toyyiban principles. It is halal, non-toxic, and safe for consumption as the LC50 was greater than 1,000 µg/mL (2,223.31 µg/mL) for toxicity test, and exhibited significant potential as an anti-urolithiatic agent (88.13% inhibition). In the future, prototype development of radish effervescent tablet with potential anti-urolithiatic and fast-dissolving properties can be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Giant sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) are at risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality due to their high vascularity. Pre-operative embolization of the feeding arteries, prior to complete surgical resection, may assist in minimizing the intraoperative blood loss by occluding these feeding arteries. Case presentation We present a case of a highly vascular giant SCT in a neonate, which was successfully embolized through an endovascular approach prior to surgery. The femoral artery approach was chosen, with access established using a Micropuncture introducer as a sheath. Embolization was performed using a combination of microcoils, Gelfoam slurry, and polyvinyl alcohol particles. The patient developed femoral artery spasm post-procedure, which resolved with the application of a glyceryl trinitrate patch. Conclusions Performing pre-operative endovascular embolization on a giant sacrococcygeal teratoma presents particular challenges, primarily due to the difficulty in assessing small vessels and the potential complications associated with this procedure. Nevertheless, this technique proves exceptionally valuable in helping the surgeon minimize blood loss during surgery, thereby reducing the risks of morbidity and mortality. Comprehensive planning for the embolization procedure is essential, encompassing the identification of potential vascular access points and alternatives, along with careful selection of the appropriate catheter.

The corneal eye diseases such as Keratoconus cause weakening of the cornea, with this disease the cornea can change in shape. This condition affects between 1 in 3,000 to 1 in 10,000 people. The main reason for the development of such conditions is unknown and can have significant impacts. Over the last decade, with advancements in computerized corneal topography assessments, researchers have increasingly expressed interest in corneal topography for research as well as clinical activities. Up till now, several aspheric numerical models have been developed as well as proposed to define the complex shape of the cornea. A commonly used term for characterizing the asphericity in an eye is the Q value, a common indicator of the aspherical degree of the cornea. It is one of the critical parameters in the mathematical description model of the cornea as it represents the cornea's shape and the eye's characteristics. Due to the utmost importance of this Q value of the cornea, a couple of studies have attempted to explore this parameter and its distribution, merely in terms of its influence on the human eye's optical properties. The corneal Q value is an important factor that needs to be determined to treat for any refractive errors as corneal degeneration are disease that can lead to potential problems with the structure of the cornea. This study aims to highlight the need to understand Q value of the cornea as this can essentially assist with personalising corneal refractive surgeries and implantation of intraocular lenses. Therefore, the relevance of corneal Q value must be studied in association with different patients, especially ones who have been diagnosed with cataracts, brain tumours, or even COVID-19. To address this issue, this paper first carries out a literature review on the optics of the cornea, the relevance of corneal Q value in ophthalmic practice and studies corneal degenerations and its causes. Thereafter, a detailed review of several noteworthy relevant research studies examining the Q value of the cornea is performed. To do so, an elaborate database is created, which presents a list of different research works examined in this study and provides key evidence derived from these studies. This includes listing details on the age, gender, ethnicity of the eyes assessed, the control variables, the technology used in the study, and even more. The database also delivers important findings and conclusions noted in each study assessed. Next, this paper analyses and discusses the magnitude of corneal Q value in various scenarios and the influence of different parameters on corneal Q value. To design visual optical products as well as to enhance the understanding of the optical properties of an eye, future studies could consider the database and work presented in this study as useful references. In addition, the work can be used to make informed decisions in clinical practice for designing visual optical products as well as to enhance the understanding of the optical properties of an Eye.

The cornea is the human eye’s transparent outermost layer. It plays a significant role in keeping the eyeball’s shape and preventing infections with protective functions for the different structures within the eye. Cornea, like other tissue in the body, is affected by different diseases such as keratoconus. Detection of this disease is important for that reason variety of techniques and tools such as anterior and posterior topographical images of the human cornea are used. They are becoming more critical in categorizing healthy/unhealthy corneas. The outcomes of topographic device contain four different maps as well as other valuable parameters. Elevation maps are representing the elevation of corneal surfaces above and below reference surface. They were used along with elevation values by the researchers for both interior/posterior surfaces. These maps are affected by any change in other topographic parameters such as asphericity and toricity. These parameters were found to be essential to distinguish between normal and diseased eyes with the help of different feature selections or feature extraction, which is used to determine the most influential parameters that will contribute to the final decision. Some researchers highlighted the importance of the skewing angle of the bowtie shape, which indicates the cornea’s health. This paper aims to explain the importance of elevation maps, artificial intelligent techniques and different parameters collected from different methods to identify if the cornea is diseased or healthy.